1、8年级上英语语法重点和知识点归纳新人教版八年级英语上册知识点分类归纳总结 新目标八年级英语上册语法复习1) leave 的用法 (多义词:离开;留下;遗忘)1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如: When did you leave Shanghai 你什么时候离开上海的?2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如: Next Friday Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。3.“leave+地点+for地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如: Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing
2、 你为什么要离开上海去北京?4 leave sth +地点 把某物遗忘在哪里I left my bags in the car. 我把包遗忘在车里。2) 情态动词 should “应该” 情态动词 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。 例如: You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如: You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should 的这一用法是考试中常常出
3、现的考点之一。例如: We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。3) What. 与 Which. 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是 what 仅用来询问 职业。如: What is your father 你父亲是干什么的? 该句相当于: What does your father do ?Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如: -Which is Peter 哪个是皮特? -The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背
4、后的那个男孩。 2. What. 是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;而 Which. 是特指, 所指的事物有范围的限制。如: What color do you like best(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色? Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? 你最喜爱哪一种颜色? (有特定的范围) 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些: always(总是,一直) often(常常,经常)never (从不) usually(通常) sometimes(有时候)2.频度副词的位置: a. 放在be动词、或情态动词后面。如:
5、 David is often late for school. He can often watch TV. b. 放在行为动词前。如: We usually go to school at 7:10 every day. c. never 放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如: Never have I been there.我从没到过那儿。5) every day 与 everyday 1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如: We go to school at 7:10 every day. I decide to read English every day.。2.
6、everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。 She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。 Whats your everyday activity 你的日常活动是什么?6) 什么是助动词 1帮助动词构成谓语的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。 例如: He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。 (doesnt 是助动词,无词义;like 是主要动词,有词义) Do you like college life 你喜欢大学生活吗?(do 是助动词,无词义
7、;like 是主要动词,) Did you study English before you came here 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?(did是构成过去时的助动词,无词义,;study 是主要动词,有词义) I dont like him. (dont 是助动词,无词义;like 是主要动词,有词义) Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。(do是助动词起加强语气作用),例如:He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。(did是助动词起加强语气作用)7) forget doing/to do 与 remember
8、doing/to do 1.forget to do 忘了要做某事(未做);forget doing 忘记做过某事 (已做) The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。 He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。Dont forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。典型例题 - The light in the office is still on. - Oh,I forgot_. A. turning it of
9、f B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案:C。2.remember to do 记得去做某事(未做); remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before 你不记得以前见过那个人吗8) Its +形容词+for sb.和Its +形容词+of sb 1. 若形容词表示事物的特征,就用for sb. 如: easy,
10、hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等:Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 Its very important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对于我们来说很重要2. 若形容词表示人物的性格,品德就用of sb, 如:good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。9) 对两个句子的提问 新目标英语在
11、命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作 法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如: 句子:The boy in blue has three pens. 提问:1. Who has three pens 2. Which boy has three pens 3. What does the boy in blue have 4. How many pens does the boy in blue have 很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。再如: 句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 o
12、n Sunday. 提问:1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday 2. Where does he usually go with his friends at8:00 on Sunday 3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday 4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday 5. What time does he usually go to
13、 the park with his friends on Sunday6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends10) so +形容词+a/an+名词。Such +a/an+形容词+名词 如: He is so funny a boy. = He is such a funny boy.Jim has so big a house. = Jim has such a big house.It is such a nice day. That was such an interesting story.11) 使用-ing 分
14、词的几种情况 1.在进行时态中。如: He is watching TV in the room. They were dancing at nine oclock last night. 2.在 there be 结构中。如: There is a boy swimming in the river. 3.在 have fun / problems / difficulty doing 结构中 (做某事有乐趣/ 问题/ 困难)。如: We have fun learning English this term. They had problems getting to the top of
15、the mountain. 4.在介词后面。如: Thanks for helping me. Are you good at playing basketball?He is thinking about going to London介词: at, in, on, over, above, under, below, from, to, up, down, through, acrossby, with, before, after,5.在以下结构中: enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事 finish doing sth 完成做某事 feel like doing sth 想要做某
16、事 try doing sth 试着做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 need doing sth 需要做某事 forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事 go on doing sth 继续做某事 mind doing sth 介意做某事 remember doing sth 记得做过某事 miss doing sth 错过做某事 like doing sth 喜欢做某事 practice doing sth 练习做某事keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事find
17、 sb doing sth 发现某人做某事 cant help doing sth禁不住做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事12)名词的复数构成的几种形式 名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 I 名词复数的规则变化 1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如: pear-pears hamburger-hamburgers desk-desks tree-trees 2.以字母-s -sh -ch -x 结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如: class-classes dish-dishes watch-watches box-boxes 3.以字母
18、-o 结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如: potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes其他以o结尾的单词复数加s.4.以辅音字母加-y 结尾的名词,将-y 变为-i再加-es。如: family-families dictionary-dictionaries city-cities country-countries 5.以字母-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,将-f 或-fe 变为-v,再加-es。如: half-halves leaf-leaves thief-thieves knife-knives self-selves wife-wives li
19、fe-lives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves loaf-loaves 但是: roof 屋顶-roofs serf 奴隶-serfs gulf 海湾-gulfs chief 首领-chiefs proof 证据-proofs belief信念-beliefsII 名词复数的不规则变化 1.将-oo 改为-ee。如: foot-feet tooth-teeth 2.将-man 改为-men。如: man-men woman-women policeman-policemen postman-postmen3.添加词尾。如: child-children 4.单复数同形。如
20、: sheep-sheep deer-deer fish-fish people-people 5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。 即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s 加后面”。如: Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen American-Americans Australian-Australians Canadian-Canadians Korean-Koreans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians 6.其它。如: mous
21、e-mice apple tree-apple trees man teacher-men teachers14)双写最后一个字母的-ing 分词 初中阶段常见的有以下这些: 1.letletting 让 forgetforgetting 忘记 hithitting 打、撞 putputting 放 cutcutting 切、割 setsetting 设置 getgetting 取、得到 babysitbabysitting sitsitting 坐 临时受雇照顾婴儿 shopshopping 购物 stopstopping 停止triptripping 绊倒,旅行 dropdropping
22、放弃beginbeginning 开始 swimswimming 游泳 preferpreferring 宁愿 runrunning 跑步planplanning 计划 digdigging 挖、掘15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词 1.some 变为 any。如: There are some birds in the tree.There arent any birds in the tree. / Are there any birds in the tree? 但是,若在表示请邀请、请求或者得到对方的肯定答复的句子中,some 可以不变。如: Would you like s
23、ome orange juice 与此相关的一些不定代词如 something somebody 等也要进行相应变为anything / anybody。. 2.already 变为 yet Already (已经,用于肯定句),Yet (还,已经,用于否定句)如: I have already been there.I haven t been there yet.16) in 与 after in 与 after 都可以表示过多久后”,但二者有所区别。 1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。如: He will leave for Beijing in a we
24、ek. 一周后他会动身去北京。2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间。如: He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他动身去了北京。 不过,如果 after 后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。如: We will finish the work after ten oclock.十点后我们会完成工作的。 3.注意区分以下的 in 的用法。 Ill visit him in a week. 一周后我会去拜访他。 Ill visit him twice in a week. 一周内我会去拜访他两次。17) 不定冠词 a 与 an
25、 的使用 1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 (切记是指的单词的首字母英标发音,而不能单独看是不是元音字母开头).如a useful book an hour an honest person a universe an uncle a one-letter word an umbrella an orange an egg18) 如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”? 英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些: 1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如: He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。 2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状
26、态。如: The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。 The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。3、dress 可作及物动词,有“给.穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是 “衣服”。如: Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。 dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如: The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。 4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如: John is in white t
27、oday.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。 The man in black is a football coach.19) a little ,a few 与 a bit / a bit of a little ,a few 与 a bit of 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别: 1. a little 意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词如: There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。 还可以接形容词。如: He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。 2. a few 意为“一些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词。如: There are
28、a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。 3. a bit 意为“一点儿”,后接形容词。如: Its a bit cold. 有点冷。a bit of 后接不可数名词。如: He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。4. a little 和 a few 表肯定意义,little 和 few 表否定意义;如: There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。 There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。 I have a few Chinese frien
29、ds. 我有一些中国朋友。 Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。 5. a little / a bit of 后接不可数名词; a little / a bit /a little bit / kind of 后还可接形容词,意为“有 点儿”。20) 关于 like 的用法 like 可以作动词,也可以作介词。 1、like 作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”,有泛指的含义。like doing表示习惯上喜欢干。like to do表示具体某一次喜欢去干。I like swimming but i dont like to swim today . Would you
30、 like sth / to do sth表示愿望或客气的请求。“你想要。/ 你想做。吗?如: Would you like a cup of tea 您愿意喝杯茶吗?Would you like to go shopping with me? 你想和我去购物吗 2、like 作介词,可译成“像.”。如: She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们.It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。3、区分以下句子:A. What does he look like? 他长相如何?(指一个人的外貌特征)B. What is he like?
31、 他人怎么样? (指人的性格特点)C. The boy like Peter is over there. (句指外貌相似)D. A boy like Peter cant do it. (指性格相似)21) stop to do sth 与stop doing sth1. stop to do sth 意为“停下正在做的去做另一件事”。如:The students stop to listen to their teacher.学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如:The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。与它们相反的句式是:go on to do sth “继续做另一件事(与刚才一事不同)”和go on doing sth “继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”
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