科技英语翻译教案学生版.docx

1、科技英语翻译教案学生版科技英语翻译科技英语常用句型的翻译1. 表示假设、前提之类的句子（1）Let ABC be an angle of 90.（2）Suppose that a ray of light is directed from below the surface in Fig.41-1.（3）In Fig.1-3, assume that the weight of the members is negligible.Given that Provided /providing that Consider that Refer to Take for granted2. 表示方程运

2、算的说明文字的翻译Given Find / Determine to be obtained Procedure / SolutionDerive Neglect / can be negligible can / could be written (as) Where （1） Given: The cantilever truss shown in Fig.5. Find: The external relations and internal forces in members L1 and L2.Procedure: The roller support provides only ho

3、rizontal support; the other provides a vertical and horizontal support, as shown below in the free-body diagram 6.（2）Draw a free-body diagram of portions AB and BC. Neglect the weight of the members.（3）There is an equivalence between mass and energy that was first expressed by Albert Einstein:E = mc

4、where m is the mass of an object, c is the speed of light, and E is the energy of the object.3. 单位的换算（1）温度（2）长度与重量三、机器设备常用说明文字翻译举例上、下： 左、右：向前、向后： 顺时针：逆时针： 手动、自动：预选： 预置：遥控（开关）： （电流）导通、断路：启动、停车： 开、关：入口、出口： 点火：电源： 信号灯：报警： 通气塞：接地： 自动送进：纵向、横向： 自动定尺寸：调整皮带时箭头朝上：装配时对准记号：每月加润滑油一次：此盖打开前切断电源：警告：戴防护眼镜：高压危险：注意：如

5、果仪器准备长期不用或电池已用完时应将电池取出：冠词一、冠词的一般用法Iron is a metal.A magnet in a magnetic field will be subject to a force.If a voltage is applied across the terminals of a closed circuit, a current will flow in the circuit.A magnet has an S pole and an N pole.An 18-volt battery must be used here.二、冠词的翻译方法A computer

6、 consists of several units.An example follows.Here, X is a variable.The proof of the theorem is very complicated.连词一、 并列连词and1. and词义的判断方法 （1）当and连接两个名词或两个短语时，一般译为“和”、“与”、“并且”等。Small switches control lamps and radios.This computer is large and complicated. （2）当and连接两个动词或两个分句时，译为“并且”、“同时”、“于是”、“从而”、“

7、因此”等。In practice, the transformer is not ideal, and power losses occur in it.A sodium wire will burn in chlorine and produce salt. （3）and在句首起承上启下作用时，可译为“于是”、“那么”、“同时”等；还可表示对比，译为“而”。And something unusual happened.Certain materials, such as silver and copper, have many free electrons. And some materia

8、ls have practically no free electrons. （4）有些情况下，and可以不译出来，特别是当它与go, come, try, pause, stop, stay, write, write, run, send, hurry up等动词连用表示目的时，与后面的动词一起等同于一个动词不定式。Before we do this, we should pause and consider.Now let us go one step further and differentiate the unit step function.In this section, we

9、 set down and illustrate some of the rules of Boolean algebra.2. 判断and连接的成分：Chapter 3 introduces the electron theory of metals and the elements of wave mechanics.Chemists have been using the laws of the atom and of heat transfer to deal with the reactions they study.Note that Eq.(5) is similar to Eq

10、.(2) and that Eq.(6) has the same form.Another point of view which may be adopted, and which is sometimes more convenient, is illustrated in Fig. 3-5. 二、 并列连词or1. or词义的判断方法（1） 表示选择，译为“或，或者”Accuracy is expressed as absolute error or relative error.（2） 表示同位关系，“即，也就是，也就是说，或者说，换句话说”The center, or nucleu

11、s, of an atoms contains positively charged particles called protons.There are three main laws of mechanics or three laws of Newton.The greater the resistivity, the greater the field needed to establish a given current density, or the smaller the current density caused by a given field.（3）表示“否则，要不然”C

12、omputers are particularly useful in such systems as telemetry, where signals must be quickly recorded or be lost.It is important for the reader to learn and understand the basic concepts presented here, or the development and the applications of later topics will be difficult to comprehend.2. or的一个特

13、殊句型：Rockets do not operate by “pushing” against the air, or anything else.动词一、动词的分类In this case, the input goes low while the output stays high.In the universe, there appear to be only two kinds of electric charge.It must not be thought that each collision causes the reaction indicated.Organic subst

14、ances contain carbon.二、代动词Bones absorb the X rays much more than do the soft skin and muscle tissue.Ohms law applies to organic tissues as well as it does to wires and resistors.We might further ask how long it will be before the stone hits the water. When it does, it will be 10 m below the bridge.T

15、he number of neutrons may vary and often does.三、情态动词的两个特殊句型1cannot 或 “can + scarcely等否定副词”In doing an experiment, one cannot be careful enough.We cannot emphasize too strongly that the principles of chemistry derive from experiment.2could + 动词完成时This equation could have been solved by factoring.Such

16、 a particle may be moving along a straight path at constant speed.练习：一、 将下列句子译成汉语，注意冠词的用法。1. In this case, the current （电流）exists for only half the cycle（周期）.2. In such a case there is no current flowing in the circuit（电路）.3. Sensitivity（灵敏度）is a measure of how small a signal（信号）a receiver（接收机）can p

17、ick up and amplify（放大）to a level for communications.4. Nonlinear distortion（非线性失真）can be caused by too large an input signal.5. The method used is quite an effective one.二、 将下列句子译成汉语，注意and和or的确切含义。1. Air has weight and occupies space.2. In this way less collector dissipation（集电极功耗）results, and the e

18、fficiency increases.3. We can go one step further and take into account the nonzero slope of the actual curves. 4. The first step in analyzing a physical situation is to select those aspects of it which are essential and disregard the others.5. Geothermal energy, or energy from within the earth, can

19、 be used to generate electricity.6. Input may be supplied via punched paper tape or magnet tape.三、将下列句子译成汉语，注意动词的类别。1. When an electric current flows through a wire, the wire will get hot.2. That statement sounds natural.3. The water in the middle pipe will stand lower and thus indicates a lower pre

20、ssure.4. It takes a body（物体）precisely as long to fall from a height h as it does to rise that high.5. We cannot exaggerate the danger of attempting a short circuit directly across a voltage source.数词一、 不确定的分数表示法公式：a few/several + tenths/hundredths/thousandths/millionths (+of +a/an+单位)The voltage acr

21、oss the capacitor is a few tenths of a volt.The current through the resistor is several thousandths of an ampere.二、 表示较小分数值的公式分子为“基数词+parts”（基数词为1时，则用单数形式part），分母为“in a/one +数词”或“per+数词”。The error is 3 parts in a million ( = 3 parts per million).The capacitance will decrease by 750 parts per million

22、 per each degree rise in temperature.三、 分数、倍数、百分数修饰名词的句型1 分数/倍数/百分数 + the +名词2 分数/倍数/百分数 + that +后置定语（常为of短语）3 分数/倍数/百分数 + what从句The Fahrenheit degree is only 5/9 the size of the Celsius degree.In this case the risk of lung cancer falls to 30 to 50 percent that of smokers.At this angular speed, the

23、man will weigh four times what he does in his normal 1g environment.四、 表示倍数增减的句型1n times + 形容词比较级 = n times + as +形容词原级as （n表示具体数字）This machine is five times heavier that that one.The speed of the particles is 5.6 ft/sec. The speed of the wave, however, is 36 ft/sec, over six times greater.2increase

24、 + (by) n times / n fold / by a factor of n (n表示具体数字) From 1990 to 2000 the production of computers was increased (by) six times.Since the first transatlantic telephone cable was laid, the annual total of telephone calls between UK and Canada has increased seven fold.In this case, its gain will be i

25、ncreased by a factor of 5. 代词一、形容词性物主代词作定语1. 所属关系The energy of a body is its power to do work.The size and cost of electronic devices have been reduced, and their performance, reliability and efficiency have been greatly improved.2主表关系Because of its simplicity, this circuit is widely used in power s

26、upplies.Water and carbon dioxide are among the substances that absorb in the infrared. Their presence in the atmosphere has an insulating effect.3. 主谓关系(1) 被修饰的名词来源于不及物动词It is estimated that during the 5 billion years of its existence, the core of our sun has used about half of its original supply o

27、f hydrogen.Wherever these high-energy particles come from, their collisions with the atoms of our upper atmosphere give rise to the formation of showers of new particles.（2）被修饰的名词来源于及物动词This property justifies our choice of the above constant as positive.Aikens machine was limited in speed by its us

28、e of relays rather than electronic devices.4. 动宾关系（有时也可看成被动的主谓关系）These equations are called differential equations, and their study forms one of the most challenging branches of mathematics.Many scientists have worked at the theory of magnetism since its discovery.Attention focuses on the floated gy

29、roscopes because of their utilization as an essential component in ballistic missiles. 二、代词的代后问题1形容词性物主代词经常会出现在句首的介词短语中，以代替后面作主语的名词。Because of its capacity to handle large volumes of data in a very short time, a computer may be the only means of resolving problems when time is limited. In their stud

30、y of electricity, physicists defined the electric field intensity E at a point in space as E=F/q. 2人称代词出现在主句前的从句中，一般代替后面主句中的主语。When they got hot, all metals melt.Before it can work, a computer must be told what to do.Although it has been a long time coming, a greater marriage of the monolithic and h

31、ybrid technologies is inevitable.3第一个并列分句或状语从句中的it （一般是主语）可以代替后面一个并列分句或主句的整个含义。It cannot be proved here, but the rational numbers do not take up all the positions on the line.Surprising as it may seem, this was the first direct verification of the reality of molecules.练习一、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中分数和倍数的正确译法。1. The standard meter is accurate to about two parts in one billion.2. Cromatographic（层析的）techniques have been developed to detect air pollutants at concentrations（浓度）of one part per million or less.3. The volume coefficient（体膨胀系数）of a solid is almost exactly three times its linear coefficient.4