第10讲不定式用法班课.docx

1、第10讲 不定式用法班课（5-10分钟）1 不定式的构成不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：一般式to do被动式to be done 完成式to have done 完成被动式 to have been done进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing 其否定形式是由not加不定式构成。如：His works are said to have been translated into many languages. 据说他的作品被译成了多种文字。He pr

2、etended to be reading when his mother came in. 当他母亲进来时，他假装在看书。His sister told him not to read in the sun. 他的姐姐让他不要在阳光下看书。Mother made him get up early yesterday. 昨天母亲让他起得很早。2. 不定式的主动与被动形式（1） 一般说来，如果不定式的修饰成分是其动作的发出者，动词不定式用主动形式，如果是其动作的承受者，则用被动式。但是有些情况下要注意：在have something to do中如果主语是动词不定式的动作发出者，则用主动式，如果

3、主语不是动词不定式的动作发出者，则不定式用被动式have something to be done。例如：1. I have a question to ask. 我有个问题要问。 2. I am going to Beijing tomorrow.Do you have anything to be taken? 我明天要去北京，你有东西要带吗?（2）在不定式作定语时，如果句中有其动作发出者用主动形式，在there be句型中也常用不定式的主动形式但是如果强调动作本身，用被动式也可以。例如：1. Give me something to eat, please. 请给我点东西吃。 2. Th

4、ere are many plans to make/ to be made. There is nothing to do/to be done. 但是：There is nothing to speak of. 不要用to be spoken of There is plenty to eat. 不要用to be eaten.3. 疑问词跟不定式的结构动词不定式可以和疑问词搭配构成不定式短语，在句子中可做主语，宾语，表语。例如：How to solve the problem is a big problem.(做主语)I dont know what to do next step.(做

5、宾语)What made me confused was how to do the work well.(做表语)” （20-30分钟）动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如：To learn a skill is very important for everyone in todays society.也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。例如：It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. It isadj.

6、/ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如：It is interesting to play this game. It is necessary for you to change your job. It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short

7、 time.考例1：Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?A. now B. man C. that D. it用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. It is good manners for the young to give their seats

8、 to the old. 2. It isadj.of sb.to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如：How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue! It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house. How silly it was of you to give

9、up such a good chance!3. It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 二、作表语动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is及The next step/ measure is 等。例如：Your job is to type the papers in the office. The next measure is to stop the river from

10、being polluted.三、作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。 例如：They decided to build a highway between these two cities. She offered to help me when I was in trouble.believe, think, consider

11、, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如：I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work. She felt it her duty to help the old woman.四、作宾补可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。例如：The doctor advised

12、her no to eat too much sugar. I wish you to go to the meeting with me.believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后可接to be型不定式作宾补。例如：He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生。 The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证

13、实他是小偷。hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如：【误】I hope my son to be back soon.【正】I hope my son will be back soon.【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.【正】She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五

14、看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如：Who made him work all night long? 但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。例如：He was seen to break the window.五、作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。例如：Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability,

15、attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。例如：But she gave up the chance to go abroad.由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?六、作状语动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如：We went there to see our grandparents.（目的

16、） I am very sorry to hear that.（原因） She hurried home only to find her father dead.（结果） To look at the picture, you would like it.（条件）作目的状语，还可以使用in order to或so as to。例如：The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.结果状语还可以使用enough to, tooto, soas to, such as to等结构。例如：He got up too late

17、 to miss the early bus. She was in such a hurry as not to notice me. 她如此匆忙，以致没有注意到我。（10-15分钟）有关不定式的练习题:1. He is said to _ to his country because a new president comes into power.A. be allowed to returnB. allow to returnC. allow returningD. be allowed returning2. He spoke in such a high voice _ at th

18、e further end of the room.A. as to be heard B. to be heard C. as to hear D. to hear3. - Why was the official meeting called?- _ new officers.A. Select B. Selecting C. To select D. To have select4. In Australia, he made a lot of friends _ a practical knowledge of the English language.A. to get B. get

19、 C. getting D. got5. To play fair is as important as _ .A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well6. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B. eating C. to meet D. to have met7. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.A. ride, ride B

20、. riding, rideC. ride, to rideD. to ride, riding8. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _ .A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to9. - Do you work in the lab every afternoon?- No, but sometimes, I wish I _ .A. had time to B. had time to do C. have time t

21、o D. have time10. Ill do whatever I can _ my English.A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving11. Could you tell me the way youve thought of _ ?A. to do it B. doing it C. do it D. has to do it12. He was often listened _ in the next room.A. sing B. sung C. to to sing D. to singing13. Woul

22、d you be _ shut the window?A. enough kind toB. kind enough not toC. kind enough toD. so kind enough as to14. Dont take the medicine, it cant help _ rid of your cold.A. getting B. to get C. to getting D. gets15. My grandmother seems to have a lot _ .A. worry about B. to worry C. to be worried D. to w

23、orry about16. Every minute is made full _ of _ our lessons.A. to use, study B. use, studying C. useful, to study D. use, to study17. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone18. You shouldnt allow _ games

24、near the classroom, for its too noisy.A. student playing B. play C. students to play D. to play19. The waiter was made _ to the guest.A. apologize B. apologizing C. to apologize D. to be apologizing20. Whom would you rather _ the work?A. to have to do B. to have do C. have to doD. have do21. I had m

25、eant _ on you, but I was so busy.A. call B. to call C. calling D. be calling22. - Do you often have someone_ your clothes?- Yes, I often have them _ .A. wash, to washB. to wash, washedC. washed, washD. wash, washed23. She actually heard about it, but he pretended_ .A. to hear not B. not hearing C. t

26、o not hear D. not to24. Pieces of bamboo or wood _ books between 2nd and 5th century AD.A. used to formed B. used to form C. were used to form D. used to be forming25. -Why did you move the table over there?- _ the new sofa?A. Share room with B. To make room for C. Given room for D. Saving room for2

27、6. A middle-aged woman came _ to the bus stop only _ the bus had gone.A. to run, finding B. running, to find C. and ran, found D. running, find27. To know what is good and _ are two different things.A. knowing what is wrong B. do what is rightC. to do what is right D. doing what is right28. Smith ap

28、pears _ a long time. He is impatient for my arrival.A. to wait B. to be waiting C. to have waited D. to have been waiting29. Our professor has just come back from aboard. He seems _ his trip very much.A. to enjoy B. to have enjoyed C. to be enjoying D. to have been enjoying30. - Why has Jack not come yet now? Anything wrong with him? - He didnt pass the test but he still _.A. hopes so B. hopes that C. hopes to D. hopes it（5分钟）（留给学生写：对本节课方法、模型、思路、公式、原理进行提炼和总结，并让学生牢记） 课后作业可以在练习题里选，题量根据学生接受能力而定，建议完成时间控制30分钟以内答案部分1-5 AACAA6-10 CCAAB11-15 ACCBD1620 DBCCD21-25 BDDCB26-30 BCDBC