手足口Hand foot mouth.docx

1、手足口Hand foot mouth手足口（Hand foot mouth）Recognizing hand foot mouth diseaseHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common disease in infants and children. Characterized by fever, mouth ulcers, and herpes. The initial symptoms of fever, loss of appetite, and often accompanied by sore throat discomfort

2、. 1-2 days after fever oral ulcer, began as a small red and then often become ulcers herpes. Oral herpes is common in the tongue, gums, and buccal mucosa. 1-2 days after visible skin rash, some herpes, rash does not itch, common in the palm of your hand and foot, also found in the buttocks.Symptoms

3、of hand, foot and mouth disease1, acute onset, fever;2, the oral mucosa appeared scattered in herpes, grain size, pain obvious;3, palms or soles of the feet appear in the size of the size of herpes, hip or knee may even be involved;4. There is an inflammatory blush around the bleb. There is less flu

4、id in the blister;5, some patients may be accompanied by cough, runny nose, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headacheIs hand, foot and mouth disease serious?Usually not serious. Almost all patients recover without treatment. HFMD usually heal in 7-10 days. Complications are uncommon. Very few pat

5、ients can develop aseptic or viral meningitis with symptoms of fever, headache, straight neck or back pain, which require hospitalization for a period of time.What kind of people are susceptible to hand, foot and mouth disease?The population was generally susceptible to hand, foot and mouth disease

6、virus, and all age groups could be infected. However, the disease prevention practice showed that the patients were mainly preschool children, especially those under 3 years of age.incubation periodThe incubation period of the disease is 27 days, and the source of infection consists of patients and

7、those with latent infection. During the epidemic, patients were the main source of infection. In the acute phase of the disease, the patient can excrete the virus from the pharynx; there is a large amount of virus in the herpes fluid, and the virus overflows during the break; the patient can still e

8、xcrete the virus from the stool several weeks after the disease.Source of infectionHand, foot and mouth disease is the source of infection patients and hidden infection. During the epidemic, patients are the main source of infection. The patient discharges the virus from the pharynx 12 weeks after t

9、he onset of the disease, and the virus is expelled from the stool for about 35 weeks. A large number of viruses are present in the herpes fluid and the virus overflows when the virus breaks. Drug users and light emitting cases are the main sources of epidemic intermittent and epidemic.Communication

10、modeThe disease is transmitted in a variety of ways, mainly through close contact among people. The virus caused by saliva, herpes fluid, feces contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, utensils, milk and bedding, underwear and other indirect contact transmission; throat secretion

11、 and saliva in patients with the virus can be transmitted by droplets; such as contact by the virus pollution of water, water or infection; the clinic cross infection and poor instrument disinfection is also one of the reasons for the spread of.Susceptible populationThe population is generally susce

12、ptible to enterovirus causing hand foot and mouth disease, and immunity is acquired after infection. Due to the different disease after infection antibody prototype dont lack of cross protection, therefore, people can be repeatedly infected adults have mostly been infected by a recessive antibodies,

13、 therefore, patients with HFMD mainly for preschool children, especially in less than 3 year old age group had the highest incidence. According to foreign reports, it is popular every 23 years in the population.Clinical manifestations: hand, foot and mouth disease is a enterovirus disease, incubatio

14、n period is generally 3-7 days, there is no obvious precursor symptoms: most patients suddenly onset. The main invasion of hand, foot, mouth, buttocks, four parts; clinical more painless, no itching, no scab, no scarring of the four non characteristics. Early may have mild flu symptoms. Because oral

15、 ulcer pain, children with salivation antifeedant. Oral mucosa rash appeared relatively early, initially as miliary maculopapular rash or blisters, surrounded by flush, mainly located in the tongue and cheeks, lips side also occurs. Hand, foot and distal parts appear or flat or convex class papules

16、or herpes rash, no itching, rash in 5 days from red to dark, then subsided; herpes were round or oval flat convex, with long diameter and turbid liquid, sticks to the agreement, such as soybeans of varying size, generally no the pain and itching, leaving no trace after healing.Hand, foot and mouth l

17、esions in the same patient may not all appear. Blisters and rashes usually subside within a week.Six. What are the complications caused by hand, foot and mouth disease?Hand, foot and mouth disease is manifested in the skin and mouth, but the virus can invade the heart, brain, kidney and other import

18、ant organs. When the disease is prevalent, it is necessary to strengthen the clinical monitoring of the patient. If there is a high fever and unknown white blood cells, other infectious lesions can not be found. We should be alert to the outbreak of fulminant myocarditis. With aseptic meningitis, th

19、e symptoms have a fever, headache, vomiting, stiff neck, easy irritability, sleep is not stable; the body can occasionally nonspecific red papules, even spotting point. People with central nervous system symptoms are more common in children under 2 years of age.If there is no complication, foot and

20、mouth disease in children in most weeks can be cured. Treatment principle is mainly symptomatic treatment, under the guidance of doctors taking vitamin B2, C and antiviral drugs. In addition, hand, foot and mouth disease can be combined with myocarditis, encephalitis, meningitis and other diseases,

21、should be reviewed in a timely manner.1 、 disinfection and isolationOnce infected with hand, foot and mouth disease, the baby should be in time for medical treatment, to avoid contact with the outside world, generally need to isolate 2 weeks.Baby used items should be thoroughly disinfected: can be s

22、oaked with chlorine disinfectant, not soaked items can be placed in the sun exposure.The babys room should be regularly ventilated windows, to keep the air fresh and in circulation, the temperature appropriate. Conditioned families use lactic acid fumigation to disinfect the air every day. Reduce th

23、e number of personnel in and out of the babys room, prohibit smoking, prevent air pollution, and avoid secondary infection.2, diet nutritionIf you get sick in the summer, the baby is likely to cause dehydration and electrolyte disorders, you need proper water and nutrition.Bao Baoyi is in bed for 1

24、weeks and drink plenty of warm water.Children due to fever, oral herpes, poor appetite, reluctant to eat. Should be given to the baby to eat light, warm, delicious, easy to digest, soft liquid or semi fluid, fasting cold, spicy, salty and other pungent food.3 、 oral careBecause the baby oral pain an

25、d Antifeedant, salivation, crying sleepless, to keep the baby clean mouth, before and after meals with saline gargle, gargle of baby can use cotton swab dipped in saline gently clean the mouth.Vitamin B can be directly applied to jral powder 2 parts, coated or Cod Liver Oil, also oral vitamin B 2, v

26、itamin C, supplemented by ultrasonic atomizing inhalation, to relieve pain, promote healing of erosion, prevention of secondary bacterial infection.4, skin rash nursingBaby clothes, bedding to clean, clothing to be comfortable, soft, often replaced.Cut your babys nails and wrap the babys hands when

27、necessary to prevent scratching.A baby with a rash at the buttocks should clean up his stool at any time and keep his hips clean and dry.Hand and foot rash early can be coated with Calamine Lotion, to form herpes or herpes ulceration can be coated with 0.5% iodophor.Keep your skin clean and prevent

28、infection.Children with hand, foot and mouth disease are generally low or moderate fever, without special treatment, can let the baby drink plenty of water.Body temperature between 37.5 degrees to 38.5 degrees between the baby, to give heat, drink plenty of warm water, warm water bath, and other phy

29、sical cooling.To summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of severe hand foot mouth disease (HFMD) complicated with encephalitis. Methods a total of 362 patients with HFMD, including 9 cases with encephalitis, were analyzed. The clinical manifestations, treatment protocols and

30、 clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results early treatment with dehydration, hormone, intravenous immunoglobulin and so on, all the children were cured, and there was no sequela of the nervous system. Conclusion the cases of severe HFMD with encephalitis are progressing rapidly, and the early clinica

31、l manifestations are more insidious. If the disease can be detected early and intervened in time, the prognosis will be good.keyword hand foot mouth disease; encephalitis treatmentFoot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease caused by a variety of intestinal virus, to infant good hai

32、r, the majority of children with fever, hand, foot, mouth and other parts of the rash or herpes as the main performance, a few cases complicated by encephalitis, myocarditis, pulmonary edema, etc. Individual cases of severe illness, rapid progress, prone to death. Caused by enterovirus HFMD including new enterovirus EV71, Coxsackie virus A CoxA16, ECHO virus etc. The proportion of severe cases caused by the new enterovirus EV71 infection is high, and EV71 infection is different from CoxA16 infection. It is characterized by a high proportion of neurological complications. The clinical