河南专升本语法与阅读讲义2很全.docx

1、河南专升本语法与阅读讲义2很全2011河南专升本语法与阅读讲义（2）（很全）八一致原则主谓一致1.1学科名称，疾病名称+单数谓语Electronics，mechanics，classics，linguistics，economics，physics，mathematicsMeasles(麻疹)，mumps(流行性腮腺炎)，arthritis(关节炎)，appendicitis(盲肠炎)1.2专有名词+单数谓语NewYorkTimes，theUnitedStatesofAmericatheUnitedNations，TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn1.3时间，距离，价

2、值，量度的复数名词+单数谓语Threehoursisnotenough.Tenmilesistoolong.Onehundreddollarsistoomuch.1.4主语+附件成分附加成分为with;alongwith；togetherwith；besides；aswellas；inadditionto；accompaniedby；ratherthan；but，此时谓语和前面的主语保持一致。1.5and连接两个名词做主语时，谓语用复数，除以下情况Warandpeace(Loveandhate)isaconstantthemeinliterature战争与和平是文学中永恒的主题。Warandp

3、eace是一对概念，看作一个主题。1.6连词or，either.or.，neither.nor.,notonly.butalso.连接两个名词时，谓语与邻近的名词一致NotonlyhebutalsoIaminterestedinthelecture1.7由neither,either修饰名词作主语，动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句做主语时+单数谓语1.8集体名词作主语时，如指概念，谓语用单数；如指其具体成员，谓语用复数ThepopulationinthepoorregionisincreasingveryfastOnefourthofthepopulationherearefarmers1.9m

4、anya+单数名词后接单数谓语Manyastudenthasmadesuchamistake.更多精彩内容请访问天一专升本培训官网2.时态一致讲过去的事情，那么这个过去的事情中出现的时态就是过去时态，除非作者发表评论可以用现在时态。在宾语从句中，如果主语是过去时，那么从句中也是过去的某种时态Hesaidthathewouldcometoday(thenextday)3肯定与否定一致主要指用so或者neither来附议前面的人。MyhusbandiskeenonfootballandsoamI.HedoesntlikepopmusicandneitherdoI.IlikeittooIdontli

5、keiteither(rarely,seldom，never,hardly,scarcely,little)IrarelygotoafilmNeitherdoesmywife4.代词一致主要是后面的所有格或宾格与前面的代词一致。Westudentsmustspendmostoftheirtimestudying5平行结构平行结构主要指结构上的一致。比如都做宾语，不能一会是不定式，一会是动名词；必须要么全是不定式，要么全是动名词当用and，but，both.and，neither.nor,eitheror，notonlybutalso.,than等并列连词时，其连接的成分是平行结构。语法结构和作

6、用应相同。Heisalawyer,apoliticianandheteaches.Heisyoung,handsomeandmanypeoplelikehim.Helikestofish,swimandsurfing.Heiscriticizedforhiscarelessnessandbeingrude.例题:1. Thecaptain,aswellasthecoaches,_impressedbytheexcellent performanceoftheteam.A)was B)had C)were D)be2. Thedisabled_taughttradesinspecialschoo

7、ls.A)is B)are C)had D)has3. Anumberofforeigntourists_goingtovisitthevillagetomorrow.A)are B)is C)be D)was4. Thenumberofautomobiles_tobelimitedlestthetraffic becometoocrowded.A)is B)are C)have D)be5. Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelse_thetruthofthemurder.A)know B)knows C)isknowing D)areknowing6. Icanhardl

8、ystandtheairpollutioninthiscity._A)SodoI. B)NeitherdoI.C)SocanI. D)NeithercanI.7.Doyouwanttohaveteaorcoffee?Oh,_.A)eitherdoeswell B)eachisgoodC)eachwillbefine D)eitherwilldo8. HeisoneofthetennisplayersinChinawho_thischampionship.A)havewon B)haswonC)iswinning D)waswinning9. Heistheonlyoneofthetennisp

9、layersinChinawho_this championship.A)havewon B)haswonC)iswinning D)waswinning10. Manyastudentandteacher_makingeveryefforttoprepareforthecomingtest.A)were B)are C)is D)has11. Onehundreddollars_abigsumofmoneyforaboyoften.A)seems B)seem C)views D)view12. Aseriesofstampsinmemoryoftherevolutionarymartyrs

10、_be releasedsoon.A)aregoingto B)isgoingtoC)willgoingto D)willto13. Myfamily_livedinthishouseeversinceIwasborn.A)has B)have C)is D)are14. Oneorperhapsmorebooks_missing.A)is B)are C)has D)have15. Whatwehaveseenandheard_consistenttothereport.A)are B)is C)has D)have更多精彩内容请访问天一专升本培训官网九倒装结构一、副词提前+谓语+主语Her

11、ecomesthebusThereontheroofofthehousestoodacock.二、否定的状语放句首要倒装never,rarely,seldom,little，hardly,notonlybutalso，notuntil，nosoonerthan，scarcelywhen，onnoaccount，bynomeans，innocase，undernocircumstances，atnotime，nowhereNotuntilmidnightdidtheyfinallycomebackhomeUndernocircumstanceswilltheycancelthefootballm

12、atchNosooner(Scarcely)hadthebellrungthan(when)thearrivedatthe classroom三、only强调状语放句首OnlythendidtheyrealizewhataterriblethinghadhappenedOnlybyluckdidtheyescapetheearthquake.四.虚拟语气中省略if则从句倒装HadIknownwhatwasgoingtohappen,Iwouldneverhavedone suchathing.本来为：IfIhadknownwhat.Shoulditsnow,wewouldgoskiing.本来

13、为:Ifitshouldsnow五.句首为so,tosuchadegree,tosuchanextent,tosucha point,表示“如此”的状语，后面主谓倒装.Sofunnydidhelookthateveryonestaredatfilm.TosuchanextentwerepeopleexcitedthattheycelebratedthroughoutthenightthesuccessofBeijingsbidforhostingthe2008sOlympicGames.例题：1. _stresstheimportanceofthetestagain.A)LittleneedI

14、 B)LittleIneedC)LittledidIneed D)LittleneedIto2. _thetroublestarted.A)HardlyhadheleftthanB)NosoonerhadheleftwhenC)ScarcelyhadheleftwhenD)Nolongerhadheleftthan3. Theysearchedforhours,but_befound.A)atnotimecouldthemissingchildB)nowherecouldthemissingchildC)nowherethemissingchildcouldD)innocasecouldthe

15、missingchild4. Sobadlydidhewritetheletter_.A)whenIcouldntreadit B)asIcouldntreaditC)soIcouldntreadit D)thatIcouldntreadit5. Notonly_whattodo,buthealsolentmethemoney.A)headvisedme B)didheadvisemeC)doesheadviseme D)headvisesme6. Onlybyshoutingatthetopofhisvoice_.A)washeabletomakehimselfhearB)hewasable

16、tomakehimselfhearC)hewasabletomakehimselfheardD)washeabletomakehimselfheard更多精彩内容请访问天一专升本培训官网十虚拟语气一、虚拟语气的基本构成虚拟语气在英文里表达：a.假设的事实就是反事实b.一种不可实现的愿望，也就是异想天开。c.强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。虚拟语气表现在动词上的基本形式：1. 对过去事情的虚拟从句谓语主要形式：had+过去分词主句谓语主要形式：would，could，might+现在完成时IfIhadgonetoAmericawhenI

17、graduatedfrommiddleschool，I wouldhavegotmyPhDdegree2. 对现在情况的虚拟从句谓语主要形式：一般过去时主句谓语主要形式：would,could，might+动词原形IfIwereBillGates，Iwouldnotworkssohardeveryday3. 对将来情况的可能性的虚拟从句谓语主要形式：should(wereto)+动词原形主句谓语主要形式：would,could，might+动词原形Ifitshould/weretosnowtomorrow,Iwouldgoskiing二、虚拟语气的考点1. Iwish表达我但愿，我要是多好if

18、only后面可以不加主句IfonlyIwereyouwouldrather宁可，但愿Iwouldratherthatyoupaintedtheroomgreenwouldassoon用法与wouldrather相同。2. Its(abouthigh)timethat，从句一般用一般过去时ItstimeyouwenttobedItshightimethatwetookaction3. asifasthough表示“似乎、好象”它有可能是真实的，也可能虚拟的，根据上下文来决定。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain看起来要下雨。(真实情况)Hetalksasifhewerethebo

19、ss他说起话来就象他是老板。(他实际上不是老板，虚拟)4. 表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等十that+(should)十动词原形advise(advice)，agree(agreement)，decide(decision)，decree，demand，determine(determination)，grant，indicate(indication)，insist(insistence)，order,prefer(preference),propose(proposal),request,require(requirement)，resolve(resolution)，stipulate(s

20、tipulation)，urge，vote,allow,arrange，ask，beg，concede，demonstrate，ensure，intend，move，pledge，pray5. Itiswas+形容词+that+(should)+V原形这些形容词表示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性。advisable，anxious，appropriate，compulsory,crucial，desirable，eager,essential，fitting，imperative，impossible，improper,natural，necessary,obligatory,pref

21、erable，proper,urgent，vital，willing注意：表示不可思议、滑稽、不可想象、令人吃惊这样的形容词如amazing，strange，odd,ridiculous，surprising，unthinkable等后的that从句中一般should不省略.例题：1. Wedemandedthatwe_ofanychangeintheplan.A)informed B)wouldbeinformedC)beinformed D)hadbeeninformed2. Itsnecessarythathe_arecognizedqualification.A)has B)have

22、C)had D)having3. Itshightimewe_ourattentiontothisproblem.A)turned B)turn C)hadturned D)wouldturn4. Ifonlyyou_himwhatIsaid!Everythingwouldhavebeenall right.A)didnttold B)hadnttoldC)wouldnottell D)wouldhavenottold5. Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_herethen.A)wouldhavebeen B)hadbeenC)shouldhavebeen D)coul

23、dbe6. Muchlabourwouldhavebeensavediftheelectroniccomputers _before.A)hadinvented B)wereinventedB)shouldhavebeeninvented D)hadbeeninvented7. _ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.A)Weretheyto B)CouldtheyC)Ifthey D)Wouldthey8. Fiveminutesearlier,andwe_thelastbus.A)hadcaught B)shouldhavec

24、aughtC)couldhavecaught D)caught9. You_theclothes!Wehaveawasherwomantodothatsortof thing.A)shouldnthavewashed B)mustnthavewashedC)cannothavewashed D)neednthavewashed10. Jeandoesntwanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe _ajobsheprobablywouldntbeabletoseeherfriendsvery often.A)hastoget B)weretoget

25、C)hadgot D)couldhavegot11. Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_ himself.A)injure B)hadinjuredC)injured D)wouldinjure12. Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios_ after11oclockatnight.A)werenotplayed B)nottoplayC)notbeplayed D)didnotplay13. Youdonthavetobeinsuchahurry.1wouldratheryou

26、_on businessfirst.(98-1-59)A)wouldgo B)willgo C)went D)havegone14. Itisimportantthatenoughmoney_tofundtheproject.A)becollected B)mustbecollectedC)wascollected D)canbecollected15. Ifonlythecommittee_theregulationsandputtheminto effect assoonaspossible.A)approve B)willapproveC)canapprove D)wouldapprove16. IdontthinkitadvisablethatTom_tothejobsincehehasno experience.A)isassigned B)willbeassignedC)beassigned D)hasbeenassigned