黄金押题04 短文改错高考英语黄金押题.docx

1、黄金押题04 短文改错高考英语黄金押题2019年4月【高考考纲】1.材料常取自学生作文或者类似作文，话题多涉及学生的日常生活2从词法、句法和语篇三个方面来考查考生的语言综合运用能力，兼顾考查句子结构的分析能力和习惯搭配词法方面：错误涉及名词、冠词、代词、介词、形容词和副词、动词的时态和语态，非谓语动词等方面；多词、缺词方面涉及冠词、代词、介词、不定式符号to等句法方面：主要涉及连词或主谓一致语篇方面：上下文的一致性，如时态的一致、代词的一致以及行文逻辑的一致等【真题感悟】 设错点1谓语动词时态误用与动词形式用错1(2017全国卷)Before getting into the car，I th

2、ought I had learned the instructors orders，but once I started the car，my mind goes blank. _goeswent_ 2(2017全国卷)When summer came，they will invite their students to pick the vegetables ！_camecomes_ 详细分析：句意：当春天来临，他们就会邀请他们的学生摘新鲜的蔬菜。主句是一般将来时，故when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词用一般现在时。3(2017全国卷)I had grown not only physica

3、lly，but also mentally in the past few years. _hadhave_ 详细分析：句意：在过去的几年中我的身心都成长了。句中时间状语是in the past few years，故谓语动词用现在完成时。4(2016全国卷)I thought it a good idea.It does not cost much，yet we can still learn a lot. _thoughtthink_ 详细分析：句意：我认为这是个好主意，不需要花费很多钱我们也能学到很多。根据后面句中的谓语动词is，does，和can可推断出该处表示的是现在的看法而非过去的

4、看法，故thought改为think。think的过去式和过去分词形式分别是thougth，thought。5(2015全国卷)Tony was scared and begun to cry. _begunbegan_ 详细分析：句意：托尼害怕了，开始哭起来。根据and前的谓语动词was scared可知动词begin应用一般过去式。begin的过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式分别是began，begun，beginning。【名师点睛】上下文中时态应一致：若上文是一般过去时则同样用一般过去时，若上文是一般现在时，则同样用一般现在时。在简单句中，谓语动词的时态要与时间状语一致；并列谓语动词的时

5、态应一致。不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式易用混。如began用作begun，gave用作given等。设错点2语态误用6(2017全国卷)About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club. _tooktaken_ 7(2016全国卷)Every day，he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using

6、for cooking. _usingused_ 详细分析：句意：每天他都保证使用新鲜的蔬菜和优质油烹调。主语fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use是被动关系，应用被动语态。 8(2015全国卷)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. _去掉been_ 详细分析：句意：许多研究表明全球变暖早已是个非常严重的问题。主语studies与show是主动关系，应用主动语态，故去掉been。【名师点睛】被动语态的

7、构成形式：一般时be done；进行时be being done；完成时has/have/had been done。及物动词(短语)之后若无宾语应用被动语态；不及物动词(短语)无被动语态。“情态动词be过去分词”结构中be动词不可遗漏。设错点3谓语动词单复数的误判9(2016浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us. _waswere_ 详细分析：句意：他总是问我们是谁并假装不认识我们。句中主语是we，是第一人称复数形式，故谓语用复数形式，故was改为were。10(2015全国卷)My dream school look

8、like a big garden.There are all kinds of flowers and trees. _looklooks_ 【名师点睛】主语是单数形式，谓语动词就用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词就用复数形式。倒装句中谓语的数与其后的主语的数一致。设错点4情态动词和虚拟语气的错用11(2016课标全国)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip. _chosechoose_ 详细分析：情态动词can后应用动词原形，而chose为choose的过去式，故将chose改为choose。choose的过去式和过去

9、分词形式分别是chose，chosen。12(2016课标全国)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. _去掉can或canshould_ 详细分析：suggest作为“建议”讲时，其后接的宾语从句谓语通常用“(should)动词原形”，故此处可去掉can或将can改为should。设错点5形容词、副词之间的误用、同根形容词与名词的误用1(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.

10、 _suddenlysudden_ 详细分析：句意：我如释重负，并在路中间紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地；忽然地”。sudden为形容词，表示“突然的；迅速的”，修饰名词stop。come to a sudden stop“突然停下”。 故将suddenly改为sudden。2(2017全国卷)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the latest music albums. _differencedifferent_ 详细分析：句意：我

11、喜欢研究各种汽车和飞机、弹奏流行音乐，收集最新唱片。修饰名词kinds应用形容词。different kinds of表“各种各样的”。3(2016全国卷)Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady. _steadysteadily_ 4(2016全国卷)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. _honesthonesty_ 详细分析：句意：我的叔叔告诉我他成功的关键是诚实。 系动词之后的表语说明主语key是“什么”，应用名词。honest“诚实的”，是形容词；

12、honesty“诚实”，是名词。【名师点睛】1利用词类的用法确定用词名词前和系动词后应用形容词，行为动词前后、形容词前、过去分词前、句首和句尾等时应用副词。系动词后作表语表“的”之意时用形容词而不用副词或名词。作表语，说明主语是“什么”，应用名词。2在改正过程中尤其注意改正词的拼写，如某个形容词变副词时，是去掉最后一个字母再加ly或直接加ly等。设错点6义近词和形近词的误用5(2017全国卷)A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car. _latelater_ 详细分析：句意：几分钟之后，教练让我停车。作形容词的时候，l

13、ater是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late.Ours is even later.(他们的截止日期很迟，我们的更迟。)作副词的时候，late意为“迟”；later意为“稍后；随后”。故将 late改为later。6(2017全国卷)Beside，they often get some useful information from the Internet. _BesideBesides_ 详细分析：besides表“另外”，常用在句首，表示与上文的递进关系。beside是介词，意为“在旁边”，后接宾语。根据语境可知此处应用besides。【名师点

14、睛】late/lately/later/latest是改错中常设考点，注意区别。hard/hardly； beside/besides； close/closely等也是改错中常考的。设错点7原级与比较等级或最高级的误用7(2017全国卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. _earlierearly_ 详细分析：句意：他们一起早起浇菜。此处无比较对象和比较意义，用原级表示“早”。get up early“起得早”。early可作形容词也可作副词。8(2016全国卷)They were also the be

15、st and worse years in my life. _worseworst_ 【名师点睛】两者比较用比较级，三者或三者以上比较用最高级。形空词perfect，favorite，excellent，superior，top等无比较级或最高级。设错点8名词的单复数形式的误用9(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” _wordwords_ 详细分析：此句中word意为“话语；言语”，为可数名词，指代后文中的“Speed up！” “Slow down！”，故应用复数形式。word表示“

16、消息；诺言”时，无复数形式。10(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. _knowledgesknowledge_ 详细分析：句意：如果到国外旅行，我们既能开阔视野又能获得书本上得不到的知识。knowledge作“知识”讲时，通常情况下为表示抽象意义的名词，是不可数名词。knowledge前面偶尔可加不定冠词a，表示“某方面特定的知识”，构成“aadj.knowledgeofn.”，如a thorough knowledge

17、 of the English language。11(2016全国卷)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. _yearyears_ 详细分析：由语境可知，13岁至19岁有很多年，所以可数名词year应用复数形式years。【特别提醒】解答此类题时，考生可以从以下两个方面入手：(1)查看名词前后的修饰词，若有超过1的基数词修饰，如three，many，a few，several，a couple或表示复数的介词短语(如本题)等，名词要用复数形式；(2)查看谓语动词的形式，若谓语动词为are，wer

18、e，have等，作主语的名词要用复数形式。【名师点睛】不可数名词如fun，furniture，information，progress，health，advice，knowledge，weather等没有复数形式；同一个名词如experience，possession等有可数和不可数的用法。利用名词的修饰语和谓语动词确定名词的单复数是否正确。设错点9冠词的错用、多用或漏用1(2017全国卷)They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. _aan/o

19、ne_ 2(2016全国卷)But in that case，we will learn little about world. _在world前加the_ 详细分析：world意为“世界”，其前通常加定冠词the，表示特指。3(2016全国卷)At the first，I thought I knew everything. _去掉the_ 详细分析：at first“起初；首先”，是固定短语。4(2016浙江卷)Every time he arrived home at end of the day，wed greet her at the door. _在end前加the_ 详细分析：a

20、t the end of.是固定搭配，意为“在结束的时候；在尽头”，【名师点睛】判断一个单词前用不定冠词a还是an，要看该词的发音，而不是看该词的首字母。在useful，European，university等词之前用不定冠词a。在honest，honour，hour，umbrella等词之前用an。复数名词表特指时用the。可数名词复数或不可数名词表泛指时不用冠词。单数可数名词前按照特指或泛指用an/a或the。设错点10数词基本用法的误用5(2017全国卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday，I took driving

21、 lessons. _eighteeneighteenth_ 6(2017全国卷)I still remember how hard first day was. _first前加the/my_ 详细分析：序数词前要用定冠词the或形容词性物主代词修饰。【名师点睛】序数词前通常用定冠词或形容词性物主代词修饰。“in ones基数词的复数形式”表“在某人几十多岁时”。设错点11介词的误用、多用或漏用7(2017全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. _onof_ 详细分析：in

22、 the middle of意为“在的中间”，故把on改为of。此处为“道路的中央”，表示所属关系，而on后跟地点表示“在上面”。8(2017全国卷)They have also bought for some gardening tools. _去掉第二个for_ 详细分析：英语中动词分及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词后直接跟宾语。buy的搭配有buy sb.sth.和buy sth.for sb.，考生受到干扰容易用错。类似短语有make sb.sth./ make sth.for sb.。9(2017全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself，I r

23、ealize of how fast time flies. _去掉第二个of_ 详细分析：realize为及物动词，可以直接跟宾语。考生易受含of的短语hear of(听说)；learn of(了解到)；think of(想起)；dream of(梦见)； talk of(谈起)等的影响，不易发现此处的错误。10(2016全国卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. _dreams后加of/about_ 详细分析：句意：我叔叔说，他从没梦想过在短期内变富。dream of/abo

24、ut (doing) sth.为固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”。【名师点睛】in addition，in addition to，as well as，as well，as a result，as a result of带宾语和不带宾语时用法不同。及物动词后不加介词，常见的有enter，reach，approach，marry，discuss等；不及物动词如agree，arrive，graduate等后接宾语时需加介词。this，that，every，last，next构成的时间状语前无需加介词。设错点12代词指代对象不一致11(2017全国卷)When I look at this pictu

25、re of myself，.This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. _yourmy_ 详细分析：此处介绍的是我的故事，因此这里应该是我高中时期的回忆。上下文的人称应该保持一致。 12(2016全国卷)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden your view. _yourour_ 13(2016全国卷)I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself

26、. _yourselfmyself_ 详细分析：by oneself“独自地；单独地”，句子主语是第一人称单数I，因此将yourself改为myself。【名师点睛】用反身代词时，其人称和数要与所指代的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。要根据上下文确定人称代词的单复数及上下文指代是否一致。形容词性物主代词修饰名词不能单独使用；名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能修饰名词。设错点13并列连词的错用、缺失或多余1(2017全国卷)I had grown not only physically，and also mentally in the past few years. _andbut_ 详细分析：此处

27、表示过去几年里，我不仅身体上成长了，而且思想上也成长了。not only.but also.为固定搭配。考生要熟记neither.nor.，either.or.，not.but.等的基本含义。2(2017全国卷)Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructors orders，so once I started the car，my mind went blank. _sobut/yet_ 详细分析：句意：上车前我认为自己领会了教练的命令，但是一旦启动汽车，我的大脑一片空白。根据语境可知，此处前后句存在转折关系

28、。so是表示因果关系的并列连词，应该改成表示转折关系的并列连词but或者yet。3(2016全国卷)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking. _orand_ 详细分析：本句为肯定句，fresh vegetables和high quality oil是并列关系，应用and连接。【名师点睛】分析句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号确定是否缺少、多余或用错并列连词。表并列、选择或转折关系用并列连词and，or或but/yet。表前因后果的关系用so。表前果后因的关系用fo

29、r。while表“对比”，when表“就在这时”。设错点14定语从句关系词的错用或缺失4(2017全国卷)In their spare time，they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden，that is on the rooftop of their house. _thatwhich或删what_ 5(2016四川卷)The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite. _whatthat/which或删去what_ 详细分析：先行词为the dishes，且定语从句中cooked

30、后面缺少宾语，故用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。因其在从句中作宾语，故也可省略关系代词。【名师点睛】先行词指人时不能用which，whom只作宾语。在介词或逗号后不可以用that引导定语从句。what不能引导定语从句。先行词表时间或地点，在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that/which；作状语用when，where。设错点15名词性从句连接词的错用、缺失或多余6(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. _thatwhere_ 详细分析：连接词在此引导宾语从句且在从句中作地点状语，故用whe

31、re。7(2015全国卷)After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing. _wherethat或去掉where_ 详细分析：found后面接的宾语从句结构和意义均完整，故用that引导宾语从句，或去掉where。【名师点睛】that与其他连接词的重复使用在改错中常出现，应注意分析。一般句意完整只缺引导词用that，否则根据句意及连接词本意选用合适的连接词。设错点16状语从句连接词的错用、缺失或多余8(2017全国卷)I was so much nervou