高中名词性从句详解.docx

1、高中名词性从句详解高考名词性从句讲解 在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别(看是否缺成分）3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题what引导名词性从句的五种用法1. 表示“的东西或事情”：Theyve done what th

2、ey can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。2. 表示“的人或的样子”：He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。He is what is generally called atraitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？3. 表示“的数量或数目”：Our incom

3、e is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。The number of the students in ourschoolis ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。4. 表示“的时间”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。The young girl was toofrightenedto speak, standing

4、there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。5. 表示“的地方”：This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。语法要点剖析 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （

5、不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which，whichever. 连接副词：when, where, how, why一、主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。 that在句中无词义，只起连接作用,通常不可以省略。从句置于句首时，绝对不可以省略。连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：1.fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one

6、aspect. A What B That C This D Which2.we cant get seems better than _we have.A What, what B What, that C That, that D That , what3. some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How4._ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Whi

7、ch B. What C. That D. Whom 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：1. It+ be +adj.+主语从句 这是主语从句最常见的一种结构。It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not. 注意：如若形容词为 important / necessary， good/wrong natural.表达一种要求，命令或者责备时，多使用虚拟语气（should +V).It is impo

8、rtant that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the ope

9、ration to the patient. It is said that he has come to Beijing. 注意：如果主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词如：suggested/ ordered / demanded /insisted / commanded. 等时 that后的从句要用虚拟语（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为，“据建议；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive th

10、ere in two hours. 3. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honor，a question等，如：Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not. 注意：如若表示出乎意料之意时,从句一般用虚拟语气常译为“竟然”。It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 4.

11、 It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句 这类不及物动词有：appear,seem happen，matter等。译为好像/碰巧/如：It seemed that he didnt tell the truth.It happened that I was out when he called.what 与 that 在主语从句（及在其他从句中）的区别：what 引导名从在从句中又充当一定的成分，而that仅是连词，不充当任何成分。Eg: What you said is right.1(2013枣庄一模)_the new underground is available has not been

12、 made clear yet. AWhat BHow CWhen DThat 解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_the new underground is available”是主语从句，且空处在主语从句中作时间状语，故选C。2(2013日照模拟)_we will be successful partly depends on our attitudes towards the matter. AWhether BIf CWhat DThat 解析：考查主语从句。句意：我们能否成功一定程度上取决于我们对待这件事情的态度。根据句意可知，空处表示“是否”，whether和if都有“是否

13、”的意思，但是if引导主语从句时不能放在句首，故选A。3(2012安徽高考)The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. Awhere Bwhether Cthat Dwhy 解析：考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。根据“depend on”可知，主语从句“_ he reache

14、s these limits”中含有不确定因素，故用whether，选B。 二、宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由关联词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining.

15、他说他非常喜欢下雨，下雨天他都不愿打伞。在某些动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，其结构为should+动词原形，should 可以省略。这些常用动词是：一个坚决要求insist; 四个要求ask, demand, request, require；两个命令order, command; 三个建议suggest, advise, propose； 注意：insist有两个意思“坚决要求”和“坚持认为”，前者用虚拟语气，而后者用陈述语气（实际时态）；同样suggest 也有两个意思“建议”和“表明”,“暗示”，当表示“建议”讲时用虚拟语气，否则用陈述语气（实际时态）。 Eg：She suggested

16、 that she should answer the phone immediately.(虚拟语气)The smile on her face suggested that he was satisfied with the result.(陈述语气)2.由wh-类的词引导的宾语从句可作介词的宾语。Eg: She walked up to where I stood.3. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要

17、用陈述语序。 When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know .A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering答案：B1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. A however B whatev

18、er C whichever D whenever2. We should respect food and think about the people who dont have we have here and treat food nicely.A. that B. which C. what D. whether答案：C3. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which答案:B4.How much one

19、 enjoys himself traveling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relativesAwhat Bwho Chow Dwhy 答案：B5.Have you finished the book? No,Ive read up to_the children discover the secret cave.A.which B.what C.that D.where【答案】D6. The shocking news mad me realize _ terrible problems we would

20、face. A. what B. how C. that D. why4. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如： Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 Everything depend

21、s on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。5. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。 当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 6. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主

22、句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如： We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。7.it作形式宾语(1) make /find/ feel / consider / think it + adj / n + that They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.(2)某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike

23、, appreciate等 后往往不能直接接宾语从句；必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句(常跟if 或when从句).We would much appreciate it if you could do us that favor.要是你们能帮我们这个忙，我们将非常感激。Id prefer it if I didnt have to finish the work.要是我不必完成那项工作，那就太好了。I hate it when people laugh at the old.(3) 某些含有介词的动词短语如see to, depend on, rely on, insist on, loo

24、k to, stick to 等结构中往往不能直接接宾语从句；必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.Ill see to it that everything is ready in time.我将负责按时做好一切准备。You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.(你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。)Im counting on it that you will come. 我指望着你会来。1. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A.

25、 this B. that C. it D. one2. I hate _when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. these D. them3.You may depend on _ that you parents will help you whenever you need it.A.them B. yourself C. it D. me8.主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we

26、 would admit him for a probationary period. 鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。9that, what引导宾语从句的区别。在宾语从句中，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导宾语从句时，意为“什么”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中用来作主语或宾语。The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.(what在从句中作宾

27、语)(2011上海高考)你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。Galileo found that no matter how many times he tried the experiment, the result remained the same.(that不充当成分)(2012宝鸡二检)伽利略发现，不管他进行多少次试验，结果都一样。1(2012北京高考)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt_ he could have expressed it differently. Awhy Bhow Cthat Dwhe

28、ther 解析： 考查宾语从句。句意：Jerry不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达。that he could have expressed it differently是由that引导的宾语从句，作felt的宾语。that在从句中不作成分。C2(2012四川高考)Scientists study_ human brains work to make computers. Awhen Bhow Cthat Dwhether 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：科学家研究人类的大脑是如何运作的以制作电脑。分析句子结构可知study后接宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故选B项。3(201

29、1山东高考)Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_shell accept it. Awhere Bwhat Cwhether Dwhich 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我们已经给她提供了一份工作，但是不知道她是否接受，故选whether，意为“是否”。c4(2012北京西城区高三期末)After_ seemed an endless wait, it was her turn to enter the personnel managers office. Athat Bhow Cwhat Dwhy 解析：考查宾语从句。此处after用作介词，“_

30、seemed an endless wait”为宾语从句，因从句中缺少主语，所以用what。注意that引导宾语从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分。故选C。三、表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats_I dont agree .You should have a more active life.A.where B.how C.when D.whatPart of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. what B. that C. why D. whether答案：B需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed th