项目管理项目管理英文术语.docx

1、项目管理项目管理英文术语英文术语中文翻译定义 Accept 验收 The act of formally receiving or acknowledging something and regarding it as being true, sound, suitable, or complete. Acceptance 验收 See accept Acceptance Criteria 验收标准 Those criteria, including performance requirements and essential conditions, which must be met bef

2、ore project deliverables are accepted. Acquire Project Team Process组建工程团队 The process of obtaining the human resources needed to complete the project. Activity活动 A component of work performed during the course of a project. See also schedule activity. Activity Attributes Output/Input活动属性 Multiple at

3、tributes associated with each schedule activity that can be included within the activity list. Activity attributes include activity codes, predecessor activities, successor activities, logical relationships, leads and lags, resource requirements, imposed dates, constraints, and assumptions. Activity

4、 Code 活动编码 One or more numerical or text values that identify characteristics of the work or in some way categorize the schedule activity that allows filtering and ordering of activities within reports. Activity Definition Process活动定义 The process of identifying the specific schedule activities that

5、need to be performed to produce the various project deliverables. Activity Description (AD)活动描述 A short phrase or label for each schedule activity used in conjunction with an activity identifier to differentiate that project schedule activity from other schedule activities. The activity description

6、normally describes the scope of work of the schedule activity. Activity Duration 活动历时 The time in calendar units between the start and finish of a schedule activity. See also actual duration, original duration, and remaining duration. Activity Duration Estimating Process活动历时估算 The process of estimat

7、ing the number of work periods that will be needed to complete individual schedule activities. Activity Identifier 活动标识符 A short unique numeric or text identification assigned to each schedule activity to differentiate that project activity* from other activities. Typically unique within any one pro

8、ject schedule network diagram. Activity List Output/Input活动列表 A documented tabulation of schedule activities that shows the activity description, activity identifier, and a sufficiently detailed scope of work description so project team members understand what work is to be performed. Activity-on-Ar

9、row (AOA) AOA、双代号法 See arrow diagramming method. Activity-on-Node (AON) AON、单代号法 See precedence diagramming method. Activity Resource Estimating Process活动资源估算 The process of estimating the types and quantities of resources required to perform each schedule activity. Activity Sequencing Process活动排序 T

10、he process of identifying and documenting dependencies among schedule activities. Actual Cost (AC)实际本钱 Total costs actually incurred and recorded in accomplishing work performed during a given time period for a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component. Actual cost can sometimes be dir

11、ect labor hours alone, direct costs alone, or all costs including indirect costs. Also referred to as the actual cost of work performed (ACWP). See also earned value management and earned value technique. Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP) 已执行工作的实际本钱 See actual cost (AC). Actual Duration 实际历时 The

12、time in calendar units between the actual start date of the schedule activity and either the data date of the project schedule if the schedule activity is in progress or the actual finish date if the schedule activity is complete. Actual Finish Date (AF)实际完成日期 The point in time that work actually en

13、ded on a schedule activity. (Note: In some application areas, the schedule activity is considered “finished when work is “substantially complete.) Actual Start Date (AS) 实际开始日期 The point in time that work actually started on a schedule activity. Analogous Estimating Technique类比估算 An estimating techn

14、ique that uses the values of parameters, such as scope, cost, budget, and duration or measures of scale such as size, weight, and complexity from a previous, similar activity as the basis for estimating the same parameter or measure for a future activity. It is frequently used to estimate a paramete

15、r when there is a limited amount of detailed information about the project (e.g., in the early phases). Analogous estimating is a form of expert judgment. Analogous estimating is most reliable when the previous activities are similar in fact and not just in appearance, and the project team members p

16、reparing the estimates have the needed expertise. Application Area 应用领域 A category of projects that have common components significant in such projects, but are not needed or present in all projects. Application areas are usually defined in terms of either the product (i.e., by similar technologies

17、or production methods) or the type of customer (i.e., internal versus external, government versus commercial) or industry sector (i.e., utilities, automotive, aerospace, information technologies). Application areas can overlap. Apportioned Effort (AE)分配的工作量 Effort applied to project work that is not

18、 readily divisible into discrete efforts for that work, but which is related in direct proportion to measurable discrete work efforts. Contrast with discrete effort. Approval批准 See approve Approve批准 The act of formally confirming, sanctioning, ratifying, or agreeing to something. Approved Change Req

19、uest 已批准的变更请求 A change request that has been processed through the integrated change control process and approved. Contrast with requested change. Arrow 箭线 The graphic presentation of a schedule activity in the arrow diagramming method or a logical relationship between schedule activities in the pre

20、cedence diagramming method. Arrow Diagramming Method (ADM)箭线图 A schedule network diagramming technique in which schedule activities are represented by arrows. The tail of the arrow represents the start, and the head represents the finish of the schedule activity. (The length of the arrow does not re

21、present the expected duration of the schedule activity.) Schedule activities are connected at points called nodes (usually drawn as small circles) to illustrate the sequence in which the schedule activities are expected to be performed. See also precedence diagramming method. As-of Date 截止日期 See dat

22、a date Assumptions Output/Input假设 Assumptions are factors that, for planning purposes, are considered to be true, real, or certain without proof or demonstration. Assumptions affect all aspects of project planning, and are part of the progressive elaboration of the project. Project teams frequently

23、identify, document, and validate assumptions as part of their planning process. Assumptions generally involve a degree of risk. Assumptions Analysis Technique假设分析 A technique that explores the accuracy of assumptions and identifies risks to the project from inaccuracy, inconsistency, or incompletene

24、ss of assumptions. Authority职权 The right to apply project resources*, expend funds, make decisions, or give approvals Backward Pass 逆推法 The calculation of late finish dates and late start dates for the uncompleted portions of all schedule activities. Determined by working backwards through the sched

25、ule network logic from the projects end date. The end date may be calculated in a forward pass or set by the customer or sponsor. See also schedule network analysis. Bar Chart Tool甘特图条形图 A graphic display of schedule-related information. In the typical bar chart, schedule activities or work breakdow

26、n structure components are listed down the left side of the chart, dates are shown across the top, and activity durations are shown as date-placed horizontal bars. Also called a Gantt chart. Baseline 基准基线 The approved time phased plan (for a project, a work breakdown structure component, a work pack

27、age, or a schedule activity), plus or minus approved project scope, cost, schedule, and technical changes. Generally refers to the current baseline, but may refer to the original or some other baseline. Usually used with a modifier (e.g., cost baseline, schedule baseline, performance measurement bas

28、eline, technical baseline). See also performance measurement baseline. Baseline Finish Date基线完成日期 The finish date of a schedule activity in the approved schedule baseline. See also scheduled finish date. Baseline Start Date基线开始日期 The start date of a schedule activity in the approved schedule baselin

29、e. See also scheduled start date. Bill of Materials (BOM) 材料单 A documented formal hierarchical tabulation of the physical assemblies, subassemblies, and components needed to fabricate a product. Bottom-up Estimating Technique自底向上估算 A method of estimating a component of work. The work is decomposed i

30、nto more detail. An estimate is prepared of what is needed to meet the requirements of each of the lower, more detailed pieces of work, and these estimates are then aggregated into a total quantity for the component of work. The accuracy of bottom-up estimating is driven by the size and complexity o

31、f the work identified at the lower levels. Generally smaller work scopes increase the accuracy of the estimates. Brainstorming Technique头脑风暴 A general data gathering and creativity technique that can be used to identify risks, ideas, or solutions to issues by using a group of team members or subject

32、-matter experts. Typically, a brainstorming session is structured so that each participants ideas are recorded for later analysis. Budget预算 The approved estimate for the project or any work breakdown structure component or any schedule activity. See also estimate. Budget at Completion (BAC)完工预算 The sum of all the budget values established for the work