语法词类.docx

1、语法词类名词 (一)名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词，其中普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词要注意单复数。(二)名词的数1、可数名词与不可数名词A、不可数名词，中学阶段常见的不可数名词有：water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(纸) ; time(时间); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(鱼肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词应

2、注意以下几点：1)前无冠，后无复;作主语为三单.2)表量用约数some /any ; much ; a lot ofeg. There is _ bread on the table. A. a B. one C. a piece of D. manyThere is some_ on the plate. A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer2、可数名词的复数不规则变化：manmenm, womanwomen，policemanpolicemen, footfeet， toothteeth, childchildren，mousemice，OxOxen, mou

3、semice注意： potatopotatoes ; tomatotomatoes 单复同形: fish ; sheep ; deer ; Chinese ; Japanese 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词应将两部分都变成复数 (man doctor men doctors) reefreefs “某国人”的复数：口诀是“eg. GermanGermans有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。eg:cloth布,a cloth桌布、抹布;sand沙sands沙滩;tea茶a tea一杯茶;orange橘汁an orange橘子;glass玻璃a glass玻璃

4、杯，glasses眼镜;paper纸a paper试卷、论文;wood木头a wood小森林;room空间、余地a room房间fruit fruits ;food foods ;fish fishes ;drink a drink ;3、名词所有格：名词s (意思是 “的”)A.有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“s”;注意：1)表两者共有则在后者加“s”Lucy and Lilys father 露西和莉莉的父亲Lucys and Lilys fathers露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲.2)以s结尾的词只加“ ”eg. 1) the boys books 2) James father3)无生命的名

5、词所有格用of来引导eg. the leg of the desk4)双重所有格：a friend of my fathersa friend of mine ( ) a friend of my( )练 习一、写出下列词的复数1.book_ 2.bus _ 3.orange _4.baby_ 5.boy_ 6.my _7.his_ 8.knife_ 9.watch_10.sheep _ 11. tooth _ 12. leaf _13.German_ 14.Chinese_二、选择正确的答案( )1.Are those _?-No, they arent. Theyre _.A. sheep

6、 ; cows B. sheep ; cowC. sheeps ; cow D. sheeps ; cows( )2.Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _.A. two orange B. two bottles of orangeC. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges( )3.I have got _ news from my friend. Do you want to know?A. a very good B. anyC. a piece of D. two pieces( )4._ ro

7、om is on the 5th floor.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and LilysC. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys( )5.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walk B. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk( )6.This is James Allan Green. We can call him _.A. Mr. Green B. Mr. AllanC. Mr.

8、 James D. James Green( )7.Jack and Tom are _.A. good friends B. good friendC. a good friend D. good a friend( )8.Its only about ten _ walk to the nearest post office.A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute( )9.He often has _ for breakfast.A. two breads B. two piece of breadsC. two pieces of bread

9、 D. two pieces of breads( )10.Mrs. Green has two _. Theyre very bright.A. childs B. child C. childrens D. children( )11.What did the headmaster say about Jims _.A. two months holiday B. two months holidayC. two-month holiday D. two months holidays( )12.I wont go there with you, for I have a lot of _

10、 to do.A. works B. job C. work D. working( )13.Li Lei is a friend of _.A. I sister B. my sistersC. me sister D. my sister of( )14.Have you read _?A. todays B. today paperC. the todays paper D. todays paper( )15.How many _ are there in the room?A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes( )16.Many _ have been

11、built in our city since 1987.A. factorys B. factoriesC. factoryes D. factorys( )17.There are lots of _ in the basket on the table .A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss( )18.The cat caught two _ last night.A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices( )19.Jack went to have two _ pulled out yesterday a

12、fternoon.A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes( )20.In our school there are fifty-five _.A. women teachers B. woman teachersC. women teacher D. womans teacher( )21.The three _ will be put into prison.A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs练习题答案：15 ABCBD 610 AACCD1115 CCBDA 1621 BCBCAC介词1.时间1)at + 具

13、体时刻2)on + 具体某天(具体某天的上、下午等;星期词;以及上、下午词前有修饰词时)3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分口诀：at时间点，in指日月年On指具体某一天早中晚但注意：at night= in the night at noonat this / that time at Christmaseg. 1._ the morning 2._ Monday morning3. _ a rainy evening 4. _3:50 5._ 20026._ the morning of April 10 7._ spring8._ night 9._ this time 10. _

14、 March另外注意：在时间词(morning , afternoon , evening ; Sunday)前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。2.地点：at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：eg. 1)He arrived _Shanghai yesterday.2)They arrived _a small village before dark.3)There is a big hole _ the wall.4)The teacher put up a

15、 picture _ the wall.3.方位in(范围内);on(范围外且接壤);to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China.2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan.3)Japan is to the east of China.cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go across4. across: (表面)跨过through: (内部)穿过，贯穿 介词eg. 1)Can you swim _ the river?2)The road runs _ the forest.3) _

16、 the bridge, youll find a cinema.5. in + 时间段：与将来时连用after + 时间段：与过去时连用但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。1) Ill leave _ three oclock. That is, Ill leave _ about ten minutes.2)They left _ two weeks.6. in the tree(外加在树上的事物)on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)7. on the wall(墙表面的事物)1) There is a map _ the

17、wall2) There are four windows _ the wall.8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词)但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bikeby car = in a(the ; her) caron: 在(表面)上接触9. over: 在的正上方above: 在的斜上方 未接触1) The moon rose _ the hill.2) There is a bridge _ the river.3) There is a book _ the desk

18、.10. between: 在(两者)之间among :在(三者以上)之间1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach. _ them were his parents.2)Tom sits _Lucy and Lily.11.on与about : 关于on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及eg. He gave a talk _ the history of the Party12. in front of :在前面/方(范围外)= beforein / at the front o

19、f:在前部(范围内)1)There is a big tree _ of the classroom.2)A driver drives _ of the bus.类似区别：at the back of与behind13.with和in: 表示“用“with: 指“用工具、手、口等”in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等”1) Please write the letter _ a pen.2) Please speak _ a loud voice.14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 动身前往某地15.一些

20、固定搭配：(1)介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spendon, 等。(2)介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot,with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble,at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。(3)介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afr

21、aid of, be good at,be interested in, be angry with,be full of, be sorry for等。一.选择填空：1.Mrs. Brown came to China _ 1996.A.from B.of C.to D.in2.The room was full _ smoke after the big fire.A.of B.with C.in D.for3.Here are some presents _ you _ our best wishes.A.to; with B.for; with C.of; about D.for; f

22、or4.Both Mr Green and Mrs Green were born _ June, 1956.A.in B.at C.on D.for5.The little boy is always interested _ science.A.with B.by C.in D.at6.Li Lei often gets up _ seven oclock on Sundays.A.on B.in C.at D.for7.They arrived early _ a Tuesday morning.A.on B.at C.in D.of8.Macao(澳门)will return to o

23、ur motherland _ December 20th, 1999.A.on B.at C.in D.for9.-When were you born? -I was born _ August 25, 1983.A.on B.in C.at D.to10.Let me show you the place _ the map.A.with B.on C.in11.John knows _ a computer.A.how to use B.how use C.how uses12.The visitors _ Japan arrived _ Beijing Station last Tu

24、esday morning.A.from; at B.of; to C.from; toD.of; on13.The teacher will be back _ an hour.A.in B.after C.on14.This programme was sent to the USA _ China _ satellite.A.in; of B.of; in C.from; by D.by; from15.Its cold outside. Please your warm clothes.A. put in B. take off C. put on D. put up16.He got

25、 many gifts his birthday his friends.A. on, from B. in, of C. at, to D. from, for17.The classroom is quite different that one.A. of B. from C. with D. like18.Look, youll see a bridge the river.A. on B. above C. over D. in19.Your coat looks nice, Is It cotton? -Yes. Its Shanghai.A. made of, made by B

26、. made of, made inC. made for, made in D. made from made by20.Tow may fall the others because he has missed so many lessons.A. after B. behind C. later D. out of二、用适当的介词填空1.Whats wrong _ your watch?2.One _ the students is in the classroom.3.I think the shop is closed _ this time of day.4.My father t

27、eaches English _ a school.5.We have lunch _ the middle of the day.6.You can buy some school things _ your way home.7.I was born _ July 1, 1982.8.May I borrow a pencil _ you?9.Dont sleep _ the open air.10.I often help my mother _ _ the housework.11.Its time _ school.12.I have quite a lot _ homework t

28、o do.13.Whats the time? Its half _ seven.14.Ducks are good _ swimming.15.What are you talking _ ?16.He is sitting _ the front of the car.17.The eraser was passed _ one student _ another.18.Did you live _ Beijing in 1997?19.When did you arrive _ the village?20.I think Mary is _ duty today.21.Eating too much isnt good _ your health.22.Im