浅析现代钢结构建筑设计与表现.docx

1、浅析现代钢结构建筑设计与表现浅析现代钢结构建筑设计与表现摘要：现代建筑设计中采用钢结构的越来越多，特别是公共建筑和标志性建筑。本文针对钢结构建筑设计的特点并立足于现有条件，主要从技术层面和建筑设计与表现进行探讨。Abstract: in modern architectural design with steel structure and more and more, especially in public buildings and landmarks. This article according to the characteristics of the steel structur

2、e design and based on the existing conditions, from the aspect of technology and discusses the architectural design and performance.关键词：钢结构 建筑表现Key words: steel structure building建筑自人类产生以来都是人们生活的重要组成部分，但在很长时间里运用的都是石材，木材等。随着科技的发展新型材料的运用越来越广泛，其中钢材是其中普遍采用的一种。而以钢结构为主体的建筑是现代空间结构发展的主流，钢结构建筑与钢筋混凝土，砌体，木结构建筑

3、相比有一定的差别，钢结构建筑通常由型钢、钢管、钢板等制成的钢梁、钢柱、钢桁架等构件组成，有的还用钢铰线、钢丝绳（束）组成，其连接方式采用焊缝、螺栓或铆钉连接，探讨现代钢结构建筑设计与表现具有重要的意义和价值。Buildings since humans are an important part of peoples life, but for a long time use is stone, wood, etc. With the development of science and technology the use of new materials is more and more

4、widely, which is one of widely used steel. With steel structure as the main body construction is the mainstream of the development of modern space structure steel structure and reinforced concrete, masonry, timber structure buildings has certain difference, compared steel structure building is usual

5、ly made of steel, steel pipe, steel plate girder, steel columns, steel truss, such as artifacts, some steel hinge line, steel wire rope (beam), the connection methods of connected by welding, bolt, or rivet, probe into modern steel structure design and the performance has important significance and

6、value.一、钢结构建筑的发展历史First, the development history of steel structure building最早在建造房屋中使用钢结构的国家可以追溯到十八世纪末的英国，一百年后法国工程师埃菲尔建造了著名的铁塔，人们也开始尝试建造钢结构的独户住宅，从此钢结构建筑彻底改变了以往建筑造型的模式，建筑设计的理念与方法亦随之嬗变。早期的钢结构仅是部分构件、配件用铸铁、熟铁制成，到了19世纪80年代结构型钢的出现加快了钢结构在建筑工程中的发展，使钢结构建筑在20世纪60年代实现了其第二次理论和实践的飞跃与创新的发展，德国包豪斯学派就是其理论的发源地。The ea

7、rliest used in building steel structure of countries can be traced back to the UK at the end of the 18th century, one hundred years after the French engineers built the famous Eiffel Tower Eiffel, people also began to try to build the single-family house steel structure, steel structure building com

8、pletely changed in the past from now on architectural modeling, building design concept and method also change accordingly. Steel structure is only part of the early component, accessories made from cast iron, wrought iron, in the 1880 s the emergence of the steel structure to speed up the developme

9、nt of steel structure in construction engineering, the steel structure building in the 1960 s realized the second leap and innovation of the theory and practice of development, the German Bauhaus school of thought is the birthplace of the theory.我国自1949年全国解放后，钢结构就在大跨重型工业厂房、大型公共建筑和高耸结构中得到了应用。尤其是近20年来

10、，钢结构更加广泛应用于土木工程的公共建筑中，比如沈阳桃仙国际机场屋盖，北京天文馆新馆工程等，我国目前不仅能生产各种类型的建筑钢材，同时钢材生产的新技术、新工艺、新产品日益也增多，如彩钢压型板、彩钢复合板、彩钢扣板、拱形厂房及彩钢制品等的生产，使建筑结构充满现代化时代气息，实际证明钢结构建筑在我国更具有广阔的发展前景。Since 1949, the national liberation in our country, in large span steel structure industrial workshops, large public buildings and its applic

11、ation in the high-rise structure. Especially over the past 20 years, steel structure is more widely used in civil engineering in public buildings, such as roof shenyang taoxian international airport, Beijing planetarium in new project and so on, our country at present not only the production of vari

12、ous types of construction steel, steel production at the same time the new technologies, new processes, new products also increasingly grow in quantity, such as color steel pressure plate, caigang composite panels, caigang gusset plate, arching workshop and caigang products such as production, make

13、the building structure is full of modern times breath, proves the steel structure construction in our country has broad prospects for development.二、现代钢结构的建筑特点Second, the construction of modern steel structure characteristics（一）预工程化程度高，建设成本降低，工期缩短(a) pre-engineering degree is high, cost reduction, sh

14、ortening the construction period钢结构建筑模数协调统一标准实现了建筑工业化大规模生产，提高了建筑预工程化，使不同材料、不同形状和不同制造方法的建筑构配件具有一定的通用性和互换性。同时钢结构建筑的预工程化使材料加工和安装一体化，大大降低了建设成本；并且加快了施工速度，使工期能够缩短40以上，从而加快了房地产开发商的资金周转速度，使建筑能更早投入使用。Steel structure modular coordination unified standard implements the architectural industrialized mass produc

15、tion, improving the pre engineered building, different materials, different shapes and different manufacturing methods of components has certain versatility and interchangeability. And steel structure building pre-engineering makes the integration of material processing and installation, greatly red

16、uces the construction cost; And speed up the construction speed, shortening time limit for a project to more than 40%, thus speeding up the capital turnover velocity of real estate developers, the building can be put into use sooner.（二）建筑与结构的设计与功能一体化,使建筑更富有功能化(2) the building and structure design an

17、d function of integration, make the building more functional在钢结构建筑中，结构成为形象构成的重要因素，结构的形体，构件，节点从很大程度上导致并制约着建筑的形象。建筑与结构的设计与功能只有做到一体化，才能使建筑更富有功能化以便随后的各个设计环节进行下去，创造出技术与艺术融为一体的钢结构建筑。北京2008年奥运会国家体育场投标方案中有许多方案都体现了钢结构建筑的这一特点。例如清华大学建筑设计院设计的可开合式方案，在体育场大屋面的中央设置两个半圆型的玻璃顶面，同时相对旋转、平行滑动完成大屋面的开合；又如中国建筑设计研究院场馆方案外观即为建

18、筑的结构，形象完美纯净，功能与结构达到了完美的统一；还有日本朱式会设建筑事务所设计的折叠式方案，屋顶由悬臂的钢架结构支承，可在30分钟内完成开闭的动作，确保全年比赛的及活动不受天气影响。In steel structure, the structure become image constitute the important factors, the form of structure, components, nodes to a large extent, leads to and restricts the construction of the image. Only accompl

19、ish integration of architecture and structure design and function, to make the building more functional in order to then proceed various design steps, create integrated steel structure construction technology and art. In the national stadium of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games bid many solutions are embod

20、ies the characteristics of steel structure building. For example can open jewels scheme of tsinghua university architecture design institute of design, in the middle of the big stadium roof set two and a half round glass top surface, and relative rotation, parallel sliding finish large roof of the o

21、pening and closing; And as China architectural design and research institute venues for appearance namely for construction structure, image of perfect purity, function and structure to achieve the perfect unification; Zhu and Japan will set architects design scheme of folding, roof supported by cant

22、ilever steel structure, it can be finished within 30 minutes of open and close action, to ensure that the competition is not affected by the weather and activities throughout the year.（三）钢结构建筑能够满足超高度和超跨度的要求(3) the steel structure can meet the requirements of super high and super span钢材组织均匀，接近于各向同性匀质

23、体，强度高，弹性模量亦高。其密度与强度的比值远小于砖石，混凝土，木材，在同样受力情况下钢结构自重小，从而可以做成跨度较大和高度较高的结构以及灵活的结构形体。现在人类已具有建造跨度超过1000米的超大穹顶与高度超过1000米最高至4000米的超高层建筑的能力。并且钢索与膜结构相结合形成索膜结构体系更能满足建筑对跨度的要求，使这类型建筑成为标志性建筑，比如日本东京后乐园棒球场屋盖是钢索与气承膜组成的索膜结构，面积达28000平方米，英国政府为迎接21世纪而兴建的标志性建筑伦敦千年穹顶大型综合性展览建筑也是索膜结构体系，其穹顶直径达到320m。Steel group uniform and clos

24、e to the isotropic and plastid, high strength, high modulus of elasticity as well. The ratio of its density and strength is far less than brick, concrete, wood, steel structure small self-weight stress under the same condition, thus can make span and height higher structure and the structure of flex

25、ible body. Now humans have built span of more than 1000 meters to the super dome and height over 1000 meters up to 4000 meters of super-tall buildings of ability. And wire cable membrane structure system combined with membrane structure formed a more can meet the requirements of construction of span

26、, make this type of building a landmark buildings, such as Tokyo Disneyland after baseball ChangWu cover is composed of membrane gas bearing with the wire cable membrane structure, an area of 28000 square meters, the British government for 21st century and build the landmark building of London one t

27、housand dome - large comprehensive exhibition building and cable membrane structure, the dome diameter up to 320 m.（四）原材料可以循环使用，有助于环保和可持续发展(4) raw materials can be recycled, contribute to environmental protection and sustainable development发展钢结构对于资源，能源都非常短缺的我国意义尤为重大，因为中国是世界上最大的砖砌体建筑与混凝土建筑大国。钢材是一种高强度

28、高效能的材料，具有很高的再循环价值，边角料也有价值，不需要制模施工。目前国际上引人瞩目的新型住宅产品已引入我国，其环保节能的特点主要体现在两个方面：Steel structure for the development of resources and energy are very shortage in our country is particularly significant, because China is the worlds largest brick masonry and concrete buildings superpower. Steel is a kind of

29、high strength and high performance materials, has the very high recycling value, leftover material has value, do not need to mold construction. At present the compelling on the international new residential products have been introduced into our country, the environmental protection and energy savin

30、g features mainly embodied in two aspects:（1）该类型住宅采用全封闭式保温隔热防潮系统，温度变化小，热损失低。不论冬夏，都具有舒适当居住环境。室外0摄氏度时，室内仍可以保持17摄氏度以上；在室外温度达到30摄氏度的情况下，室内温度仅为21摄氏度左右。(1) the type of residential use totally-enclosed thermal insulation moistureproof system, small temperature change, heat loss is low. Regardless of winter

31、 and summer, with a comfortable when living environment. 0 degrees Celsius when outdoor, indoor can remain 17 degrees Celsius above; Reach 30 degrees Celsius in outdoor temperature conditions, the indoor temperature is only 21 degrees Celsius.（2）与砖混结构住宅相比，可节能60以上，冬夏季空调设备可节约耗电30以上，结构的废旧利用为100，与砖混结构比较

32、，同样楼层净高条件下，钢结构维护墙体面积小，节约空调所需能源，减小维护费用。(2) compared with the brick house, save energy more than 60%, winter summer air-conditioning equipment can save electricity above 30%, the structure of the waste utilization was 100%, compared with brick, floor headroom same condition, the steel structure maintenance wall body area is small, save energy required for air conditioning, reduce maintenance costs.三、钢结构建筑设计与技术表现3, steel structure building design and technical performance钢结构建筑设计的构思成功关键所在是技术构思与表现，在方案设计的深化中，需要同结构工程师，设备工程师，甚至包括机械工程师密切配合。此时技术表现是自然而然的事情，无论是空间形式，形式体量还是构造节点对其建筑设计与表现影响都是很重要的，