高三英语非谓语综合复习.docx

1、高三英语非谓语综合复习教师辅导讲义 年 级：高三 课时数：3 辅导科目：英语 课 题非谓语动词综合复习教学目标根据高考大纲，有重点地分析非谓语动词的重要考点和具体语境里的综合运用。教学内容Step1、Greetings & Free talk Is there something interesting or important this week?Step2 Assignments checking & Revision1. 错题重现 (请老师根据学生具体情况添加) 2重点知识回顾 Step3、Grammar一、非谓语动词常考的其它结构 （1)疑问词+不定式结构 疑问词who，what，wh

2、ich，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语和双重宾语。如： -When to start has not been decided何时动身尚未决定。(主语) I dont know what to do我不知道该怎么办。(宾语) -The difficulty was how to cross the river困难在于如何过河。(表语) -I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（双重宾语） （注）有时疑问词前可用介词，如： I have no idea of h

3、ow to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 某些形容词，如：careless等不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语。这类词主要有： careless, clever, considerate, foolish, good, impolite, kind, naughty, nice, silly, stupid, absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, thoughtful, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish,

4、 wicked, wrong等 It is very kind of you to help me你帮助我太好了。 七）非谓语动词中的有关句型 （1）动名词作主语的句型 1）Doing.+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 2) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It

5、is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。 3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth It is useless speaking.光说没用。 It is nice seeing you again真高兴又遇到了你。 It is good Playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this c

6、ar开这种小车是浪费。 4)There is no + doing.(there is no 表“不可能”) There is no telling what he is going to do说出他要干什么是不可能的。 There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。 5)There is no use (good/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性) There is no use crying over spilt milk牛奶洒了，哭也无用。 6)have difficulty /tr

7、ouble/problem + (in)+doing have作有解时，后接情感名词(in可省略)，再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. 例如：We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan我们执行计划有困难。 7)feel like + 名词 后加动名词 “ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 I feel like a newborn baby我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? I dont fee

8、l like studying tonight今晚我不想读书。 8) spend/waste time doing sth. They spent a lot time (in) making preparations他们花了许多时间作准备。 9)在require后只能用动名词，不能用不定式，尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 This problem requires studying with great care这个问题需要仔细研究。 10） cant help, cant stand, burst out, give up, feel like, keep on9 set ab

9、out, object to, be used to, devote to, look forward to, stick to, pay attention to, insist on.persist in等后面用动名词作宾语。 I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. (2)有关分词句型 1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to)，notice，observe，smell，watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可

10、以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等)，也可以是代词宾格(him，us等)。例如： She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 I watched them rehearsing the play我看他们排演戏。 I could feel the wind blowing on my face我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。 2)表示“致使”等意义的动词，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述(1)的结构，有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如： I caught them st

11、ealing my apples我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 If she catches me reading her diary，shell be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。 We found him waiting to receive us我们发现他正等着接待我们。 3)go +现在分词表示“从事”之意，这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如：jogging慢跑，fishing钓鱼，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保龄球，shopping 购物，sightseeing游览，camping露营。 Ill

12、go camping tomorrow我明天去露营。 Ill go shopping我去商店。 Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? 4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做 I am busy writing my thesis我正忙着写论文。 His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers他的助教忙于批阅考卷。 或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 He is busy with his work他忙着工作。 5)What do you say to + ing分词?(

13、怎么样?) What do you say to joining us for dinner? 和我们一起进餐，你看怎么样? （3）有关动词不定式句型 下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法，只能用不定式形式。 can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative but to do When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that

14、 the public will appreciate his gift. (4)there be的非谓语形式 there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams 1)作宾语时， there to be或者there being是由前面的动词或者介词决定。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如： We dont want there to be any com

15、rades lagging behind，我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 We have no objection to there being a meeting here我们并不反对在这里开会。 2) 作状语时，多用there being结构，但若置于介词for之后，用there to be，整个介词短语作程度状语，其它多半用there being。 There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself由于附近没有人，我只

16、得独自干了。 (原因状语) Its too early for there to be anybody up太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(状语) It isnt enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jims car out quite safely(作状语) 3) 作主语时，两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be。 It i

17、s not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers幼儿园在校园内对女教师十分方便。 4)作定语时，There be结构作定语时，定语从句中谓语为there be，there之前的关系代词常常省略。如： This is the fastest train (that) there is to N

18、anking这是到南京的最快一班车。 I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。二、不定式与分词的区别： (1)不定式与分词作定语时的区别： The meeting held last week is very important（过去分词held作定语，表示动作已完成） The meeting being held is very important（现在分词被动式作定语，表示动作正在进行） The meeti

19、ng to be held next week is very important（不定式被动式“to be held”作定语，表示未来将发生的动作。） (2)不定式与分词作状语时的区别： 不定式一般可作原因、目的和结果状语，而分词可作时间、原因、条件、方式、让步、伴随等状语。但都需要注意句子的谓语动词与不定式、分词的逻辑主语的统一。In order to get the first prize, he study harder than before.Hearing the words, he burst into tears.(3) only十分词与only十不定式的区别“only+现在分

20、词”的意思是结果只是；“only+不定式”意思是想不到、反而并没有料到的结果：He died，only leaving debts（他死了，只留下一身债。）He lifted a rock only to drop on his own foot（他搬起石头，想不到砸了自己的脚。）(4)不定式与分词作宾补时的区别： 不定式作宾补表示动作已经完成，强调动作发生过的这一事实，强调由此行动而产生的结果；而现在分词作宾补强调动作的过程即动作正在进行。 I found him coming into the building我看到他正在走进大楼。 I found him come into the bu

21、ilding我看到他走进了大楼。 (5)注意：如在句子中出现often、seldom、usually等频度副词，表示动作的经常性，而不是动作正在进行，所以通常用动词不定式。 三、分词的独立主格结构。 在分词作状语时，一个十分关键的问题是分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相一致。但有时候为了表达更清楚，主语无法统一的时候，可以在分词前加上相应的逻辑主语，这种结构就称为分词的独立主格结构。 分词的独立主格的基本结构是： 名词（代词）+现在分词 名词（代词）+过去分词 Weather permitting, we will go to picnic tomorrow. Everything consid

22、ered, we set out together.在独立主格中使用过去分词还是现在分词，要看逻辑主语，与逻辑主语的关系是主谓就用现在分词；与逻辑主语是动宾关系则用过去分词。Step5：典型例题讲解例1: He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder_ out and three men climbing down it. A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been th

23、rown【解析】答案为B。动词see可与现在分词或动词不定式连用，前者强调动作持续发生一段时间，后者强调的是动作已经完成，如：I looked over and saw Joe staring at me；此题，选see sbdoing结构，因为rope ladder(绳梯)自己不会扔出飞机，因此要用现在分词的被动结构，排除A项和C项；此外像see这类的河还有一些，如hear，like，feel，notice，observe，find，watch等，它们一般不跟分词的完成形式连用，因此D项也不合适。正确答案是B。 例2: Professor Johnson is said some signi

24、ficant advance in his research in the past year. Ahaving made Bmaking Cto have made Dto make【解析】答案为C。据题意，此句中的空处应为主语补语，与主语构成复合主语。动词不定式和现在分词都可作主补；现在分词强调的是动作的进行，如：He was seen going up stairs；She was heard singing all the time；动词不定式强调的是整个事件的过程，如：The room was found to be empty；He was said to come from Ne

25、w Zealand；据题意，排除A和B 项。又因为主补的动作在谓语动词之前发生，所以要用动词不定式的完成时，C项最符合题意。 例3: The three men tried many times to sneak across the border into the neighbouring country, _ by the police each time. A. had been captured B. being always capturedC. only to be captured D. unfortunately captured【解析】答案为C。据题意，此句的后半句为表示结果

26、的状语。动词不定式作状语可以表示结果，尤其在句尾用“only to”可以表示一种出乎意料的，通常是不愉快的结果，如：Ihurried to the station only to find that the train had lelt。故正确答案为选项C。译文为“这三人多次企图偷偷越过边界进入邻国，不料每次都被警察抓住”。 例4: This missile is designed so that once _ nothing can be done to retrieve it. A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired【解析

27、】答案为A。句中“once”是连词，意思是“一就；一旦；当时”，如：Once he goes，we can clean up；“once”后也可跟分词，强调时间，作时间状语。动词“fire”的逻辑主语是“the missile”，二者是被动关系，过去分词“fired”含有被动的意味，所以答案为A；其实我们可以把原句补充完整“This missile is designed so that once the missile is fired nothing can be done to retrieve it”，这样就句子结构显得更清楚，句中“the missile is”省略了。又见以下例句：

28、Once (the dictionary is) printed, this dictionary will be very popular1 例5： _ ，he can now only watch it on TV at home. A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match【解析】答案为C。该题的前半句为原

29、因状语，分词短语的逻辑主语是主句的主语he,因此要用表示主动的现在分词结构；再者，分词短语的动作已于主句的动作之前发生，所以用分词的完成形式；符合题意的只有C项，相当于原因状语从句“Because he has not obtained l ticket for the match”。 又如：Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. 例6: Arriving at the bus stop waiting there. A. a lot of people were B. he found a lot of peopl

30、e C. a lot of people D. people were found【解析】答案为B。时间状语为现在分词，而分词的主语应和主句的主语保持一致，“Arriving at the bus stop”相当于“When he arrived at the bus stop”；空处应该选择动词arrive 逻辑主语he作为主句的主语，排除A项9C项和D项。又如：Crossing the road(As was crossing the road), he was run over by a car。故正确答案为Bo 例7: regular training in nursing, she

31、could hardly cope with the work at first. A. Not received B. Since receiving C. Having received D. Not having received【解析】答案为D。receive的逻辑主语是主句的主语she，因此应选择表示主动的现在词形式，排除选项A；又因为receive的动作在主句谓语动词之前发生，所以要用receiving完成时态。作状语表示条件，相当于If she had not received regular training in nursing除选项B；完成时态的现在分词短语在作状语时，其否定形式是not+having十过去分词所以正确答案为选项D。 例8: There nothing more for discussion, the meeting came