广州版8年级英语上册U1语法代词.docx

1、广州版8年级英语上册U1语法代词 初二英语专题学案：代词八年级上册U1同步Warm-up: ReadingDinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. They lived everywhere on Earth. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. Others were as big as ten elephants. Some could even fly.Many dinosaurs ate plants. However, some di

2、nosaurs like to eat meat.一、重 难 点1）some和any用法2) somebody, anybody, nobody 的用法3) 拓展：不定代词二、精讲点拨(一) some和any用法some 的用法：some 通常用于肯定句中，后面加可数名词的复数或是不可数名词皆可，表示“一些”。Some 用于以下情境中：1.肯定句There are some new books on the teachers desk.We have a lot of sugar. Take some with you, please.He bought some bread, didnt h

3、e?2. 表示请求或建议的一般疑问句，通常都希望得到对方肯定的答复，所以也用some。如：May I ask you some questions?Would you like some tea?除了may 和would 引导的一般疑问句用some外，还有 can，could，will，what about，how about 引导的疑问句中也要用some而非any。any 的用法：any 通常用于否定句，疑问句及条件状语从句，后面加可数名词复数或是不可数名词。any 用于以下情境中：1 否定句I cant give you any help now.Do not make any noise

4、.There werent any trees here, were there?2.含有除not以外的其他否定词或否定结构的句子。如：Jim hardly makes any mistakes in his homework.He went to London without any money in his pocket.She was too poor to buy any new clothes.3.一般疑问句（希望得到肯定回答的问句除外）。如：Did she buy any tomatoes yesterday?I want some paper. Do you have any?4

5、.条件状语从句。如：If you have any question, you can ask me for help. 5. any用在肯定句中，表示“任何一个”。如：You can take any of them. (二)somebody, anybody, nobody 的用法 something, anything, nothing1.由some-和any-构成的复合不定代词，其用法区别与some和any相同。即是说some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句或是委婉的疑问句，any-用于否定句，疑问句或是条件状语从句。如：Something is wrong with her eyes.

6、There is not anybody in this room2. somebody=someoneanybody=anyone nobody=no one 3. no=not.any 如：There is not anybody in the room. = There is nobody in the room. 4. somebody ,anybody, nobody 在句子中充当主语时，把它们当第三人称单数。如：Something is wrong with my computer. Nobody is in the room. Is there anybody here? 5.修

7、饰复合不定代词的形容词或其它词要放在其后，即定语后置。 如: There is something important in todaysnewspaper. 三、拓展：不定代词（一） each 与 every 的用法1. each 强调个体，表示两个或两个以上中的“每一个”，在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。如：There are trees and flowers at each side of the road.2. every 强调整体，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，只能作定语，不能说 every of them ，要说 every one of them .如：Every s

8、tudent in our class works hard.（二） no one 与 none 的用法1. no one 意为“没有人”，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词 of 连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答 who 引导的问句。如： Who is in the classroom？ No one.2. none 既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”；谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；常与 of 连用，通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”，回答 how much 和 how many 引导的问句。如：They were all tired，but none of them wo

9、uld stop to have a rest.（三） other， another， others， the others， the other 的用法1. other 表示泛指，意为“另外的、其它的”。常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有 the， this， some， any， each， every， no， one 以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。Other+名词=others 。如：He is always polite to others.= He is always polite to other people. 2. another 常用于指三者或三者以上中

10、的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词。another 后还可接数词再接名词复数，表示“再几个.”。如：This cap is too small for me. Show me another （one）.We need another three assistants in our shop.3. others ：它是 other 的复数形式，表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如：He has more concern for others than for himself.4. the others 表示一个已知范围

11、剩下的所有人或物，等于the other + 名词复数。如：You cant eat more apples，the others （= the other apples ） are for your sister。5. the other ：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可接单数名词。如：I have two brothers. One is Tom, the other is Tim. 另外，the other + 名词复数=the others ，表示一个范围内剩下来的所有。如：20 students in my class like football，the others （=

12、the other students ）like basketball。（四） all 与 both 的用法均表示“都”，但 all 表示三者以上的人或物， both 则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义，如果与 not 连用时，则表示部分否定。There are 3 books here. They are all interesting. My parents are both teachers.（五） neither 与 either 的用法都可用于表示两个人或物。 neither 表否定意义，意为“（两者中的每一个）都不”；而 either 表肯定意义，意为“（两者中的每一个）都”。都

13、可单独使用，也可同介词 of 连用。如：Both teams were in hard training； neither willing to lose the game. Do you want tea or coffee？ Either. I really dont mind.（六） few、little、a few、a little的用法：few、little表示“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思, a few、a little表“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物

14、。Dont worry. There is still a little time left. In that polar region there live few people.（七） it， one 和 that1. it 可指代可数名词和不可数名词。常常指代上文中“ the+ 名词”或“物主代词 + 名词”中的名词，表示同一件事物，但 it 代替的事物属于特指。它的复数形式是 they 或 them .如：The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.2. on

15、e 所表示的名词（可指人或物）和前面所提到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个，不是指其中某一个。不能代替不可数名词。复数形式是 ones .如：I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.3. that 指代的也是同一类事物而不是同一个事物，但 that 代替的是有定冠词的名词，表特指，它还可以代替不可数名词。用 that 来代替前面已出现的可数名词（ that 相当于 the one ）或不可数名词时，后面一定要跟修饰语，且 that 只能指物。如：The weather in Beijing is colder than

16、that in Guangzhou. 总之，我们在使用不定代词时，一要注意指代的范围；二要注意是表示肯定还是否定；三要注意词性（它们还可用作形容词）。巩固练习一用some 或者any填空 1. - Are there_ maps on the wall? - Yes, there are2. - Have you got _ uncles? Yes, and i have got _ aunts too.3. There is _ meat and fish for lunch.4. We havent got _ beef. Lets buy_.5. -Is there _ cheese?

17、- No, there isnt _.二 单项选择1. There are _ dumplings, but there isnt _ bread in the fridge.A. some; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some2. I asked Lily for some water, but she didnt have_.A. some B. few C. many D. Any3. Would you like to get me _ water? Im thirty.A. some B. any C.few D. little4.

18、My uncle told me I could take _ book I like from his bookshelf.A. some B. any C. no D. not5. Here _ some of our suggestions.A. are B. is C. be D. was6. We have three sons but_ of them lives near here.A. no one B. none C. no one D. all7. We all went to the supermarket. No one_ at home yesterday after

19、noon.A. were B. be C. was D. is8. Will you pass me _ salt on the table?A. any B. few C. little D. some9. We couldnt eat in the restaurant because _ of us had _ money with us.A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any D. nobody; any10. He is very lazy. He doesnt do _ housework at home.A. some B. any C. a few

20、 D. many11. There isnt _ water in the glass. Lets go and get some.A. many B. lots C. any D. some12. He told me all the news but none of it _ very exciting.A. is B. are C. be D. was13. Although(尽管) we were very tired _ of us would stop to have a rest.A. no one B. some one C. none D. any14. There are_

21、 onions and potatoes, but there arent _ mushrooms.A. some; some B. some; any C. any; some D. any; any15. I dont have a present for my friend. What if_ else brings a present?A. anybody B. nobody C. everyone D. none16. - Where is my notebook? - I dont know. It isnt here. Maybe _ took it away by mistak

22、e.A. everyone B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody17. - Does _ know the answer to the question? - MeA. everyone B. anybody C. everyone D. nobody18. - Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday? - _. I cleaned it all by myself.A. somebody B. nobody C. everybody D. anybody19. - The exam was very easy, w

23、asnt it? - Yes, but i dont think _ would pass it.A. somebody B. body C. everybody D. nobody20. A: What a big box! Can i help you?B: No, thanks. Theres _ in it. Its empty.A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. Something中考连接1.-How many more oranges can I have?-You can have one more. are for Tom. (03,

24、广州)A. The others B. Another C. Others D. The other2.-Oh, hi, Judy. (03,广州)-Hi, Jason. Come in. Make at home. A. yourself B. us C. yourselves D. you3.-Can I talk to you for a minute, Brian? (03,广州)-Sure, I have time.A. a few B. little C. few D. a little4.Mike is taller than any boy student in his cla

25、ss. (04,广州)A. each B. other C. another D. one5.We have two bedrooms, but of them is big enough for six people to live in.A. none B. both C. any D. either (04,广州) 6.-Why did take Aunt Alice almost an hour to get home?-I dont know. Maybe there was something wrong with her car. (04,广州)A. that B. it C.

26、she D. this 7.-Oh, these presents are so nice.-The CD is from Betty and the books are from . (05,广州)A. I and Hellen B. Helen and me C. Helens and mine D. Helen and I 8.-Could you lend me your dictionary? I left at home. (06,广州)-Certainly. A. it B. yours C. one D. mine 9.-Is true that Americans eat h

27、amburgers and hot dogs every day?-No, thats not true, but they are both very popular foods in America. (06,广州)A. this B. anything C. it D. something10.-Thank you for such a lovely evening. We really enjoyed .-Well, thanks for coming. (07,广州)A. us B. ourselves C. you D. yourselves11.Miss Green didnt

28、talk much to other people. There was always a little sad about her. (08,广州)A. nothing B. anything C. everything D. nothing12.-Doctor, whats the problem with my son?-Dont worry. It is serious. Its only a cold. (09,广州)A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything13.- Have you brought with you? We

29、wont have time to come back.-Dont worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag. (10,广州)A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing14.How dangerous! She was driving the car with one hand and holding an ice cream with _. (11,广州)A. the other B. another C. others D. other综合练习一、单项选择1. If

30、 you dont know the meaning of the word, you can _ in a dictionary.A.look it up B. look up it C. look for it D. look it for 2. For example, his notebooks _ some interesting drawings of flying machines.A. including B. is included C. to include D. include 3. The volunteers sent _ books to a mountain village school on Children