新课标外研社版高中英语必修三教材知识点详解Module1Europe1.docx

1、新课标外研社版高中英语必修三教材知识点详解Module1Europe1教材优化全析Introduction1.The United Kingdom is an island in northwest Europe off the coast of continental Europe.英国是远离欧洲大陆在欧洲西北方的一个岛屿。continental adj. 。例如：a continental climate 2.France is Europes third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Cha

2、nnel. ，与英国隔着英吉利海峡遥遥相望。（1）face v. 面对，面向，面临，应付。例如： .那座建筑物面对着公园。How does the house face？ ？It faces（to the）east.朝东。 . 我面临着新的问题。（2）across prep.（表示运动）横过，越过（表示位置）在的对面。例如： 那个老人小心地越过马路。He lives across the street from us. 。3.Italy is in the south of Europe on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.意大利位于欧洲南部，地中海岸边

3、。on（表示接近）接近于，面向（河川、道路等的）旁边，沿着，朝着 例如：a house on the street a town on the river He lives on Park Avenue.他住在公园大道。4.It looks like a boot. 。look like 。例如： 她看起来很像她的妈妈。Look at the dark cloud.It looks like rain. 。5.Between Italy and France，there is a mountain range called the Alps.在意大利与法国之间是阿尔卑斯山。range n. 山

4、脉，幅度，范围，射程。例如：There is a wide price range for books. 。6.Twenty percent of the country is covered by islands. 。（1）percent adv. & n. 百分之 例如： .百分之四十以上的学生戴眼镜。Nearly 70 percent of the fund was supplied by the Government. 。（2）be covered by/with 。 例如：She covered her face with her hands. 。The mountain is co

5、vered with trees.满山都是树。Reading and vocabulary1.Paris is the capital and largest city of France，situated on the river Seine. situated adj. 坐落的，位于的；处于的状态。2.One of the worlds largest art galleries，the Louvre，is also located in Paris. locate vt. 确定，找出的位置，设立。例如：We located the island on the map. 。Where is

6、 the new factory to be located？ ？3.The city is famous for its restaurants，cafes and theatres. 。be famous for 。例如： 哥伦布因发现美洲而著名。Taian is famous for Mountain Tai. 。4.Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance，a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted

7、for three hun dred years.佛罗伦萨，一个意大利城市，因开始于14世纪并持续了300年的文艺复兴而著名。last vi. 。例如： 我们的假期持续了20天。The rainy season lasted until July. 。This coat has lasted well.这件外衣持久耐用。5.Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill were built during this period.一些建筑物如卫城内的巴台农神庙都是这个时期建造的。such as ， ：I visited several

8、 cities such as New York，Chicago and Boston. 。I like drinks such as tea and soda. 。6.Their work has influenced other writers ever since. influence v. 给予影响；左右 例如： .夏天的天气影响稻谷的收成。 ？你受了什么影响去做那件事？Function3.in front of 在的前面。例如：There is a park in front of the house. 。 .他站在我的前面。4.opposite adj. & prop. 。例如：

9、在教堂对面The buses went in opposite directions.这两辆公共汽车朝相反的方向开。5.beside prep.在的旁边。例如： .过来坐在我的旁边。The girl walked beside her mother. 。6.next to 在的旁边，紧接着。例如：the building next to the post office Who stands next to you？ Listening1.None of them speaks Spanish.没有一个人说西班牙语。none pron. 没有一个，无一。例如： 桌上的钱没有一分是我的。None

10、of us enjoy getting up early. 。 ！但是他们谁也没有变成石头！2.Neither of the girls comes from England. 。neither adj.& pron.两者都不。例如：Neither of us spoke during the journey. 。 两个男孩子中没有一个地理考试及格。I cant swim！我不会游泳！Neither can I！ ！Pronunciation and everyday English1.Whereabouts is that？它在哪里？whereabouts adv. 在哪里，在哪一带。例如：

11、Whereabouts in New York does he live？ ？2.Whats it like？它是什么样子的？Whats .like（prep.）？就某人、某地或某事物的具体情况提问。例如： ？今天的天气如何？Whats she like？I have never seen her. 。3.Its very quiet.非常的安静。quiet adj. 安静的，悄悄的，无动静的。例如：a quiet night quiet music in a quiet voice Ask the children to keep quiet. 。4.Picasso painted Mona

12、 Lisa，didnt he？毕加索画的蒙娜丽莎，是不是？paint v. 给上油漆，（用颜料等）绘，画，描写；描绘。例如： 他把墙漆成黄色。Their letters painted a wonderful picture of their life in Singapore. 。5.Imagine you are from one of the places mentioned in this module.假设你来自于此模块中提到的一个地方。（1）imagine vt. 想象，以为；假想。例如：Try to imagine a jet which is more than seventy

13、 meters long and more than five stories high at the tail. I imagine him to be a big tall man. （2）mention vt. 提到；说到；记载。例如：as mentioned above Did you mention this to my sister？ The soldier was mentioned in a report for his bravery. 。Cultural corner1.In terms of size and population，how big is the Europ

14、ean Union compared with China？ （1）in terms of以的观点；就而说。例如：In terms of quality，the goods arent good. 。（2）union n. 联合，联盟，和谐。例如： .团结就是力量。（3）population n. 人口。例如： ？ 这个城市的人口是多少？This city has a population of more than 1 000 000. 2.The countries are independent and are governed in different ways.这些国家都是独立的，管理

15、方式也各不相同。（1）independent adj. 独立的；自主的。例如： 虽然她很年轻，但是很有主见。Zimbabwe became independent in 1980. 。（2）govern v. 统治；治理；控制。例如： 管理学校Who are the men who really govern in this country？谁是这个国家的真正统治者？3.In France，on the other hand，the head of state is a president.而法国的首脑是总统。 另一方面。例如：I want to go to the party，but on

16、the other hand I ought to be studying. 4.But each of them sends representatives to the European parliament，which has some control over what happens in each of the member countries.欧洲议会有权协调各成员国内所发生的事情，每一个成员国在议会中都派有一个代表。（1）representative n. 代表；代理人。例如：a representative of a company 公司的代表（2）control n. 控制

17、力；影响力。 例如：The teacher has no control over the students. The captain has got control over the team. 。5.How many countries belong to it now？现在它的成员国为多少？belong to 例如： 那本书属于我。Do you belong to the trade union？ 你是商会会员吗？China is a developing country belonging to the third world. 。6.In 2004，the Europe Union

18、increased to 25 members. 。increase v. & n. 增加；增大；增多。例如：on the increase My wages have increased this year. 他的雇主增加了他的工资。7.The Czech Republic，Poland，the Slovak Republic and Slovenia，plus the Mediterranean islands of Cyrus and Malta all became members.捷克、波兰、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚，再加上赛勒斯、马耳他这些地中海的岛国都成为它的成员。plus prep

19、. 加，加上；和。例如： .3加2等于5。This work requires intelligence plus experience. 。8.The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people，twice as big as the population of the United States.扩大了的欧盟拥有五亿人口，是美国人口的五倍之多。（1）expanded adj. 膨胀的；展（张）开的。例如：expanded form 展开式expanded wings 展开的翅膀an

20、expanded program 一项扩大了的计划（2）倍数的表达方式：. . 例如：The new machine costs twice as much as the old one. 。The building being built over there is five times the height of this old one. 。Grammar （）被动语态一、使用被动语态的情况英语语态有两种，一种是主动语态，另一种是被动语态。被动语态主要用于以下几种情况：1.动作的承受者是谈话的中心，强调或突出动作承受者的作用。例如： .李明被选为会议的主席。2.只知道动作的承受者，不知道

21、动作的发生者。 纸最早是在中国制造的。3.为了某种缘故比如礼貌、婉转、修辞上的需要，不愿说出动作发出者是谁时。例如：You are expected to finish it on time.希望你能够按期完成。二、一般现在时与一般过去时的被动语态1.一般现在时中的被动语态结构：is/am/are +动词的过去分词。例如：Girls often borrow these books.These books are often borrowed by girls.女孩子常借这些书。2.一般过去时中的被动语态结构：was/were + 动词的过去分词。例如：They built the house

22、 in 1958.The house was built in 1958.这房子建于1958年。三、双宾语中的被动语态具有双宾语的句子改为被动语态时一般把代表人的宾语改为被动句的主语。例如：He gave me a new dictionary.I was given a new dictionary.他给了我一本新字典。They often ask him some questions.He is often asked some questions.他们经常问他一些问题。四、 复合结构中的被动语态1.复合结构中如果是名词、形容词、副词、代词、介词短语作宾语补足语，改为被动语态时保持不变。T

23、hey named the baby Tom.The baby was named Tom.他们给小孩取名为汤姆。Jack painted the car red.The car was painted red.杰克把车刷成了红色。2.在make，hear， watch， notice等动词后，如果有动词不定式作宾语补足语，须将不定式中的to省去，但改为被动语态时，to不能省。例如：I made him stand.He was made to stand.我让他站着。Grammar （）主谓一致所谓主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。英语中主谓一致可依据三条原则：语法一致、意

24、义一致和就近一致。一、 语法一致1.不定式、动名词、词组、句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：To become doctors is their ambition.当医生是他们的志愿。Reading without comprehension is no good.读书而不理解是不行的。What the teacher said is of great importance.老师说的话很重要。2.两个主语由with/as well as /besides/rather than/but等来连接时，谓语动词的数由最前面的主语来确定。例如：The teacher as well as the s

25、tudents has seen the film.老师和学生看过这部电影。Nobody but Xiao Wang was here.只有小王在这儿。3.用and，both.and.连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，若and连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each， every， no或many a等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家每一个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。 No teacher and no student was pr

26、esent at the party.老师和学生都没有参加晚会。4.倒装句谓语动词的数应与主语一致。例如：In the centre of Tiananmen Square stands the Chairman Maos Memorial Hall.毛主席纪念馆位于天安门广场中心。Here comes the bus.车来了。Out ran the boys.孩子们跑了出去。5.each及由 some，any， no， every构成的复合词作主语时，谓语用单数动词。例如：Each of the children has a present.每一个孩子都有礼物。Nobody knows th

27、e fact.没有人知道这件事。6.a lot of，plenty of，all，some，half，no，the rest of，分数或百分比 + 名词作主语时，谓语动词的数由后面名词的数来决定。例如：Lots of damage was caused by the fire.火灾造成了很大的损失。More than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.地球的70%被水所覆盖。All the students are ready for the picnic.所有的学生都准备好了去野餐。All the food

28、 is ready for the picnic.野餐用的食物全都准备好了。7.一些只有复数形式的名词如：clothes，scissors，trousers，shorts， glasses等作主语时，谓语动词为复数。例如：My clothes are being washed.正在洗我的衣服。Where are my glasses？我的眼镜在哪儿？8.关系代词who，what，which在定语从句中作主语时，动词与先行词保持一致。例如：I，who am your friend，will try my best to help you.我作为你的朋友将尽最大的努力来帮助你。The book t

29、hat was bought yesterday is useful.昨天买的那本书非常有用。He is one of the students that study hard.他是用功学习的学生之一。二、意义一致1.表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡的词语作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparation.有三个星期的准备时间。One hundred li was covered on a single night.一夜走了100里路。2.下列名词虽具有复数形式，但表示单数概念，它们作主语时，谓语为

30、单数：（1）学科名词：mathematics，physics，politics，economics（经济学），classics（古典文学），electronics（电子学）（2）国家、机构名词：the United States， the United Nations（联合国）， Philippines（菲律宾）（3）报刊名词：The New York Times纽约时报， The Times泰晤士报， The Sunday Times星期日泰晤士报 例如：The United States is in North America.美国位于北美。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.天方夜谭是一本非常有趣的书。3作主语用的集体名词作为一个不可分割的整体看待时，谓语动词用单数；若就其中的各个成员来考虑，谓语动词为复数。例如：The committee was made up of ten members.委员会由10个人组成。The committee were in the hall.委员们都