初中英语语法大全26 语态的概述.docx

1、初中英语语法大全26 语态的概述初中英语语法大全：语态的概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态的谓语部分的结构是be+过去分词。被动语态的句子有时态和人称，数的变化，这个变化都由be来承担，后面的过去分词不变。被动语态中的动词一定是及物动词或构成及物动词短语的词语。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English

2、is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisaretaught一般过去时：wasweretaught一般将来时：willshall betaught be going to +be+taught现在进行时：amisare beingtaugh

3、t过去进行时：havehas beentaught现在完成时：havehas beentaught过去完成时：had been +taught过去将来时: should/would +be+taught带情态动词：can/may/must+ be+taught1.一般现在时History is made by the people.历史是人民创造的。2.一般过去时These new cars were made in Tianjing in 1994.这些新车是1994年在天津生产的。3.一般将来时Li Ming will be asked to attend the lecture.李明将被

4、邀请参加讲座。4.现在进行时A new railway is being built.一条新铁路正在修建。5.过去进行时The roads were being widened.路那时正在加宽。6.现在完成时He has been sent to work in Shanghai.他已经被派往去上海工作了。7.过去完成时A new hotel had been built when I got there.我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。8.过去将来时He said a new hotel would be built in two months.他说两个月后新旅馆就会建好了的。被动语态的否

5、定句和疑问句English is not used in European countries.欧洲国家不使用英语。Is English used in European countries？欧洲国家使用英语吗？1.否定句凡是有be动词的句子，其否定句都是在be动词的后面加not，被动语态也不例外。This song is not liked by young people.这支歌不被年轻人所喜爱。Rome was not built in a day.罗马城不是一天建成的。2.被动语态的疑问句把Be动词放在句首，就构成了被动语态的一般疑问句；而疑问词+一般疑问句就构成了被动语态的特殊疑问句了

6、。Is Chinese used only in China？汉语只是在中国使用吗？Were these computers made in the U.S.A.？这些计算机是美国制造的吗？Yes，they were.是的。No，they werent.不是。What language is spoken in China？中国说什么语言？Chinese.汉语。What was it made of？它是什么制造的？It was made of bamboo.是竹子造的。三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁 例如：Some new computers were stol

7、en last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This book was published in (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：the window was broken by Mike.This book was written by him.Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。/ 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结

8、构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by themin the factory.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态

9、动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away.They should do it at once. It should be done at once.He is going to make it.It is going to be made（

10、by him）.We can change water into ice.我们可以把水变成冰。Water can be changed into ice.水可以被变成冰。You must not take out any books.你不可以拿走任何一本书。Any books mustnt be taken out by you.六、使用被动语态应注意的几点1.带双宾语的主动结构的句子，变为被动语态结构时，只能将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍要保留。如果保留的是间接宾语，要在间接宾语之前加上介词to或for.如：She sent me a novel on my birthday.I w

11、as sent a novel on my birthday.She sent a novel to me on my birthday.A novel was sent to me on my birthday.We are taught English by her.或English is taught to us by her.同样类型的：give sb sth/buy sb sth； give sth to sb/ buy sth for sb.2.当使役动词和感官动词（如make，let，hear，see等）用与被动语态时，不定式必须带toThe boss made him work

12、 over twelve hours a day.He was made to work over twelve hours a day.3.短语动词用于被动语态应作为一个整体，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如：The meeting has been put off.4.有些及物动词和及物动词短语(多表示“静态”)不能用于被动语态，常见的有have， cost， last， hold， fit， agree with等。5.有些不及物动词以主动形式表示被动意义，常见的有cut， wash， write， sell等。如： The shirt washes well.动词短语的被动语态take c

13、are of照看be taken care ofcut down砍倒be cut downlaugh at嘲笑be laughed atlook after照料be looked after必背！被动语态的动词短语以下这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加“by”。be covered with 用覆盖着be surprised at 对感到惊奇be known to 出名be interested in 对感兴趣be made of（from） 用制造的主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况学了被动语态，有些同学认为主动句和被动句可以随便换用，没什么差别，这是一个错觉，在一般情况下主动句比被动句用

14、得多。同时，要注意有些情况下是不能变为被动语态的。动词的变化动词通常有下述的五种变化形态，以use 为例：原形 use第三人称单数现在式 uses过去式 used过去分词 used现在分词 using1.当宾语是反身代词时The man introduced himself as Mr. Parker.那个人自我介绍说他是帕克。I found myself in the park.我不知不觉地来到公园里。2.当谓语是表状态的及物动词时Does the pair of new shoes suit you？那双新鞋你穿着合适吗？We will have a meeting.（）A meeting

15、 will be had.（）A meeting will be held.被动语态与系表结构的区别“be +过去分词”可能是系表结构，也可能是被动语态，其主要区别是：被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。The letter was written yesterday.（动作）信是昨天写的。The letter is written in English.（状态）这信是用英文写的。The store is closed at five.（动作）这个商店五点钟关门。The store is closed today.（状态）这个商店今天不开门。注意为了明确地

16、表示该被动语态是表示动作的，可用get来代替be动词。My bike got（代替was）stolen.我的自行车被偷了。(广州06) As usual, Meihua _ at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school. A. has woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. was woken up(06) We should water the young trees every two days. The young trees should be watered by us every

17、two days.2、 含有介词的短语动词的被动用法；(广州05) A neighbour helped to keep our dog. It _ while we were on holiday. A. was taken care B. took care of C. is taken care of D. was taken care of学生易错点典型错题一： （01广州市中考题）The man who lived alone on the island thought he _ never be _.A. will, find B. would, be found C. is, f

18、ound D. had, been found原因分析：学生受thought的影响，认为没有被人发现是在宾语从句结构中，因此时态应该为过去完成时态D，但是此题应该是一个对于语境的考查题，the man过去独自一人居住在岛上，因此过去的过去没有被人发现是事实，但是句中never的隐含着永远不的意思，语义上更倾向于过去的将来，故而答案应该为B。典型错题二：（02广州市中考题）Dont worry. All the children _ by the nurses.A. are well taken care of B. take good care ofC. are taken good care

19、 D. take good care原因分析：学生想当然地认为短语take care of 中可以用形容词good修饰名词care的情况是唯一正确的形式，没有意识到在动词+介词/ 副词结构中，介词或副词是不可以随意丢弃的，再者，短语take care of本身可以看作一个动词结构，副词well修饰动词的用法也是正确的。因此答案只能是A。典型错题三：Can you tell me whom the play _ in 2003?A. is written B. was written C. is written by D. was written by原因分析：学生看到了四个选项就已经很明确地知道了考查被动语态结构，接着看到题干中的in 2003就已经乐开了，而忽视了题干中whom的存在，误选了答案B。正确答案为D。典型错题四：区别本身只具有主动意义的词（近五年未出现在广州市中考试题中）；Can you tell me _?A. when did it happen B. when it happened C. when was it happened D. when it was happened 原因分析：学生误以为happen是及物动词而选择D，正确答案为B。