高考英语考前必看语法填空常见考点荟萃.docx

1、高考英语考前必看语法填空常见考点荟萃高考英语考前必看语法填空常见考点荟萃 高考英语考前必看语法填空常见考点荟萃 名 词 1.特殊名词的复数:child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,species-species,stomach-stomachs,deer-deer,goose-geese,ox-oxen,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,phenomenon-phenomena,means-means,series-series,crisis

2、-crises,basis-bases,German-Germans,Australian-Australians,2.不可数名词:advice,baggage,equipment,information,luggage,furniture,fun,weather,knowledge,jewelry,progress,traffic,3.可数不可数均可，但意思不同:arm 手臂,arms 武器;good 好处,goods 货物;green 绿色,greens 蔬菜;paper纸,papers论文;sand沙,sands 沙滩;time时间,times时代;water水,waters 水域;wo

3、od木材,woods森林;work 工作,works 著作;experience 经验,experiences 经历;room 空间,rooms 房间;exercise锻炼,exercises 练习;4.只有复数形式的名词：trousers,clothes,socks,shorts,goods,thanks,congratulations,belongings,scissors,glasses,wages 工资；riches 财富；surroundings 环境；ashes 灰尘；compasses 圆规;5.复数形式，单数意思的名词：plastics,news,politics,physic

4、s,mathematics,6.复合名词的复数形式:girl-friends,boy-students,women-teachers,men-workers,passers-by,go-betweens,grown-ups,7.谓语动词用复数的名词:police,cattle,clothes,goods,8.抽象名词具体化为可数名词：surprise,cold,pleasure,pity,failure,success,worry,honor,must,difficulty,youth,beauty,wonder,danger,interest,9.辅音字母+o结尾复数加-es 的名词：tom

5、ato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes,10.变“f”或“fe”为“v”之后再加-es 为复数形式的名词：wife-wives,life-lives,knife-knives,wolf-wolves,self-selves,leaf-leaves,shelf-shelves,thief-thieves,11.特殊注意的名词:people(民族,人);nature(自然,特性)；man(男人,人类)，youth(年轻人,青年男子,青春)12.特殊注意的搭配:congratulations 祝贺;have words with sb.同某人吵架;in hi

6、gh spirits 以很高热情地;give ones regards to sb.向某人问侯;in rags 衣衫破烂;It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事;冠 词 1.序数词前用不定冠词则表示“又一，再一”之意 如：read a second time 再读一遍。2.“a first”可表示“第一名、冠军”之意 如：He often gets a first in maths.他数学经常得第一。3.such,what,quite,rather,half+不定冠词+形容词+名词 如：such a nice film 这样好的电影。4.as,so,too,ho

7、w,however+形容词+不定冠词+名词 如：so short a time.如此短的时间。5.half,twice,three times+the+名词 如：twice the price双倍的代价。6.all,both,double+the+名词 如：all the students 我们班所有的学生。7.the与比较级连用，表示二者当中更突出的一个 如：the taller of the two girls 更高的这个女孩。8.在有些词组中，有无冠词含义不同 in hospital(因病)住院,in the hospital 在医院(工作、参观等)；by sea 乘船,by the s

8、ea 在海边;in charge of 负责,in the charge of 由负责；by day 在白天,by the day 按日计算;out of question 没问题,out of the question 不可能;a number of 许多；好些,the number of(的)数目;in a way有一点,in the way挡着去路;next week 下周;the next week 第二周 不 规 则 动 词 burst-burst-burst-bursting;hurt-hurt-hurt-hurting;hit-hit-hit-hitting;spread-spr

9、ead-spread-spreading;shut-shut-shut-shutting;beat-beat-beaten-beating;run-ran-run-running;swim-swam-swum-swimming;deal-dealt-dealt-dealing;set-set-set-setting;hear-heard-heard-hearing;lie-lay(lied)-lain(lied)-lying;hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung-hanging;mean-meant-meant-meaning;bend-bent-bent-bending;

10、show-showed-showed/shown-showing;build-built-built-building;lend-lent-lent-lending;spend-spent-spent-spending;bring-brought-brought-bringing;fight-fought-fought-fighting;feed-fed-fed-feeding;seek-sought-sought-seeking;catch-caught-caught-catching;dig-dug-dug-digging;teach-taught-taught-teaching;flee

11、-fled-fled-fleeing;hold-held-held-holding;lead-led-led-leading;meet-met-met-meeting;say-said-said-saying;shoot-shot-shot-shooting;stick-stuck-stuck-sticking;win-won-won-winning;feel-felt-felt-feeling;keep-kept-kept-keeping;leave-left-left-leaving;lay-laid-laid-laying;sweep-swept-swept-sweeping;pay-p

12、aid-paid-paying;stand-stood-stood-standing;lose-lost-lost-losing;wind-wound-wound-winding;sell-sold-sold-selling;blow-blew-blown-blowing;drive-drove-driven-driving;draw-drew-drawn-drawing;eat-ate-eaten-eating;fall-fell-fallen-falling;grow-grew-grown-growing;throw-threw-thrown-throwing;forgive-forgot

13、-forgiven-forgiving;know-knew-known-knowing;forbid-forbad/forbade-forbidden-forbidding;ride-rode-ridden-riding;sew-sewed-sewn-sewing;shake-shook-shaken-shaking;bite-bit-bitten-biting;write-wrote-written-writing;break-broke-broken-breaking;hide-hid-hidden-hiding;tear-tore-torn-tearing;forget-forgot-f

14、orgotten-forgetting;freeze-froze-frozen-freezing;go-went-gone-going;steal-stole-stolen-stealing;choose-chose-chosen-choosing;begin-began-begun-beginning;bear-bore-born/borne-bearing;fly-flew-flown-flying;wear-wore-worn-wearing;weave-wove-woven-weaving;picnic-picnicked-picnicked-picnicking;2.加-ed 或-i

15、ng要双写最后一个字母的动词 regret 后悔；control 控制；admit 承认；occur 出现；prefer 宁愿；refer提到；forget 忘记；permit 允许；equip 装备;skip 跳绳;trip绊倒;travel 旅游;plan计划;stop 停止;beg乞讨;注意：quarrel,signal,travel 中的 l 可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）3.加-ing要双写最后一个字母的动词 begin 开始 set 设置 shut 关闭 swim 游泳 put 放 形 容 词 1.不规则形容词与副词：far,late,old,bad,ill,many,m

16、uch,good,well,little,2.只修饰可数名词的有：few,a few,many,a great/good many,a large number of 3.只修饰不可数名词的有：little,a little,much,a large amount of,a great/good deal of 4.可数不可数都可修饰的有：a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,large quantities of,5.只作表语的形容词：abroad 国外的,afraid 害怕的,ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,as

17、leep 睡着的,awake醒着的,fond喜欢的,6.习惯后置的形容词:enough 充足的,included 包括的,present 出席的,left剩下的,involved 有关的,abroad国外的,afraid 害怕的,ahead 向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡着的,awake 醒着的,deep深的,long长的,high 高的,thick 厚的,old 老的,thin 薄的,wide宽的,narrow 窄的,junior年少的,senior年长的,7.形容词变副词的规则 形容词变副词通常是加 ly,其变化有规律可循,请记住以下口诀：一般直接加，“元 e”

18、去 e加，“辅 y”改 i 加，“le”结尾 e改 y。分别举例如下：quick-quickly;true-truly;happy-happily;pssible-possibly 具体规则如下：1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如：quick-quickly;polite-politely;sad-sadly;immediate-immediately;recent-recently 2.少数以 e结尾的形容词，要去掉 e再加-ly。如：true-truly;due-duly 绝大多数辅音字母加 e 结尾的形容词直接加-ly。如：polite-politely;wide-widely;wise-

19、wisely;nice-nicely 3.以“y”结尾的，且读音为/i/，先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”，如：happy-happily;heavy-heavily;angry-angrily;busy-busily 但是如果读音为/ai/，直接加 ly，如：dry-dryly;sly-slyly;shy-shyly 4.以 ic 结尾的词，加 ally，如：economic-economically;basic-basically;scientific-scientifically;automatic-automatically;energetic-energetically;但是 pu

20、blic-publicly 例外。5.以辅音字母加 le结尾时,去 e加 y，如：simple-simply;considerable-considerably;terrible-terribly gentle-gently;possible-possibly;probable-probably;incredible-incredibly 元音字母加 le时加 ly，如：sole-solely。但是 whole-wholly例外。6.以-ll 结尾时，只须加 y，如：dull-dully;shrill-shrilly 需注意:有些以 ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：friendly peop

21、le;motherly care;lovely dog;monthly exam;heavenly peace;a manly sport 动 词 和 1.加-ed 或-ing要双写最后一个字母的动词 regret 后悔；control 控制；admit 承认；occur 出现；prefer 宁愿；refer提到；forget 忘记；permit 允许；equip 装备;skip 跳绳;trip绊倒;travel 旅游;plan计划;stop 停止;beg乞讨;2.常见可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的动词 accuse 控告,指责;cheat 骗取;cure治好;inform 通知;r

22、emind 使某人想起;rid 使某人摆脱;rob抢劫;warn 警告;convince使某人信服;3.常见可用于“动词+sb.+for doing sth.”的动词 动 词 短 语 blame指责;criticize批评;forgive原谅;excuse 原谅某人;pardon 原谅某人;punish 惩罚;scold 指责;thank 感谢;4.常见可用于“动词+sb.+into doing sth.”的动词 cheat 欺骗;trick 哄骗;fool 愚弄;force迫使;argue说服;talk 劝服;terrify威胁;frighten 吓唬;persuade说服;5.常见容易误用

23、作及物动词的不及物动词 deal with a problem 处理问题;depend on sb.依靠某人;insist on doing sth.坚持做;knock on/at the door 敲门;operate on sb.为某人做手术;participate in sth.参加某事;refer to sth.查阅某物;reply to a letter 回信;rely on sb./sth.依靠某人/某物;6.可用作系动词的动词 act 举动像;appear显得;be是;become变成;blow风吹;break 突变;continue连续;fall 来临;feel 觉得;fly飘

24、扬;get 变得;go 达到;grow 逐渐变得;keep 连续;lie位于;look 看起来;make开始;play上演;prove 证明;rank列为;remain依然;run运转;seem 似乎;set 落沉;smell 闻起来;sound 听起来;stand矗立;stay坚持;taste 尝起来;turn转变;wax 增大;wear穿着;work 运作;7.习惯接过去分词作宾补的动词(动词+sb./sth.+done)have让,hear 听到,see 看见,watch观察,leave 留下,make使得,feel 感觉,find发现,get 使得,acknowledge承认,bear

25、忍受,declare宣称,desire渴望,fancy设想,imagine 想象,keep保持,need 需要,notice注意,want 想要,8.习惯接 sb./sth.+from+动名词的动词 ban禁止,bar阻拦,discourage劝阻,excuse免除,hold 控制,keep 保持,prevent 防止,prohibit 禁止,protect 保护,save挽救,stop 中止,9.习惯接动名词作宾语的动词 acknowledge承认,自认;admit 承认;dislike不喜欢,讨厌;complete完成;appreciate 感激,欣赏;avoid 避免;enjoy享有,喜

26、爱;bear忍受;delay延迟;escape逃跑,逃避;deny否认;consider 考虑;fancy幻想,爱好;mind 介意;finish 完成,结束;resist 抵抗,阻止;permit 允许;imagine设想;risk冒险;practise 实行,实践;save营救,储蓄;prevent 阻止;keep 保持;quit放弃,停止;suggest 建议;10.习惯接同源宾语的动词 bow鞠躬,cough 咳嗽,dance跳舞,die死,dream 梦,fight 战斗,laugh 笑,look 看,live生活,run运行,say说,sigh叹息,sleep 睡,smell 闻,

27、smile微笑,talk 谈,11.习惯接形容词作宾补的动词 bake烤,beat 击败,boil 煮,burn烧伤,colour把涂色,consider 考虑,count 计数,cut 削减,drink 喝,drive驱动,eat 吃,fill 填写,find找到,get 得到,hammer锤打,hold 持续,keep 保持,lay躺,leave 留下,let让,like愿意,make使,paint 油漆,prove证明,put 放置,see看到,set 凝固,sleep 睡眠,talk谈,think 认为,turn转,wash 洗,wipe擦,wish 祝,12.习惯接 that从句(虚

28、拟语气 should+do)的动词 advocate提倡,advise 建议,appoint 任命,arrange安排,ask 请求,command命令,decide决定,demand 需求,desire渴望,determine 决定,direct 指挥,insist 坚持,instruct 指导,intend 意愿,move感动,object 反对,order命令,pray恳求,prefer喜欢,recommend 推荐,require 要求,request 请求,suggest建议,urge敦促,vote提议,13.动作与结果不同的动词 advise,persuade(劝说);look f

29、or,find(发现);look at,see(看);listen to,hear(听);tear at,tear(撕);try,manage(尽力);treat,cure(治疗);shoot at,shoot(射击);prepare for,prepare(准备);14.主观与客观不同的动词。receive,accept(接收);must,have to(必须);can,be able to(能够);15.直接与间接不同的动词。hear,hear ofabout;know,know of/about;learn,learn of/about;16.不用于进行时态的动词 adore崇拜,app

30、ear出现,believe相信,belong属于,consist 包括,exist 存在,feel 感觉,find 找到,forget 忘记,hate恨,hear 听到,hold 持有,know知道,lack 缺乏,lie位于,like像,love爱,matter要紧,mean意思,measure测量,mind 介意,notice留心,owe欠,own拥有,possess 持有,remember记得,see看,seem 似乎,smell 闻,think 认为,understand 理解,value重视,want 想要,weigh 衡量,wish 祝愿,17.进行时态的主动形式表示被动意义的动词

31、 bake烤,build 建立,cook 烹调,copy复制,do做,fill 填写,print 打印,roast烤,sell 出售,work out 解决,18.非进行时态的主动形式表示被动意义的动词 add up加起来,act 行为,break 打破,blow 吹,button 按钮,burn烧伤,cut 切,catch赶上,close关闭,clean 清洁,drive驱动,draw画,fill 填写,keep 保持,iron熨衣,let出租,lock 锁,open开,pack包,peel 削,read 读,split 分裂,spoil 溺爱,tear撕裂,wash 洗,19.其后接动名词

32、的主动形式表示被动意义的动词 bear忍受,deserve应受,need 需要,require要求,stand抵抗,want 想要,20.可否定转移的动词 believe相信,expect 期望,fancy幻想,imagine 想象,reckon估计,think 思考,suppose假设,21.常见接动词原形作宾补的动词 feel 感觉;have使某人做;hear 听见;let 让某人;listen to 听着某人;look at看着某人;make使某人;notice注意;observe观察某人;see看见;watch 观察;22.常见接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的动词 forget 忘记;

33、mean 打算,意味着;remember记住;regret 后悔;try设法,试试;stop 停下来;cant help 不能帮助,禁不住;go on 接着做,继续做;非 谓 语 动 一般式 完成式 进行式 不定式 主动 to do to have done to be doing 被动 to be done to have been done to have been doing ing 形式 主动 doing having done 被动 being done having been done 词 过去分词 被动 done 1.非谓语动词的各种形式：2.非谓语动词的否定形式:在非谓语动词前加 not,never.即 not/never to do,not/never doing,3.非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构：for/of sb.to do sth.动名词复合结构：代词宾格