社区矫正适用范围及条件之分析中英文翻译.docx

1、社区矫正适用范围及条件之分析中英文翻译社区矫正适用范围及条件之分析中英文翻译Community correction English translation of the scope and conditions of 论文摘要 社区矫正作为一项刑种或者刑法执行的具体措施，其内容与模式在还是受到了刑法基本属性和刑法的适用的目的等因素的限制。目前我国关于社区矫正对象及适用的条件存在的一定的漏洞与缺陷。我国现行规定的几类人员中：被取保候审人、监视居住的未决犯、刑满释放人员、被剥夺政治权利的社区服刑人员和暂与监外执行人员并不宜开展社区矫正。主观恶性、暴力犯罪、累犯等因素不应该成为排除社区矫正适用的充

2、分条件。Abstract the community correction as a kind of punishment or criminal law enforcement measures, the contents and pattern is the basic attributes of the criminal law and the application of the objective constraints in or. At present, Chinas community correction on the defects of some objects and

3、application conditions. Several kinds of personnel regulations in China: being released on bail, pending make residential surveillance, the ex-convict, deprived of political rights of inmates in the community and the temporary execution outside prison staff and not with the development of community

4、correction. Subjective vicious, violent crime, and other factors should not be excluded. Sufficient conditions for the community correction.论文关键词 社区矫正 适用范围 适用条件Keywords community correction conditions applicable scope针对目前社区矫正制度在我国的研究现状，笔者通过对现行的关于社区矫正适用的五类对象以及适用条件的合理性提出了质疑，主要探讨与社区矫正有关的一些理论和实践上的争议。希望能

5、通过笔者的努力，能够引起相关部门的关注，促使社区矫正的制度能够更加的完善。At present, the community correction system of the status quo in China, the author of the present community correction on the five types of objects and suitable conditions for the rationality of proposed the question, mainly discusses some theory and practice rel

6、ating to the dispute and community correction. Hope that through my efforts, can cause the attention of the relevant departments, the community correction system can be more perfect.一、社区矫正适用的对象范围One, the scope of community correction（一）社区矫正适用对象的理论和实践争议( a ) the application objects of the community c

7、orrection of the theory and practice of dispute社区矫正在各个国家所经历的发展历程不同，自然其所涵盖的类型以及对象在各个国家也存在差异的。例如，美国的社区矫正制度就涵盖了假释、缓刑、电子控制、家中监禁、中途训练所、日报告中心、社区服务以及赔偿等等。而根据最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部联合发布的关于开展社区矫正试点工作的通知（以下简称两院两部通知）的规定以及司法行政机关所施行的社区矫正工作暂行办法的规定，我国社区矫正试点中的对象主要包括五类罪犯：判处管制刑的罪犯、被宣告缓刑的罪犯、被裁定假释的罪犯、被决定暂予监外执行的罪犯、被剥夺政治权

8、利并在社会上服刑的罪犯。以上规定已经对社区矫正适用的对象作出了明晰的界定。在实践之中，各地区都是据此对社区矫正的对象开展矫正工作。在实践中，社区矫正所涵盖的对象并无争议。但是，针对通知以及社区矫正工作暂行办法之中，对社区矫正制度适用对象之规定合理与否，在理论上存有很大争议。主要集中于两个方面：第一，现行规定合理与否？第二，社区矫正制度在我国有无扩大之必要及如何扩大？Community correction development experience in different countries have different nature, the types and objects in e

9、ach country is different. For example, the United States of America s system of community corrections parole, probation, it covers the electronic control, home confinement, halfway houses, report center, community service and compensation etc. According to the Supreme Peoples court, the Supreme Peop

10、les Procuratorate, the Ministry of public security, the Ministry of Justice jointly issued the on the development of community correction work notice ( hereinafter referred to as the houses of two notice ) provisions and judicial administrative organs to implement the work of community correction In

11、terim measures , Chinas community correction pilot mainly includes five types: criminals sentenced to control the criminal punishment, probation, parole criminals convicted criminals, determined by the temporary execution outside Prison Criminals, deprived of political rights and serving in the comm

12、unity. The above regulations have on the application of community correction object made a clear definition. In practice, the region is based on the object of the community correction to carry out rectification work. In practice, the community correction is covered by the object is not controversial

13、. However, according to the notice and the Interim Measures in the work of community correction, community correction system suitable for the specified object is reasonable or not, there are a lot of controversy in theory. Mainly in two aspects: first, the existing provisions is reasonable or not? S

14、econd, the community correction system in China is no expansion necessary and how to expand?1.社区矫正适用的对象现行规定合理性问题1 community correction applicable provisions of rationality problem当前，在我国社区矫正的理论界中，对于通知以及社区矫正工作暂行办法中规定对被判处管制刑的罪犯、被宣告缓刑的罪犯、被裁定假释的罪犯适用社区矫正并无争议。但是，对于暂予监外执行以及刑满释放后被剥夺政治权利的罪犯成为社区矫正适用对象，存有争议。At

15、present, in the theory of community correction in China, the notice and community correction in the provisions of the interim measures was sentenced to public surveillance, criminal whose sentence is suspended, the criminal was convicted of a criminal community correction is not controversial. Howev

16、er, for the temporary execution outside prison and criminals released from prison after being deprived of political rights as the application objects of the community correction, controversial.首先，关于刑满释放继续被剥夺政治权利的罪犯。有学者认为，被剥夺政治权利的罪犯应当列为社区矫正的适用对象，理由主要是：第一，被剥夺政治权利的罪犯，其监禁刑罚改造完毕，被剥夺政治权利的执行地在社会之中。第二，被剥夺政治

17、权利的罪犯已经经过监禁刑的长期改造社会危险性降低，符合社区矫正之要求。但同时，有学者提出反对的声音：第一，从剥夺政治权利的制度来看，刑法并没有对剥夺政治权利的监外执行人员进行其他方面的限制，这使得社区矫正在实践中难以开展。第二，剥夺政治权利的行使不需要社会力量的参与，这与社区矫正的本质不同。First of all, on the release to be deprived of political rights. Some scholars think, deprived of political rights of criminals shall be listed as the obj

18、ect of the community correction, the main reason is: the first, deprived of political rights of criminals, the sentence transformation completed, deprived of political rights for execution in the society. Second, deprived of political rights of criminals has been a long-term transformation of social

19、 risk imprisonment penalty reduced, to meet the requirements of community correction. But at the same time, some scholars put forward objections: first, from the point of view of deprivation of political rights system, criminal law and not deprived of political rights for the execution of the senten

20、ce outside prison staff to other constraints, making it difficult to carry out in the practice of community correction. Second, the exercise of deprivation of political rights do not need the participation of social forces, which is different from the nature of community correction.笔者认为对于被剥夺政治权利的社区服

21、刑人员不应纳入社区矫正的对象范围。第一，对于被剥夺政治权利的社区服刑人员进行社区矫正，存在一定程度的法律冲突。根据刑法第54规定，剥夺政治权利刑是指剥夺犯罪人的以下四项权利：选举权和被选举权；言论、出版、集会、结社、游行、示威自由的权利；担任国家机关职务的权利；担任国有公司、企业、事业单位和人民团体领导职务的权利。除上述四种权利外，被剥夺政治权利的社区服刑人员与其他普通公民所享有的权利与自由是一致的。而社区矫正制度具有一定的强制性，需要对被矫正的对象进行一定的自由限制，使其在规定的模式内进行活动，但这明显超出了剥夺政治权利的法定内涵。第二，被剥夺政治权利作为一种资格刑，其适用的目的是为了防卫社

22、会。而社区矫正作为一种社会化行刑措施，它的思想基础是用矫正达到复归社会。此二者在思想基础上并不相同。The author thinks to be deprived of political rights of inmates in the community should not be included in the scope of community correction. First, to be deprived of political rights of inmates in the community of community correction, there is a ce

23、rtain degree of conflict of laws. According to the criminal law the fifty-fourth regulation, the deprivation of political rights refers to the following four rights deprives the crime : the right to vote and to be elected; speech, publication, assembly, association, parade, demonstration of the righ

24、t to freedom; the right to hold a position in state organs; in a State-Owned Company, enterprise, institution or peoples organization leadership positions right. In addition to the above four kinds of rights, the rights and freedoms have been deprived of political rights of inmates in the community

25、and other ordinary citizens are consistent. Community correction system has a mandatory, the need for freedom of certain restrictions on the object to be corrected, so that its activities in the mode, but this is obviously beyond the legal connotation of deprivation of political rights. Second, depr

26、ived of political rights as a kind of qualification penalty, its application is for the purpose of defending the society. Community correction as a kind of socialized execution measures, its ideological foundation is corrected to return to society. The two are not the same in the ideological basis.其

27、次，关于暂予监外执行的罪犯。暂予监外执行的对象主要是患有严重疾病需要保外就医的；怀孕或者正在哺乳期的妇女；被判处有期徒刑、拘役，生活不能自理，适用暂予监外执行不致危害社会的罪犯。有学者认为，暂予监外执行应当列入社区矫正的适用对象，理由主要是：第一，暂予监外执行的罪犯的羁押场所发生了从监狱内到社会外的转变，执行的地点与社区矫正有一定的相似性。第二，监外执行的对象社会危险性较低，不会影响社会的最低安全底线。反对的学者认为暂予监外执行不应纳入社区矫正的对象范围。主要理由是：第一，社区矫正的适用对象必须是人身危险性小的罪犯，而暂予监外执行条件中并无要求罪犯有悔改的表现，暂予监外执行的罪犯的罪行可能较重

28、，悔改表现可能不好。第二，暂予监外执行只是形式上走入社会，实际上他们没有进入社会而成为社区的正式成员。Secondly, on the temporary execution outside prison. Temporary execution outside prison is the main object of severe illness requiring medical treatment; pregnant or lactating women; sentenced to prison, detention, the life cannot provide for onesel

29、f, for the temporary execution outside prison would not endanger the society. Some scholars think, temporary execution outside prison shall be included in the applicable object of the community correction, the main reason is: first, the temporary execution outside prison criminal detention place cha

30、nged from inside to outside the prison society, location and community enforcement correction has certain similarities. Second, the object of social risk execution outside prison is low, will not affect the minimum security line of society. Against the scholars think that the temporary execution out

31、side prison shall not be included in the scope of community correction. The main reasons are: first, the proper objects of community correction must be personal dangerousness small criminals, and the temporary execution outside prison conditions do not require the expression of repentance, the tempo

32、rary execution outside prison criminals may be heavier, repentance performance may not be good. Second, the temporary execution outside prison is only the form into the community, in fact they did not enter the society and become full members of the community.笔者认为对于暂予监外执行人员亦不适合成为社区矫正的对象。首先，社区矫正适用的一项最基本的原则-排除重刑犯的适用，即要成为社区矫正的对象的首要基本条件就是罪刑较为轻微的罪犯，除了假释犯之外，重刑犯也不是社区矫正的对象，其没有适用社区矫正的可能。其次，社区矫正的内在要求也决定了对暂予监外执的罪犯不适用社区矫正。社区矫正制度设立的一个目的之一，是为规避监狱矫正的弊端。而所谓的暂予监外执行是指对被判处有期徒刑、拘役的罪犯因出现法定情形不宜在监狱内执行时，暂时将其放在监狱外由公安机关执行的变通方法。这样的变通也决定了其执行场所的临时性，只是出于刑罚的一种人道主义或者是因为监狱没法承担一些特殊罪犯的矫正工作，而不得不临时改变对罪