六级翻译技巧讲解.docx

1、六级翻译技巧讲解六级翻译 技巧讲解-1课程提要 翻译题型简介 翻译解题步骤 翻译基本技巧 基本注意事项六级翻译题型介绍内容：中国的历史、文化、经济、社会篇幅： 六级为180200个汉字；重点考点：从句，非谓语动词翻译做题步骤：1、 通读原文，确定时态2、 寻找主干，确定句型3、 核对信息，避免遗漏 汉译英的基本技巧 1. 增词 汉译英时，为了充分传达原文含义，有时候必须增补词语，句意才完整。增背景知识三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang， a mastermind.增连词中文句型达意，逻辑不明显

2、，所以译文要加逻辑词（连词）虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.增概括性词英汉的列举例子的方式差异【例题】北京是中国的政治、文化中心。这里你可以游览万里长城、故宫、颐和园等。Beijing is a political and cultural center that offers some scenic attractions: the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace etc.为驱厄运、迎好运，

3、家家户户都会进行大扫除。It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck.增形式主语中文的无主句在翻译时候要适当的加上形式主语或there be 句型【例】保护我们赖以生存的环境至关重要。It is essential to protect the environment we are living in.2. 减词: 汉译英时，为了行文要求，在不影响译文的准确度的情况下适当的删减内容

4、。 减少虚词中文中有很多量词、助词和语气词，而英语中很少。量词：两张桌子 two desks 动量词：歇一会儿 take a rest 助词：那个录像我看过了。Ive seen that video show. 副词：那些样品很有用。 The samples are useful. 虚词的综合减法：例：对也罢错也罢，当妈的总是向着儿子Mother is always on the side of her son, right or wrong. 复数减词一些广告公司 advertisers许多大学生 college students种种制度 systems 东部各州 the eastern s

5、tates这些外宾 the foreign guests约翰逊一家 the Johnsons 减少概括词【例】全球化肯定会损害发展中国家的穷人的利益。Globalization will sure hurt the poor in developing countries.【例】中美两国在政治、商务、教育、文化、国防和科技等领域的交往成倍地增加了。Sino-America links have multiplied in politics, commerce, education, culture, defense and technology。 减少适当的重复英语为了避免重复，往往使用一些代

6、词或其他手段来代替前面所提到的人、物或动作。【例】你什么时候有空，就什么时候来我办公室。Come to my office whenever you are free.【例】如果你自认为打败了，你就真的给打败了。 If you think you are beaten, you are.六级翻译 技巧讲解-23. 分译 & 合译(按内容层次分译) 合译：多个杂碎的汉语句子可以合译为英语的单句，使译文紧凑、简练。母亲在谈到她的孩子时，也许有自豪感， 这是可以理解的。( 形容词）The mother might have spoken with understandable pride of he

7、r child 夜里冷风飕飕，那是十一月初，天下起了毛毛细雨，令我倍加难受.（名词）The night was chillyit was early November. A light drizzle added to my discomfort.因为他没有遵守安全规则，机器出了故障。 （名词短语）His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery 那个声音响个不停，我几乎没法工作。I can hardly work with that noise going on. 她已

8、试了好几次，要帮他们另找一所出租的房子，结果并未成功。 （不定式短语）She had made several attempts to help them find other rental quarters without success 分译： 长句会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，所以采用分译使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。4. 语序变化英汉双语的表述的习惯，主语的差异确定主语，调整语序【例】众所周知,中国在2003年成功地发射了第一艘载人宇宙飞船。As is known to all, 2003 saw/ witnessed the successful launching of Chi

9、nas first manned spaceship.突出重点,调整语序英汉的强调的形式差异。昨晚在晚会上演奏莫扎特作品的是珍妮。It was Jane who played Mozart at the party last night . 定语的顺序变化前置定语：形容词、名词后置定语：-Ing短语、-ed短语、 to短语、介词短语、形容词短语、定语从句。It is a cat .It is a cat that killed rats.It is a cat that killed rats that ate malts.It is a cat that killed rats that a

10、te malts that lay in the house.It is a cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that was built by Jack. 英语顺线性延伸好好的照顾的好好的把一切照顾的好好的竟然把一切照顾的好好的他竟然把一切照顾的好好的没想到他竟然把一切照顾的好好的的确没想到他竟然把一切照顾的好好的她的确没想到他竟然把一切照顾的好好的汉语是逆线性延伸例如：Most of the people singing are the studentsWhats the language sp

11、oken in thatarea? I have a lot of work to do today.People in the world play basketball. 5. 词性变化英文中几乎所有的词语都可以有词性变化，所以英语句式变化多端。例句： 可以十点完成么？Is it possible to finish it by 10?Is there any possibility for finishing it by 10?Can we possibly finish it by 10?六级翻译 技巧讲解-3翻译注意事项注意一：中文“逗号”信息处理： 非谓语动词结构，介词短语结构，定

12、语从句结构，分词作状语结构； And 从句例如：京剧中的其中一角色是生，代表着正义男英雄。Sheng is one of the roles in Peking Opera, which symbolizes a male positive hero.或Sheng is one of the roles in Peking Opera, symbolizing a male positive hero.注意二：无主语句的处理方式： there be句型 被动语态 形式主语（It is + adj+ to do）无主句的例句：下雨了，花园里种了很多花，教室有很多人，据说他是骗子没有安定的政治环境

13、，干什么都不成译文：Nothing can be accomplished without a stable political environment.例题：现在必须采取措施来保护环境。1） It is essential to adopt measures to protect the environment 2） There is necessity to adopt measures to protect the environment.3） Measures should be taken to protect the environment.4） It is high time t

14、hat we protected the environment. 虚拟语气注意三：英语多变化，汉语多重复如：我们的社会是一个和谐的社会，家家户户都会进行大扫除方法：代词替代，动词替代，分词替代，省略代词替代我们的民族不再是一个被人们侮辱的民族了Our nation is no longer one subject to insult and humiliation. 我们提倡和平共处的原则，这项原则目前在世界上已经越来越得人心。We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence , which is now growing more

15、 and more popular in the world.动词替代用诸如do so , do it, do that this, do the same等词语来替代。你不愿意落后，他也不愿意落后。You dont want to lag behind, neither does he.美国人已经在开始削减国防开支，我觉得俄国人也会这么做。 Americans are cutting the defense expenditure this year, I think the Russians will do too. 分词替代你没有搞好，我是不满意的，得罪了你就得罪了你。You have

16、done a poor job and I am not satisfied, and if you feel offended, so be it. 人们认为美国队将赢得这场足球比赛， 彼得也是这么想的，我却认为并非如此。 People believe that the American team will win the football game, peter thinks so, but I believe not. 省略【例】为了进一步推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。 【初级】To promote the development of the C

17、hina- US relations, China needs to know the US better and the US also needs to know China better.【高级】To promote China-US relations , China need to know the US better, and vice versa.特别注意：主谓一致原则： 时态，人称，数的一致。 注意There be 句型例：清华大学有超过5千名留学生学习中国文化。1）Tsinghua University have more than 5000 foreign students

18、 learning Chinese culture.2）There are over 5000 overseas students learning Chinese culture in Tsinghua University.六级翻译 英汉差异英汉七大差异比较一、英语重形合 汉语重意合 二、英语多被动 汉语多主动 三、英语重心在前 汉语重心在后四、英语注重省略 汉语注重补充 五、英语多变化 汉语多重复 六、英语好静 汉语好动 七、英语重物 汉语重人 一、英语重形合 汉语重意合 汉语是一种意合性的语言，偏重于语意英语是一种形合性的语言，偏重于形式 【例】多年来秦始皇陵共计出土了约5000多件重

19、要文物。Over the years, about 5000 important cultural relics were unearthed altogether in Qinshihuangs tomb.【例题】When a representative exceeds his allotted time, the President shall call him to order without delay. 【翻译腔】当一位代表超过他的分配时间，主席将告诉他命令，不要推迟。 【改进】(如果)代表发言超过规定时间，主席应督促他遵守规则。 二、英语多被动 汉语多主动 汉语用主动表被动，比如

20、由让、给、由、据等词语英语更喜欢使用被动语态特别是在正式的书面文体。【例题】要发展经济应当组织使用各种各样的人才。对那些真正有本事的人，在工资级别上可以破格提高。 【译文】To develop economy, different kinds of talented people should be organized. People of real ability should be especially promoted and given raise. 【例题】这些石材加工机器是为新建工厂而从意大利引进的。 【译文】These stone processing machines have

21、 been introduced from Italy for the newly established factory. 耶鲁大学以悠久的发展历史，独特的办学风格，卓越的学术成就闻名于世。Yale is known worldwide for its long history, unique running style, and outstanding academic achievement.三、英语重心在前 汉语重心在后 英语 “先果后因”，即重心在前。汉语 “先因后果”，即重心在后。“循序渐进”顺序原则【例题】 史密斯先生自己还不知道犯了什么罪，人家就把他逮捕了。 【译文】Mr. S

22、mith was arrested when he himself was not aware that crime he had committed. 【例题】 However, government intervention has been found necessary from time to time to ensure that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people, to prevent flagrant abuses, to dampen inflation and to stimulate

23、growth. 【译文】然而，为了确保人人均可获得平等的经济机会，防止公然的不正当行为，抑制通货膨胀并刺激经济增长，人们发现政府的干预常常是必要的四、英语注重省略 汉语注重补充汉语讲求词语的均衡与对称英语省略不重复; 且英语结构严谨，可以允许省略所以，在英译汉时，一定要注意英汉各自的用词习惯。【例题】我白天不时想到那个噩梦，晚上临睡时也会想到它。 【译文】 I kept going back to the nightmare at odd times during the day, then at night when I was being put to bed. 5、英语多变化 汉语多重复

24、 6、英语同一意思有多种表达比如：我认为/.很重要？ 汉语 一般多重复【例如】The monkeys most extraordinary accomplishment was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, the monkey had learned to solo on the vehicle.【译文】这只猴子最了不起的成就是学会驾驶拖拉机。到九岁的时候，这只猴子已经学会了单独表演驾驶拖拉机了。【例如】【译文】他厌恶失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，而且藐视别人的失败。 【译文】He hated failure; h

25、e had conquered it all his life, risen above it, and despised it in others. 又如：一片外文杂志描述老友记当中的主角。Jennifer Aniston， Jennifer, Aniston, the former Friends star, the actress, and 45-yearold star六、英语好静 汉语好动中文：多用动词，句短简练，生动活泼，表面松散英文：英语常用施动性的名词代替动词。句式多变，结构紧凑、逻辑性强。天下起了毛毛细雨，令我倍加难受.（名词）A light drizzle added to

26、 my discomfort.【例】He was a clever man；a pleasant companion; a careless student；with a great propensity for running into debt，and a partiality for the tavern【译文】他是个聪明人，很好相处，可是学习不肯用功; 他老是东挪西借, 又喜欢上酒店喝酒。进入耶鲁大学的校园，看到莘莘学子青春洋溢的脸庞，呼吸着书香浓郁的空气，我不由回想起年前在北京清华大学度过的美好时光。Entering the Yale university, seeing the s

27、tudents young faces, and feeling the great academic atmosphere, I couldnt help recalling my wonderful time spent at Tsinghua University in Beijing 40 years ago.七、英语重物 汉语重人 汉语重人重主观英语重物重客观因此汉译英时，常将“人”的主语改为“物”的主语。【例】为了探测月球的表面，人们一次又一次地发射火箭、卫星和飞船。【译文】To explore the Moons surface, rockets, satellites and

28、airships were launched again and again. 【例】随着现代科学技术的迅速发展，我们能把各种各样的信息传到世界各地。【译文】With the rapid development of modern science and technology, information can be sent to every part of the world.六级翻译 高频词汇表示主要的，重要的primary, major, main, chief, important, essential, significant表示充足的enough, sufficient, plen

29、ty, abundant表示适当的 appropriate表示提升，改善，加强enhance, improve, strengthen表示合法valid, legal, lawful, rightful表示卓越不凡extraordinary, excellent, uncommon, remarkable, outstanding.表示很有名气well-known, noticeable, famous表示义务，有责任去做compulsory, required, obligatory表示积极，主动positive, proactive表示合理sound, rational, correct,

30、 sensible, logical, reasonable表示英勇brave, bold, valiant, heroic, courageous, fearless表示巨大huge, large, giant, vast, enormous表示牢固稳定sturdy, strong, firm, tough, stable, hardy表示声誉reputation, fame, prestige表示巅峰、顶点tip, top, peak,climax表示发现、探索discover, seek, search表示增加increase, enlarge, multiply, expand, ra

31、ise, accelerate, broaden, magnify表示减少reduce, decrease, decelerate, lessen, debase, abate, diminish, decline, discount, subtract, deduct表示转变convert, change, transform, switch表示提供、提交offer, supply, provide, furnish, contribute, submit表示构成、组成constitute, consist, organize, form, erect, establish, compose, com