考研英语真题和翻译0417231336.docx

1、考研英语真题和翻译0417231336完美.格式.编辑2017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be aresounding “yes! ”1 helpi

2、ng you feel close and 2 to people you careabout, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your bodyand mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4getting sick this winter .In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in P

3、ennsylvania examined the effects of perceived socialsupport and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People whoperceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-red

4、ucing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs hadless severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk forcolds that s usuall1y4 with stress, ” no

5、tes Sheldon Cohen, a professor ofpsychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and h e1l p5s thefeeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty . ”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits ofhugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding h1o8rmone ”i

6、t promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother andtheir newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part ofthe brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology .1 A Besides B Un

7、like C Throughout D Despite2 A equal B restricted C connected D inferior3 A view B host C lesson D choice4 A avoid B forget C recall D keep5 A collecting B affecting C guiding D involving6 A on B in C at D of7 A devoted B attracted C lost D exposed8 A along B across C down D out9 A imagined B denied

8、 C doubted D calculated10 A served B restored C explained D required11 A Thus B Still C Rather D Even专业.资料.整理完美.格式.编辑12 A defeats B symptoms C errors D tests13 A highlighted B increased C controlled D minimized14 A presented B equipped C associated D compared15 A assess B generate C moderate D recor

9、d16 A in the name B in the form C in the face D in the wayof of of of17 A attribute B commit C transfer D return18 A unless B because C though D until19 A remains B emerges C vanishes D decreases20 A experiences B combines C justifies Dinfluences拥抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的” 。除了能帮助你感到和自己在乎的人关系亲密之外， 事实证明

10、拥抱还可以给你的身心健康带来许多好处。不管你信不信，温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你避免生病。最近，宾夕法尼亚州卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员对超过 400 名健康成年人进行了研究。他们在让这些实验对象接触感冒病毒后，检测了“感觉到社会支持”和“受到别人拥抱” 这两点对他们患上常见感冒的敏感性的影响。 感觉到更多社会支持的人更不容易患感冒， 研究人员推算出， 这种对健康的有益影响， 大约有32%是由拥抱所产生的减压效果所带来的。甚至在已经患上感冒的人群中，感觉得到更多社会支持和频繁得到拥抱的人的症状也更轻。“拥抱可以保护那些处于压力之下的人免受与压力有关的、 愈发增加的感冒的风险，”来自卡内基大学的心理学

11、教授谢尔登 科恩观察道。拥抱“能制造亲密，也能帮助产生面对困难时，有人来帮助你的感觉。 ”专业.资料.整理完美.格式.编辑一些专家将拥抱所产生的减缓压力的健康好处归因于拥抱所释放的催生素，其通常被称为“结合激素” ，因为它能促进依附关系，包括母亲与新生婴儿之间的依附关系。催生素主要产生在大脑的中低部，其有一部分会被释放进血液里。但还有一部分会留在大脑里，影响人们的情绪、行为及生理。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each

12、 textby choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET . (40points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authoritiesare recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least atsome major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Ameri

13、cans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures inreturn for increased safety . The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terroristsmay have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why . But demanding too much of air travelers or providing toolittle secur

14、ity in return undermines public support for the process. And itshould: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, notto mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in asecret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons

15、both fake and real past airport security nearly every time theytried.Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airlinetravel due to the improving economy and and low oil prices, have resulted inlong waits at major airports such as Chicago s O Hare International.It is notyet clea

16、r how much more effective airline security has become but the linesare obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steepincrease in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners onthe line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room forscre

17、ening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying tooverpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though theairlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck

18、program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited专业.资料.整理完美.格式.编辑screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risks,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million p

19、eople inPreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their backgroundchecks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck s fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable l

20、evel.ButCongress should look into doing so directly , by helping to finance PreCheckenrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreChecklanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is longpast time to make the progr

21、am work.21.The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to_.22.A stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwideB highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airportsC explain Americans tolerance of current security checks D emphasis the importance of privacy protection23. Which of the follo

22、wing contributions to long waits at major airport?A New restrictions on carry-on bagsB The declining efficiency of the TSAC An increase in the number of travelersD Frequent unexpected secret checks24.The word “expedited ” (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning _to_.A fasterB quieterC widerD cheaper2

23、5. One problem with the PreCheck program is_.A A dramatic reduction of its scaleB Its wrongly-directed implementationC The government s reluctance to back itD An unreasonable price for enrollment26. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreChec

24、k-a Belated SolutionC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck LanesText 1专业.资料.整理完美.格式.编辑全文翻译以前是 2 小时，现在是 3 小时这就是航空当局建议旅客提前到达机场赶国内航班的时间， 至少美国一些大的机场是这么建议的， 因为安检队伍正变得越来越长。美国人现在愿意忍受费时的安检程序， 以换取更高的安全性。 被恐怖分子袭击而坠入地中海的埃及航空 804 号航班给了大家为什么这么做的一个悲剧提醒。但是对飞机乘客要求太多或者在安全保障方面的成效不足反过来又会降低公众对这一程序的支持。其就会

25、演变成：浪费的时间耽误了美国的经济和私人生活，也会使乘客感到愤怒。去年，美国运输安全管理局在一次秘密检查中发现， 管理局的便衣调查员在尝试偷运武器的时候（无论真假） ，屡次通过了安检。随后，机场加强了安检措施，同时经济复苏和低油价也导致了国际航班的增加， 这些因素就导致包括芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场在内的主要机场的安检队伍变长。 目前，安检措施是否变得更加有效尚不得而知，但安检队伍确实变长了。导致这一问题的部分原因是政府没有预料到乘飞机出行的乘客数量会猛增，所以美国运输安全管理局现在正紧锣密鼓地在各机场增加新的安检人员。 另一个原因是，机场只有这么多空间，能容下的安检队伍有限。还有一个因素可能是，越

26、来越多的人想要过度打包他们的随身行李以避免行李安检费用， 尽管航空公司对此强烈反对。美国运输安全管理局可以采取的一个不需要改造机场或仓促招聘人员的措施，那就是鼓励更多的乘客参加预检项目。 预检对游客和美国运输安全管理局而言是双赢的选择。 通过背景检查的乘客有资格使用快速安检通道。 这能使美国运输安全管理局能重点检查具有高风险的乘客， 从而节省了其他人的时间。 美国运输安全管理局计划将 2500 万乘客纳入预检项目。然而，这一计划还未达到预期目标， 其中的一个主要原因就是定价太高。 乘客必须每五年支付 85 美元进行背景审核。从一开始这一价格就是预检项目的重大缺陷。接下来的改革也许会把价格调整到

27、合理的水平。 但是国会应该通过资助预检项目或以别的方式来降低成本的方式直接参与到价格调整中去。在大部分的游客得忍受不必要排队的痛苦之时， 美国运输安全管理局不能继续将资源投入到未充分使用的预检通道中去了。 要想让预检项目真的开始起作用，那还需要很长的时间。Text 2 “The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers, ” wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the mostesteemed members of Haw

28、aiian society . Sadly, all is not well with astronomyin Hawaii today . Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter专业.资料.整理完美.格式.编辑Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionizehumanit ys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dor

29、mant volcanoworshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islandsto the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world msostpowerful teles copes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keaspeak risesabove the bulk of our planet dsense atmosphere, where conditions allow te

30、lescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity .Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocalgroup of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence asdisrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of whatwas once a sovereign nation.Some b

31、lame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In theireagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only wayof understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection ofMauna Keasfragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island inshabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoi