中考英语完型填空逻辑词及解题技巧讲解.docx

1、中考英语完型填空逻辑词及解题技巧讲解中考英语完型填空逻辑词及解题技巧讲解【知识梳理】完形填空之逻辑衔接词对逻辑衔接词的考查是中考完形填空的重中之重，常以连词和副词的形式考查，对理解整个篇章起着极为重要的作用。解这类题目的技巧主要是看上下文的逻辑关系，找到一些关键词或短语作为提示信息。以下以近几年的中考完形填空题为例子进行说明，看看你能否抓到关键词，就像抓娃娃游戏一样，记得技巧。一、专题精讲例文1：Fires can be dangerous for animals. Even when animals continue to liveafter forest fires, they can g

2、o hungry their food has been damaged in the fire.A) because B) although C) but D)so批注：本段的中心句是第一句“火对动物来说是危险的”。根据文中的提示信息“they can go hungry”，可以退出 原因是食物在火中被毁坏了。因此本题答案是A，前后是因果关系。 例文2：Many people think accidents often happen in busy roads in large cities,but this is not always true., Tokyo is one of the

3、worlds largest citiesand probably one of the busiest cities, however, there are few accidentsto pedestrians.A) In addition B) For exampleC) By the way D) On the other hand批注：如果我们研究本语段的逻辑关系，会发现第一句是主旨句“人们认为交通事故常发生在大城市的繁忙罗 缎，其实不总是这样的”，紧接着，下面给出了东京交通状况的例子，证明作者自己的观点。因此本题的 答案是B。例文3：You might not want to ea

4、t, but think of from the parents point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring it can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hungry. _, your parents will probably worried that you arent eating enough.A)In addition B)In ret

5、urn C)At most D)At last批注：根据题目的提示信息“Imagine how your parents feel when you say youre not really hungry.”可以看出孩子 们说不饿的时候其实是伤害父母的感情的，后面的提到的“父母担心孩子吃的不够”也是出于对孩子的关 心，这两点都是孩子应该体谅父母感受的原因。因此，这二者是并列递进关系，选择A，其它几项均不符 合逻辑关系。例文4：Well send you an invitation in a few weeks but this is just to let you know ahead of

6、time. Anyway, my parents want to celebrate the engagement（订婚）so theyre having a special lunch on Sunday 3rd May. Were inviting relatives and close friends, _ therell be about twenty people there. Wed love to see you! Its at Martins Restaurant, near the train station.A. or B. but C. so D. since批注：根据空

7、格前后信息“我们会邀请亲人和密友”和后面的“这将大约有20人”。二者之间没有选择关系， 也没有转折关系，因此A和B都是不正确的。又因D意思是“自从，因为”，放在这里意思不通。因此本 题答案是C，前后是因果关系。二、专题过关（1）The things that we will be able to do in the twenty-first century (since the year 2000) shouldhelp us live better lives , at home and at work, in our own country and around the world.Her

8、e are just some of them, put into five groups:A. at the same time B. at a time C. in many ways D. in the end批注：根据句子后面的关键信息“Here are just some of them, put into five groups:”我们可以看出后面是在举例 子，因此本题答案是C。 （2）Once there was a grasshopper (蚱蜢) , who was the best hopper(跳跃者) in the world. She taught other gra

9、sshoppers how to hop. Soon all grasshoppers were hopping well,_she felt very proud.A. but B. since C. because D. so批注：这一小段逻辑关系比较明显，通过前面的信息“她教其它的蚱蜢如何跳跃，其它的蚱蜢就跳得好了”和后 面的“她感觉和自豪”，明显前后是因果关系，因此答案是D。（3）In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow

10、, solemn music suited to the occasion. on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. A. Even B. However C. In addition D. But批注：通过空格前后提示信息“在去墓地的路上，乐队演奏慢拍和严肃的音乐”和后面“回来的路上情绪便了， 精神高涨”，可以看出前后是转折的关系，因此答案是B。三、学法总结： 1). 仔细阅读文章，注意语境，避免惯性思维。 2). 逻辑衔接词是文章上下文的桥梁，抓住它们为我们找到正确答案会有很大的帮助。知识点三完形填空解题技巧完形填空（Clozet

11、est）是初中英语试题中必考题型。完形填空主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等。（一）特点： 1在整份试卷中所占的分值较重，占1015，短文长度一般在130200个单词左右。 2降低了对单词本身的考查要求，重点考查考生对短文的整体理解，上下文的段落衔接，情理分析及推理判断能力。 3针对初中学生的实际水平，一般采用故事类、说明类短文，尽量避免专业性太强的文章或论文体。近年来出现了以意义选择为主、语法选择逐渐减少的趋势。 （二）出题方式：完形填空有多种形式，但

12、它在基本设计原则上都是一致的。形式都是从短文中抽去若干个词或短语，让考生根据上下文填入适当的词或短语，为了有助于考生填入适当的词，可以提供四个答案（其中包括一个正确答案），让考生选出正确的答案；从所给的单词中，选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空；也可以给出单词首字母作提示将短文补全；也可以不给考生提供任何线索，完全凭借考生对文章的理解和现有的语言能力完成。最常见的还是选择型的完形填空。 抽词的办法可以是有针对性地抽取，也可以是随机地抽取。但目前比较流行的是对文章理解能力的考查，而不是单纯对语法结构的考查。 完形填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理

13、好单句之间以及单句与全文之间的内在关系，选出适当的词填上，使文章完整与通顺。 完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。最后须提醒大家一点，做好完形填空题并非一日之功。我们应从平日学习中做起，多积累，勤学苦练，方可成功！ 中考英语短文填空高频词汇分类归纳动词：（原形、三人单、现在分词、过去式、过去分词）allow answer attract appearbring becomecall ca

14、tch come collect close care completeclean change confuse choose complain causedisappear deal / do decide discoverenjoy encourage exchange end find follow fail fly finish fall feelgive help hurry happen hideisincluding(includes) invent improveknowleave lock love / like learn look live lead lie loseme

15、an makename need offer open operateprove（系动词） play protect plan pay producerefuse relax read receive realize repair rememberspend stop shout sleep seem show spread sell suffer search save smell smile succeedthink try talk turn usedunderstand work want write walk worry形容词：（原形、比较级、最高级）any angry anothe

16、r active asleep alone beautiful best black blue broken betterclose / closely certain common cheap confident cold careful crazy curiousdaily different difficult easy excited exciting enjoyable every empty enough each / every free few first full great good heavy happy high hungry healthy interested in

17、teresting important impossiblekind less little long more / most modern muchnoisy natural necessary own other perfect prettier pleased possible popular publicright reasonable real rude recentsafe sorry same special small sick straighttired traditional thick thankful topuseful various wrong wonderful

18、wise warm worried worseyoung 副词：（1 时间、地点；方式（ly结尾）原形、比较级、最高级；频度；程度 .） according actually bravely completely carefully exactly especially easilyfinallyluckily probably properly quietly quickly slowly seriously safely simply terribly together well hard时间：soon, suddenly, late, ago地点：here,there,up,down,a

19、way,nearby,home,ahead,back, abroad, anywhere, outside, along, around频度：always, often,usually, once,ever, never, sometimes,hardly, seldom, rarely程度：still, rather,quite,very,much,too,almost,nearly,really, also, only, again连接：Perhaps , instead, then 名词：（单数、复数）address actress(actor) arrangement area att

20、raction army（军队） arm bus bedroom building country culture class customers chance colour college disease dream days differenceexercise experience example endfilm future friendship flatgame gradehousework happiness hobbies home / house history hole hair hopeinformation ideajourney joblesson list livin

21、g life luck leg lengthmilk moment minute men money messagename number popular part problemspeople / person performanceradiorest responsibility rule reasonsummer story smile star saying surprise side skilltrouble thousand typewriter way wordyear代词：everything / nothing / anything one(s) other(s) eithe

22、r 反身代词 -self / -selves介词：about above between besides except for from on over than with / without againstthrough by连词：As After and before becausebut however until since unlesswhether though so that what when / while一、案例分析AWho designed (设计) the first helicopter (直升飞机)? Who _1_ of the most famous pictu

23、res in the world? Who knew more about the human body than most _2_? There is an answer _3_ all these questions - Leonardo de Vinci (达芬奇).Leonardo may have been the greatest genius (天才) _4_ have ever known. He lived in Italy around the year 1500, but many of his inventions seem modern to us today. Fo

24、r example, one of his notebooks has drawings of a helicopter. Of course, he couldnt _5_ a helicopter with the things he had. But scientists say his idea would have worked. But Leonardo _6_ an inventor. He was one of the greatest artists of his day. By the time he was twenty years old, he was called

25、a master ( 大师) painter, and as he got older he became _7_ more famous. Sometimes he drew a hand ten different ways _8_ he was ready to paint.Many of Leonardos wonderful paintings are still with _9_ today. You may know one of his most famous works the _10_ woman known as the Mona Lisa.1. A. took B. m

26、ade C. painted D. invented2. A. artists B. doctors C. painters D. people3. A. to B. of C. for D. from4. A. the scientists B. the artists C. the world D. people5. A. draw B. paint C. work D. build6. A. was just B. wasnt just C. wasnt D. was no longer7. A. less B. no C. even D. very8. A. before B. aft

27、er C. because D. when9. A. him B. us C. them D. you10. A. interesting B. crying C. smiling D. surprising名师点评本文介绍了堪称世界上最伟大的天才达芬奇在发明、艺术等方面为人类所作的巨大贡献，文章层次分明，通俗易懂。答案简析1C。为了引出话题人物达芬奇，这里引用了设问手法，问题应表示“是谁画了世界上最著名的画”，故选择动词painted。2B。对人体比较了解的莫过于医生了，将达芬奇与医生相比才能显示其对人体的精通。故选择doctors。3A。介词to常表示一一对应的关系，“问题的答案”习惯表达

28、为an answer to a question。4D。达芬奇应是世人所知道的天才中最伟大的人，the world 一般指每个人，相当于第三人称单数，故people为正确选项。5D。draw和paint不合文意, work为不及物动词，不能直接接宾语。在那个时代，达芬奇所不能做的应是制造飞机，故选择build。6B。这一句起承上启下的作用，意为“达芬奇不仅仅是一名发明家”，故选择 wasnt just。7C。less和no不合文章，very不能用来修饰比较级，而even常用来修饰比较级，意为“甚至更”，故为正确选项。8A。为了使自己的画达到最高境界，应在画这幅画之前去尝试不同的画法，所以应选b

29、efore。9B。达芬奇的画今天依然保存在世，为本文作者以及读者所共享，所以应选us。10C。达芬奇的名作Mona Lisa以画中人物面部神秘的微笑而名扬天下，故选smiling。BWhy do I want to go to college? No one has ever asked me _1 _ a question. But many times I have asked myself. I have _2_ a whole variety of reasons. _3_ important reason is that I want to be a better man. Many

30、 things make human beings different _4_ or better than or even superior to animals. One of the most important things is _5_ . If I fail to receive higher education, my education _6_. As I want to be a fully _7_ man, I must get a well-rounded education, which good colleges and universities are suppos

31、ed to _8_. I know one can get educated in many ways, but colleges and universities are _9_ the best places to teach me how to educate myself. Only when I am well-educated, will I be a better human being and _10_ fit into society.1. A. quite B. so C. such D. another2. A. come up with B. agreedwith C. been fed up with D. got on well with3. A. Most B. The most C. More D. Much4. A. to B. around C. between D. from5. A. education B. wea