新教材 人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册各单元重点语法汇总.docx

1、新教材 人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册各单元重点语法汇总人教版选择性必修第一册各单元重点语法汇总Unit 1 People of Achievement - 1 -Unit 2 Looking into the Future - 5 -Unit 3 Fascinating Parks - 9 -Unit 4 Body Language - 12 -Unit 5 Working the Land - 19 -Unit 1 People of Achievement定语从句一、定语从句的种类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。【观察例句】

2、This is the computer (that/which) he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.我带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。He is English, which I know from his accent.他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。This is our headmaster, who I think has something important

3、 to tell you.这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要的事情要告诉你。【归纳用法】限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, as；关系副词有where, when, why。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句

4、的关系词略有不同。除that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句外，其他都可以。即学即练1用适当的关系词填空Holly, is from Australia, has a good command of Chinese.The dictionary, our teacher bought yesterday, is helpful to us.I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize

5、, is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.Davis wanted to visit the farm the seawater rice was grown.答案whowhichwhenwhichwhere二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1形式不同【观察例句】Here is the man who has been punished by the boss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)The project, which lasted three yea

6、rs, cost no less than $1 billion.这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)【归纳用法】限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。2先行词不同【观察例句】This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是novel)The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为novel)The novel i

7、s very interesting, which makes me very excited.那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容)【归纳用法】限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。3关系词的使用情况不同(1)that, why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句【观察例句】Most people didnt vote for him, which disappointed him.大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。I have told them the reason, for wh

8、ich I changed my mind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。【归纳用法】指物时要用which代替that, for which代替why。(2)关系代词替代情况不同【观察例句】This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)She has a younger brother, who i

9、s an English teacher.她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。【归纳用法】关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who代替。在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。(3)关系代词省略情况不同【观察例句】This is a good film (which/that) I saw a few days ago.这是我几天前看过的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)The summer holiday, which were looking forward

10、to, is drawing near.我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)【归纳用法】关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。即学即练2用适当的关系词填空Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018.Can you tell me the reason he was absent y

11、esterday?Einstein, was Jewish, found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of recovered.答案whichwhich/thatwhywhowhom三、as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别【观察例句】As we all know, Lu Xun is a great writer.众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。He failed in the experiment, w

12、hich was unexpected.他实验失败了，这是没有料到的。He is a cheat, as everyone can see.每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected.正如期望的那样，他实验做得非常成功。As we all know, paper was first made in China.正如大家所知，纸是中国发明的。【归纳用法】as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。as引导的从句

13、位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而which引导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。as引导从句时常译为“正如”，而which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。即学即练3用适当的关系词填空The weather turned out to be very fine, was more than we could expect. has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.He

14、failed in the driving test, we had expected.答案whichAsas.单句语法填空1Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.2She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in she distributed it to children.3I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of n

15、oise.4We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.5Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust.6Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.7The sun heats the earth, makes it possible for plant

16、s to grow.8Then he met Mary, invited him to a party.9There was a net bar around here, I remember.10He changed his mind again, made us all angry.答案1.which2.which3.whose4.when5.that6.who7.which8.who9.as 10which.短文语法填空 (用适当的关系词填空)The very film 1._ is called Titanic is such a beautiful and sad love stor

17、y 2._ is popular with the public, 3._ hero and heroine are Jack and Rose.Rose is a young beautiful woman with 4._ her mother went to America.Jack, 5._ won a ship ticket by playing cards, is a poor painter.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic 6._ they had a happy time.Sadly, the nice

18、journey was destroyed by a huge iceberg, 7._ Jack lost his life for saving Rose (everyone will be moved by the selfless way in 8._ most people cant behave in real life)Before Jack left Rose forever, he encouraged Rose to live well for him.9._ is known to all, love is the strongest strength.And thats

19、 the reason 10._ Rose could live alone and tell us the moving story.答案1.that2.as3.whose4.whom5.who6.where7.when8.which9.As10.whyUnit 2 Looking into the Future将来进行时一、定义将来进行时表示最近或较远的将来正在进行的动作或说话人已经计划或安排好的事情。二、构成【观察例句】We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes.我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。Anyhow, you wont be

20、playing for the next few Saturdays.无论如何，后几个星期六你不许再玩了。Will you be remaining in the city?Yes, I shall be (remaining in the city)你将来会留在这个城市吗？是。What time will she be arriving?She will be arriving at about 8：30 tomorrow morning.她什么时候到达？她大概明天上午8点半到达。【归纳用法】1肯定句：主语 shall/will be 现在分词.2否定句：主语 shall/will not

21、be 现在分词.3疑问句：Shall/Will 主语 be 现在分词.?4疑问代词/疑问副词 shall/will 主语 be 现在分词.?【名师点津】shall用于第一人称，will用于第一、二、三人称。即学即练1完成句子今晚我将在办公室里待到比较晚。I will be staying late at the office this evening.他们会顺着这条路来吗？不，他们不会从这条路来。Will they be coming this way?No, they wont be (coming this way)明天早上十点他会在干嘛？What will he be doing at

22、10：00 am. tomorrow?三、将来进行时的主要用法【观察例句】A space vehicle will be circling Jupiter in five years time.航天器5年后将绕木星飞行。When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television.当我到家时，我太太可能正在看电视。Ill be taking my holidays soon.不久我将要度假了。We shall be going to London next week.下周我们要去伦敦。Will you be having some

23、tea? 喝点茶吧。Will you be needing anything else? 你还需要什么吗？【归纳用法】1将来进行时表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。2将来进行时表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。3将来进行时表示委婉语气。即学即练2 完成句子五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃晚饭。Dont phone me between 5 and 6.We will be having dinner then.我下个星期来看你。I will be seeing you next week.克雷格教授明晚作关于伊特拉斯坎陶器的讲演。Professor Craig will be giving

24、 a lecture on Etruscan pottery tomorrow evening.四、将来进行时与一般将来时的区别1一般将来时是指将来某个时间将要发生的动作和状态，基本结构是：主语will do.I will go to Beijing next Sunday.我下个星期天将要去北京。What will you do tomorrow? 你明天干什么？将来进行时是指将来某个时间正在进行的动作。基本结构是：主语 will be doing What will you be doing this time tomorrow?明天这个时候你会在做什么呢？2. 两者均可表示将来，但用将来

25、进行时语气更委婉比较：When will you finish these letters?你什么时候处理完这些信件？(直接询问，如上司对下属)When will you be seeing Mr. White?你什么时候见怀特先生？(委婉地询问，如下属对上司)When will you pay back the money? 你什么时候还钱？(似乎在直接讨债)When will you be paying back the money?这钱你什么时候还呢？(委婉地商量)3. 有时一般将来时中的will含有“愿意”的意思，而用将来进行时则只是单纯地谈未来情况Mary wont pay this

26、 bill.玛丽不肯付这笔钱。(表意愿)Mary wont be paying this bill.不会由玛丽来付钱。(单纯谈未来情况)即学即练3完成句子十二点的时候我将在睡觉。I will be sleeping at 12：00 pm.我20岁的时候我将会在大学里学习。I will be studying in university at the age of 20.当他看到有人遇到危险，他会怎么做？What will he do if he sees somebody in danger?.单句语法填空1He (lie) on one of the sunny beaches in Ha

27、waii all day when he spends his holiday there.2. Dont call me between 2：00 and 4：00 this afternoon.I (have) an test then.3. Nobody knew what (happen) to the Earth in a centurys time.4. Mr.Lee said he would give the CD to me as soon as he (return) from Canada.5. When we were young, father (take) us f

28、or a special treat on Mothers day.6Did you invite Sarah to your birthday party?Sorry, I forget.I (call) her now.7You cant miss him.He (wear) a dark green suit and a yellow tie waiting for you.8. I tell) you about my plan, but you stopped me before I could speak.9. Will you (use) your computer this t

29、ime tomorrow?10. I (close) the kitchen door when a little mouse popped its head out.答案1.will be lying2.will/ shall be having3.would happen4.returned5.would take 6will call7.will be wearing8.was about to tell 9be using10.was about to close.完成句子1快！客人就要来了！Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at any mi

30、nute!2我们将在澳大利亚过冬。Well be spending the winter in Australia.3我要写信告诉皮特先生关于汤姆的新房子的事。 Ill write to Mr. Pitt and tell him about Toms new house.4请你把钢琴搬进这里来，好吗？Will you please bring the piano in here?5现在他们正坐在教室里听录音。明天这个时候他们会坐在电影院里看电影。Now they are sitting in their classroom and listening to a tape.This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema.Unit 3 Fascinating Parks动词ing形式作主语一、关于动词ing形式的基本情况1动词ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动词ing形式在句中的语法作用：动名词在句中