时态和动词不规则过去式.docx

1、时态和动词不规则过去式The simple past tense 一般过去时一.概念：一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。二时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, two days ago, long long ago, a minute ago,last year(week, month), once upon a time, just now, in those days.三过去时的用法：1有确定的过去时间状语时要用过去式。例：We had a good time last week.2表示过去连续发生的

2、动作时，要用过去式。例：The boy closed the door, turned off the window, and then went to bed.3. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，要用过去式。例：She often came to help me at that time.四.一般过去式的构成形式：Be动词的过去式肯定句：主语+ be动词的过去式（was, were） 例：He was ill yesterday.否定句：主语+ be动词的过去式（was, were）+ not 例：He was not ill yesterday.一般疑问句：直接把be动词提到句首。例

3、：Was he ill yesterday? Yes, he was./ No, he wasnt.一般动词的过去式肯定句：主语+动词的过去式 例：He played football last week.否定句：主语+ did not +动词原形 例：He did not play football last week.一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形 例：Did he play football last week? Yes, he did./ No, he didnt.五动词变过去式的几种常用规则：1一般动词直接+ ed; 例：look-looked want-wanted list

4、en -listened2以e结尾的词直接+ d; 例：live-lived phone-phoned3以辅音字母加y结尾, 变y为i加ed; 例：try-tried study-studied4重读闭音节结尾的，词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ ed;例：stop-stopped plan-planned 六具体示例：Be动词 肯定句She was nine two years ago. They were my students long long ago.否定句 She was not nine two years ago. They were not my students l

5、ong long ago.一般疑问句Was she nine two years ago? Were they your students long long ago?肯、否定回答 Yes, she was. / No, she wasnt. Yes, they were. / No, they werent.实意动词 肯定句 She watched TV last night.否定句 She didnt watch TV last night.一般疑问句 Did she watch TV last night?肯、否定回答Yes, she did. / No, she didnt.不规则动词

6、过去式和过去分词巧记方法一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。如： cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如： come-came-come, become-became

7、-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome 三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如： 1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如： end-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如： sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held 3. 以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept。如： keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept 4. 过去式

8、和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如： buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught 5. 有的以ay结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如： say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid 6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如： have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left

9、, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt 四、有些动词原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变i为a，在过去分词中变i为u。如： begin-began-begun, sing-sang-sung 五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词，在变成过去式时，通常把元音字母变成e，在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。如： blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known 六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n

10、或en，变成以en结尾的单词。如： Rise-rose-risen, arise-arose-arisen， give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate -eaten 特殊： write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten （1） AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形） cost（花费） cost cost cut（割） cut cut hit（打） hit hit hurt

11、伤害） hurt hurt let（让） let let put（放） put put read （读） read read spread (伸展/ 传播) spread spread (2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形） beat（跳动） beat beaten (3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形） become（变成）became become come（来） came come run（跑） ran run (4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形） dig（挖） dug dug get（得到） got got hang（吊死） hanged hanged hang（悬挂） hu

12、ng hung hold（抓住） held held lay (产卵) laid laid shine（照耀） shone shone sit（坐） sat sat win （赢） won won meet（遇见） met met keep （保持） kept kept sleep（睡） slept slept sweep（扫） swept swept feel（感觉） felt felt flee (逃跑) fled fled smell（闻） smelt smelt leave（离开） left left build（建设） built built lend（借出） lent lent s

13、end （传送) sent sent spend（花费） spent spent sink (沉下)sunk /sank snuk /sunken lose （丢失） lost lost burn （燃烧） burnt burnt learn（学习） learnt learnt mean（意思是）meant meant catch（抓住） caught caught teach（教) taught taught bring(带来） brought brought fight （战斗) fought fought buy（买） bought bought think（想） thought tho

14、ught hear （听见） heard heard sell（卖） sold sold tell（告诉） told told say（说） said said find（找到) found found feed ( 饲养 )fed fed have/has(有) had had make（制造) made made stand（站） stood stood smell （闻）smelled /smelt smelled /smelt stick (粘贴 /刺) stuck stuck spell (拼写)spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spit (吐唾沫）spat s

15、pat understand(明白)understood understood (5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形） begin（开始）began begun drink（喝） drank drunk hide （躲藏）hid hidden ring（铃响） rang rung sing （唱） sang sung swim（游泳） swam swum blow（吹） blew blown draw （画） drew drawn fly（飞） flew flown grow（生长） grew grown know（知道） knew known throw（投掷）threw

16、thrown show（出示） showed shown break（打破）broke broken choose（选择)chose chosen forget（忘记)forgot forgotten (forgot) freeze （结冰 凝固）froze frozen speak（说） spoke spoken wake（醒） woke woke drive（驾驶）drove driven eat（吃） ate eaten fall（落下） fell fallen give（给） gave given rise（升高） rose risen take（取） took taken mista

17、ke(弄错)mistook mistaken ride（骑） rode ridden write（写） wrote written do（做） did done go（去） went gone lie（平躺） lay lain see（看见） saw seen wear （穿） wore worn be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were been -spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten 一般现在时态在英语中，由于谓语动作发生的时间不同，或表达不同时间存在的状态，谓语动词都要发生相应的变化，这种动词形式的变化就叫做动词

18、的时态。一般现在时态除主语为单数第三人称外，谓语动词一律用动词原形，常与下列时间状语连用：always, usually, ofen, sometimes, every(month, week, Sunday)如果主语为第三人称单数，那么谓语动词的词尾就要发生变化。1.Be动词 have 动词 Im a teacher. You are a teacher. She(He) is a teacherWe/You/They are teachers. I/You have an English book.She/He has an English book. We/You/They have E

19、nglish books.2.第三人称单数行为动词变化规则一般情况下词尾加-s以-ch,-sh,-o,-s,-s结尾的动词尾加-es以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词先变y为i后再加-eslive-liveslearn-learnsclean-cleanshelp-helpsteach-teacheswash-washespass-passesgo-goesfix-fixesstudy-studiescarry-carriesfly-flies3一般现在时动词词尾变化读音规则4.一般现在时态的用法表经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。I go to school every day except Sat

20、erday and Sundays. There are 22 classes in our school表一种客观事实或普遍真理。The earth is round. The sun is bigger than the moon.(1)一般现在时的否定形式 动词be 的否定形式：主语+am/is/are+not + 表语 Im not a work. He/She is not a teacher. We are not Japanese.动词have 的否定形式：主语+ have/has +not any/no +宾语I have not any/no pens.=I dont hav

21、e (any) pens. 其他行为动词一般现在时的否定式是：如果主语是I,you或复数时，就在动词前加 do not, 可缩略为dont;如果主语是第三人称单数时，就在动词前加does not, 可缩写为doesnt.但此时，动词一定要变原形。I speak Enlish. I dont speak English. We/You/They speak English. We(You, They) dont speak English. He/She /It speaks English. He/She /It doesnt speak English. 注; doesnt 和 dont 后

22、一律用原形。（2）一般现在时的疑问句式 动词be的疑问式：只需要将be动词提到句首，第一个字母大写，句号变问好即可。Mr. White is a writer. Is Mr. White a writer?动词have的疑问式动词have/has 表示“有”变为疑问句时，可直接把have/has放在句首。如果have/has表示其他意思时，就要借助动词do/does来提问了。I have a beautiful skirt. Have you a beautiful skirt?Mary has a new school bag .Has Mary a new school bag ?They

23、 have classes every day.Do they have classes every day?She has breakfast at 6:30 every day.Does she have breakfast at 6:30 every day? 其他行为动词一般现在时疑问句式：Do/Does + 主语+行为动词的原形（+宾语）+ 状语?Do you often go to school by bike? Does he read English every morning?一般将来时一.意义:表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作，常与表

24、示将来的时间状语连用。如：tomorrow , soon ,next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening 二. 构成及变化一般将来时常用的两种结构be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。shallwill+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的计划性, 还用来表示意愿1. be going to +动词原形1.肯定句主语+ be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份My sister is going to l

25、earn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。2.否定句 主语+be（am / is / are）not going to +动词原形 +其它成份I am not going to（go to）the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份?Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isnt.你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗?不。4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ?Where

26、are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过？5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ， come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: Hes going to New York next week.下周他要去纽约.2. will /shall +动词原形 （在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will）1.肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。2.否定句主语 + w

27、ill /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份They wont watch TV this evening.今天晚上他们不看电视。3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份Will you stay at home with us tomorrow ？ 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗？4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来？附 :Shall I /we 常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you?他们的回答比较灵活。1Shall we go

28、 to the park ?肯定Sure , lets go .否定 No , lets go to the cinema.2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ?肯定Yes, I will. / Sure .否定 Im sorry. Im afraid I cant.现在进行时现在进行时用助动词be的人称形式加现在分词构成，它的肯定、否定、疑问形式如下：I am working。 I am not working。 I am i working？现在进行时主要表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。Where are the

29、y having the basket-ball match？They are putting up the scaffolding。Hes showing a foreign guest round the city。在不少情况下，表示正在进行的动作的汉语句子，并没有“正在”这样的字，在译为英语时却必须用进行时态：How are you getting on with the work？ The work is going fairly smoothly。You are making rapid progress。 t is blowing hard。 Who are you waiting

30、 for？Wenever I see her，she is working in the garden。我每次看到她时，她总是在花园里干活。在一般现在时所列的表示状态和感觉的动词，一般不能用于进行时态，因为他们不能表示正在进行的动作。但如果词义转变，能表示一个正在进行的动作，就能够用于进行时态，试比较下面的句子：Do you see anyone over there？你看到那里有什么人吗？Are you seeing someone off？你在给谁送行吗？I hear someone singing。我听见有人唱歌。They are hearing an english talk？他们在听

31、一个英语报告。What do you think of it？你觉得这怎么样？What are you thinking about？你在想什么？另外，表示无法持续动作的动词，一般不宜用于进行时态，但有些可以用于这个时态表示重复、即将等：He is jumping up and down。她一上一下地跳着。The train is arriving。火车就要进站了。The old man is dying。老头病危了。现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安安排要进行的动作（这是多有一个表示未来时间的状语）：We are leaving on friday。Are you going anywhere tomorrow？A foreign guest is giving a lecture in english this afternoon。Xiao Hong！