各个大学英语综合考研真题.docx

1、各个大学英语综合考研真题上海外国语大学2008年英语综合考研真题I.CLOZE (30points)Fill in each of the blanks below with a word provided in the box. You may change the words into their proper forms if needed so that the words you put in will be grammatically and semantically appropriate. You can only use the words in the box ONCE.

2、Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.abrasive adaptable bath behalf challenge clear crowded distracting edge face find foot go gold hospital key land live open other patient ration recognize same soul take trace track world worthy All three winners of this years Nobel Prize for Medicine are eminen

3、t scientists, but Mario Capecchi is the one with the spiral-staircase story: the starving, homeless Italian street kid who found his way to America, to Harvard, to Utah, ever the refugee, before finally arriving at eternal glory and the Nobel Prize.Its in many ways a familiar tale, Oliver Twist meet

4、s Albert Einstein, the pilgrim who comes to the promised land expecting, as he says, “the roads to be paved in (1) .What I found actually was just opportunity.” But history also has enough nice serrated edges to (2) our theories about genes and genius and what really makes us who we are.You could sa

5、y the visionary geneticist had a (3) genetic edge. Capecchis grandmother was a painter, his uncle a renowned physicist, and his mother Lucy Ramberg an expat American poet (4) in a chalet in the Italian Alps when Mario was born in 1937. She had fallen in with a group of bohemian writers who believed,

6、 her son says with just a (5) of bemusement, that “they could wipe out Fascism and Nazism with a pen.” After the Gestapo came in 1941 to take her to Dachau, Mario (6) on the streets. He was 4 years old.All children have their own normal; they have not yet seen any worlds other than their own. Capecc

7、his (7) was an uncontrolled experiment in resilience. “I never felt sorry for myself,” he recalls, “Children are remarkably (8) . Put them in a situation, and they simply will do whatever it is they need to do.”For his band of urchins, that meant a cunning methodical pursuit of food and shelter. The

8、y worked together like raptors, one child (9) the street vendors so another could steal the fruit. Capecchi finally landed in a (10) in Reggio Emilia, where he could starve more systematically. The daily(11) in Reggio Emilia, where he could starve more systematically. The daily(11) was a piece of br

9、ead and some chicory coffee, and to deep the children from running off, “they(12) all of our clothes away.” He lay on a bed with no sheers, no blankets, feverish with hunger. It was there he learned the art of (13) plotting as he imagined all the ways he might escape and the obstacles hed(14) to do

10、so.In 1945, when American soldiers liberated Dachau, Lucy went hunting for her son. She scoured hospital records, searching for more than a year before she (15) him down. It was on his 9th birthday, Oct. 6, 1946, that the mother he scarcely (16) arrived, a new Tyrolean outfit in hand, including the

11、hat with the feather. She took him to Rome, where he had his first (17) in six years, and ultimately to the New World, where they settled in Quaker Commune outside Philadelphia.Creativity, Capecchi once said, comes from “the(18)juxtaposition” of life experiences. His old life and new one certainly r

12、ubbed each other raw. Some teachers wrote off the feral boy who had never set (19) in a school and spoke no English; but others gave him paints and told him to make murals to communicate. One day he was beating up the (20) third-graders, since that was what he knew how to do. And soon he was beating

13、 up older kids on(21) of his peers. “That gave me a position, ”he says, “some social standing.”Capecchi ultimately (22) his way to Harvard, the center of the universe in the early days of molecular biology. But he felt (23)by colleagues whose rivalries consumed them as much as their research. So he

14、set off for the University of Utah, where the sight lines suited him better and collegiality was the (24) to success. He lives in a house high over a canyon. “I love looking across long distance,” he says. “I think it sort of (25) up my mind.”This vista is necessary for his work as well as his (26)

15、. Capecchi looks at science as a series of circles: the smallest circle is the one in which everyone is doing the (27) thing. As you move farther out “fewer people are willing to go there, but youre charting new area. (28) too far. Step out of bounds, and youre in science fiction. So you have to be

16、careful, But you want to be as close to the(29) as possible.” When he first proposed manipulating mouse genes to help model disease, the NIH gatekeepers thought he was over the line, “Not (30) of pursuit,” they said of his grant proposals. Happily Capecchi ignored them. Now he triumphed in spite of

17、his ordeals. PROOF-READING& ERROR CORRECTION (20 points)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and corrcect it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong

18、 word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the lineFor an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a sla

19、sh “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2)neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often (3)exhibition-exhibitbuild it.Note: write

20、your answer on the answer sheet.In his 1988 best seller A Brief history of Time, Stephen Hawking made readers wonder: if the universe is expanding, where is it expanding to?Now Hawking has teamed up his daughter, Lucy （1） with Hawking, to write Georges Secret Key to the Universe, the first in a tril

21、ogy of novels directed at the fertile minds of children. In an interview on e-mail, Hawking explains: （2） “The aim of the book is to encourage childrens sense of wonder at the universe. We want them to look up outward. （3） Only then will they be able to make the right decisions to safeguard the futu

22、re of the human race.”Georges Secret Key to the Universe, aimed 9-to 11-year-olds, （4） tells the story of a young boy, George, and a cheery astrophysicist,Eric, who talking computer opens a portal to the known （5） universe. The duo don spacesuits and use the portal to search for planets to which hum

23、anity can escape the irreversible （6） warming of the earth. Along the way, George and the readerlearn from the basics of astrophysics and astronomy through （7） illustrations and captioned photographs. “You dont needactual secret key to explore the universe,” George ultimately （8） discovers. “Theres

24、one that everyone can use. Its called physics.”The Hawkings portray the universe as harmony and （9） largely benign. But our present know ledge of the universe suggeststhat it is , in fact, a desolate and often violent expanse place in (10) which humankind plays an inconsequential role.READING COMPRE

25、HENSION (45 points)In this section, there are five reading passages followed by a total of 30 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write your answers on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneThis dictionary is for people who want to use modern English. It offers accurate and detailed informa

26、tion on the way modern English is used in all kinds of communication. It is a useful guide to writing and speaking English as well as an aid to reading and understanding.This dictionary looks rather like most others if you dont look too closely. Actually it is quite new and different. The techniques

27、 used to compile it are new and use advanced computer technology. For the user, the kind of information is different, the quality of information is different, and the presentation of the information is different.For the first time, a dictionary has been compiled by the thorough examination of a repr

28、esentative group of English text, spoken and written, running to many millions of words. This means that in addition to all the tools of the conventional dictionary makers wide reading and experience of English, other dictionaries and of course eyes and earsthis dictionary is based on hard, measurab

29、le evidence. No major uses are missed, and the number of times a use occurs has a strong influence on the way the entries are organized. Equally, the large group of texts, called the corpus, gives us reasonable grounds for omitting many uses and word-forms that do not occur in it. It is difficult fo

30、r a conventional dictionary, in the absence of evidence, to decide what to leave out, and a lot of quite misleading information is thus preserved in the tradition of lexicography.This dictionary makes a break with such traditions. We have gone back to basics and collected many millions of words, and

31、 put them into a very large computer. The dictionary team has had daily access to about 20 million words, with many more in specialized stores. The words came from books, magazines, newspapers, pamphlets, leaflets, conversation, radio and television broadcasts. The sources are gratefully acknowledge

32、d on page xxii. The aim was to provide a fair representation of contemporary English.No set of texts, however large, can be fully relied on; all the time the information from the texts has been analysed and appraised by a team of lexicographers, whose professional knowledge has also been used wherever there is only a small amount of evidence of the usage of a word or phrase.The quality of information in this dictionary is different from others. With our textural evidence it is possible to be precise about the shape of phrases and the e