2 CET 4writing.docx

1、2 CET 4writingA Lecture on CET 4-Writing1. Requirement大学英语四级考试写作部分要求考生达到教学要求中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出至少120词的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技能。”A 思想表达表达中心思想表达重要或特定信息表达观点、态度等B 篇章组织围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述、突出重点连贯地组句成段、组段成篇C 语言运用 运用恰当的词汇 运用正确的语法 运用合适的句子结构 使用正确的标点符号运用衔接手段表达句

2、间关系（如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等）D 写作格式运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式。2. Scoring Standards（1）本题满分为15分。（2） 阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。（3） 阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照Range Finders评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（即8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分），但不得加或减半分。（4）评分标准：2分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分 基本切题。有些

3、地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分（5）字数不足应酌情扣分：累计字数CET4110-119100-10990-9980-8970-7960-6950-5949CET6140-149130-139120-129110-119100-10990-9980-8979扣 分123456793. 评分范文2003年6月四级作文Directions: For th

4、is part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an eye-witness account of a traffic accident. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:假设你在某日某时某地目击一起车祸,就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：车祸发生的时间及地点你所见到的车祸情况你对车祸原因的分析14 points (178 w) It was the morning of April 6th, 2003.

5、 At about 7:30, I went to school by bike as usual. It was a rainy day and the road was slippery. On the way, I noticed a boy riding in front of me, talking loudly with his friends. He didnt wear a raincoat; instead he held an umbrella in one hand, and rode with another hand. As he turned left to Gua

6、ngming Road, he failed to see a car coming from behind a truck parked on the corner. Suddenly I heard a big noise and saw an umbrella thrown away. The boy was knocked down by the car. I was completely shocked. I think the boys absent-mindedness accounted much for the accident. He was talking all the

7、 time and dangerously used an umbrella while riding a bike. The weather also played a role in the tragedy. The third cause was the unproperly parked truck, which was big enough to make the road conditions invisible to the students who were going to make a turn. All these contributed to this accident

8、. 11 points (154 w) It was last Friday morning. The accident happened when I was on my way to school. It was so terrible that I would never forget it. I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the road. Then, with a big sound, the accident happened. A red car stoped suddenly on

9、 the road so that the driver of following car couldnt respond immiditely. The back of the red car was badly damaged, but fortunately there was no people injured in this accident. I think the main reasons are as follows: First of all, the red car shouldnt stop suddenly without any signals. Secondly,

10、the following car should keep a certain distance from the front car so that the driver could have enough time to take measures when any badly situation. Finally, these two drivers were careless. If they had paid more attention to driving, this accident wouldnt have happened.8 points (144 w) The traf

11、ic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways when I was driving my car home at about 4 oclock. The yellow car involed in the accident was running at a high speed along the right-hand when it happened. Hardly it reached the junction when it cracked with a truck running from another dir

12、ection. There was no time for the drivers to change the directions. I think the accident mostly attributed to such reasons: Firstly and the foremost, it was the carelessness of both of the drivers that mostly made the accidents happen. It was not too careful for them when running a car. Secondly, th

13、e weather also should be responsible for it. The fog made the vision of drivers vague. Last but not the least, the constructure of the roads was unreasonable. The trafic lights are needed at any junctions.5 points (158 w) It was 8:00 this morning, I went on my way to school. When I just at the schoo

14、l gate, I saw the terrible traffic accident happened. A student ride his bike in a high speed, and just when he arrived the school gate, a large truck traveled out of the gate and hit him down. He flied over 3m before his bike hit him on the ground. Surely, the poor boy was hurt very bad. I think th

15、ere are two reasons for the accident. First, it was just the time we began our first class, the bike rider perhaps did not want to be late, he ride his bike so fast, even didnt low down his speed at the gate. Secend, the truck is too large, and at that time, there were too many people walk through t

16、he gate, so the bike driver have no other way to chose, but to ride in the middle of the road.4. 写作步骤Step One：审题、确定立场、列出理由（只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由，防止遗忘），最少3分钟最多5分钟。要避免两个极端： a. 用时太少，理由没有想清楚就开始写，不仅造成文章逻辑结构不清，还会引起行文中频繁的修正，欲速则不达； b. 用时太多，不要追求一次思考就能把每一条理由及相关例证都想出来。其实想出两条之后就可以动笔，各个理由的例证可以写到该段时边思考边写。这一点你不必怀

17、疑，只要你的思维还是正常的，一定能做到。 Step Two：正文写作最少22分钟最多26分钟： a. 各段写作时注意对段落的不同部分给予不同的重视。主题句给予最大重视， b. 考前将文章开头、结尾、例证、让步等各种句型背熟练,并且练习和模考时把他们用熟，使用自己选的套话。 c. 当被告知还有5分钟结束时，一般你应该已经写到最后一条理由，或者已经在做结尾。要确保文章有结尾段（不排除将它和最后一条理由的末段结合在一起的可能性）。 Step Three：检查需要1-3分钟，有侧重点地检查： a. 句法：确保每句话是完整的，有谓语，且简单句只有一个谓语。 b. 时态：文章绝大部分使用的是一般现在时；一

18、般现在时第三人称要使用单数；使用过去发生的事例时用的是过去时； c. 主谓一致 按此三步，持续练习5篇以上，可以确保时间问题。5.典型错误分析（1）. 词不达意 (1.误：With the development of the economics, more and more people are able to receive college education. 正：With the development of the economy, more and more people are able to receive college education. 随着经济的发展，越来越多的人能够

19、接受大学教育。 注：用词错误。economics意为“经济学”，而“经济”应为economy，例如：市场经济market economy，计划经济planned economy (2. 误：Fake drugs are not efficient in treating diseases. 正：Fake drugs are not effective in treating diseases. 假药对治疗疾病没有效果。 注：efficient用于物时，指不浪费， 效率高的；用于人时，指具有很强的工作能力和效率，在有限时间内能完成许多工作。例如：You need a very efficient

20、 production manager你需要一位非常能干的生产经理。Our efficient new machines are much cheaper to run. 使用那些高效率的新机器节省开支。指（某物）能产生优良效果，能解决问题。例如：The government has taken some effective measures to reduce pollution. 政府已采取有效措施减少污染。TV has become a very effective advertising medium.电视已成为一种非常有效的广告手段。 (3. 误：Most students are

21、probable to take out loans. 正：Most students are likely to take out loans. 大多数学生可能要贷款。 注：该句的错误在于不了解probable和 likely在用法上的区别。probable作表语时，主语不能是人，而是事，经常用it作形式主语。例如：It is probable that he will come this afternoon. 他可能今天下午来。而likely作表语时，主语既可以是人，也可以是事。 （2）中式英语(1 误：Attending college is really admirable excep

22、t the high tuition and fees. 正：Attending college is really admirable except for the high tuition and fees. 除了昂贵的学费以外，上大学确实是一件令人羡慕的事。 注：except表示“除.之外”，意思是从整体里除去某部分，一般用来排除同类。例如：We go there every day except Sunday. 我们每天都去那里，只有星期天例外。All the students except him passed the exam. 除了他以外，其他学生都通过了考试。(2. 误：I a

23、m necessary to find a part-time job during the vacation. 正：It is necessary for me to find a part-time job during the vacation. 我有必要在假期找一份零工。注：necessary作表语时，主语一般不用人，而是事。通常用It is necessary for sb. to do sth. 这个句型。例：It is necessary for us to learn English well.我们有必要把英语学好。(3. 误：In the past, many men obj

24、ected their wives to go out to work. 正：In the past, many men objected to their wives going out to work. 过去，许多男人反对自己的妻子出去工作。 注：object是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，通常用object to sth. 或object to doing sth.。例：I object to his smoking. 我反对他抽烟。Her parents object to the marriage. 她父母反对这桩婚姻。Object后面接that引导的从句时，它被用作及物动词。但要

25、特别注意的是，that 引导的从句不是反对的内容，而是反对的理由。 例如：He objected that I was not responsible enough.他提出了反对，说我责任心不够强。（不能理解成：他反对说我不够负责。） Mom objected that we were too young to go on vacation alone.妈妈提出了反对，说我们太小不能独自出去度假。（3）搭配不当(1 误：Nowadays, more and more students are able to enter into a college. 正：Nowadays, more and

26、more students are able to enter/attend a college. 现在越来越多的人能上大学。 注：enter作“进入”解时，通常后面不跟into。例：When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stopped talking. 当老师走进教室时，学生们停止谈话。Enter into意为“参加”或“开始从事”，例如：He entered into business when he was 20. 他20岁时开始经商。“上大学”应是enter a college/university; attend c

27、ollege；上完大学go through college.(2. 误：The government should make some measures against fake commodities. 正：The government should take some measures against fake commodities. 政府应该采取一些措施反对伪劣商品。 注：动词make与名词measure搭配不当，measure通常与take搭配，意为“采取措施 ”。注意take与make所搭配的不同名词。例：take notes记笔记； take cold感冒； take ones

28、leave 告辞；take office就职； take ones advice 接受某人的劝告；take action采取行动；make great efforts作很大努力； make an answer回答； make a decision作出决定； make a promise允is occupied in translating an English novel. 她正翻译一部英文小说。My parents are fully occupied with their daily work. 我父母忙于日常工作。(3. 误：I have difficulty to pay for my

29、 college education. 正：I have difficulty in paying for my college education. 正：It is difficult for me to pay for my college education. 注：要表达“做某事有困难”用have difficulty in doing sth. 这个句型或It is difficult (for sb. to do sth.。例：You will have great difficulty in finding a good job in the city. 或It will be v

30、ery difficult for you to find a good job in the city.你想在这个城市找到一份好工作是很困难的。 I have difficulty in going to sleep.我难于入睡。另外，要注意difficulty跟动词的搭配，例：meet the difficulty对付困难。（4）词性误用(1. 误：I get up early to do exercises in order to strong my body. 正：I get up early to do exercises in order to strengthen build u

31、p my body. 正：I get up early to do exercises in order to build up my body/build me up. 我早起做早操，增强体质。 注：此题的错误属混淆词性。strong是形容词，它的动词形式是strengthen，因此, “增强体质”应 是strengthen ones body.。 例：增强我们的竞争能力to strengthen our competitive ability； 增强 我们的经济实力to strengthen our financial position.。(2. 误：Some regard fail as

32、 a good thing. They first find out the reason why they have failed and then do their best to overcome the obstacles. 正：Some regard failure as a good thing. They first find out the reason why they have failed and then do their best to overcome the obstacles. 有些人把失败看成是一件好事。他们首先找出失败的原因，然后尽全力去克服困难。 注：fail是动词，它的名词形式应是f