外文翻译.docx

1、外文翻译 南 京 理 工 大 学 紫 金 学 院毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 系： 机械工程系 专 业： 机械工程及自动化 姓 名： 杜锋 学 号： 100104109 外文出处：Toy development and design based on the needs of older persons 附 件：1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 指导教师评语： 该生翻译了一篇有关基于老年人需要的玩具开发和设计的论文，论文内容主要研究使用于老年人的玩具需求、开发设计原则，在将来的课题“儿童玩具设计”中可以借鉴。译文语句基本通顺，专业术语基本正确。说明该生具备一定的英语水平和翻译能力。 签名：

2、 年 月 日附件1：外文资料翻译译文基于老年人需要的玩具开发和设计杨光辉摘 要：在中国，老龄化和老年人的生活质量已成为当今社会着重关注的问题，如何解决这个问题已经成为了老年人用品发展的一项重要挑战。现在，随之而来的解决办法多种多样。例如，设计界已经开始重视老年人用品的开发和设计，但其中有很大一部分是用于医疗的产品。对健康的人来说，在他们的年纪内大多数的这类设计很少涉及到。在此，我认为，玩具的功能，关键是强调对老年人身心健康的发展，所以重新考虑老年人玩具的发展也是一种方法。关键词：老年人玩具，需要设计，人性化的关怀提到的玩具，我们总是不自觉地想到无辜的孩子，仿佛玩具只是孩子们的特权。但随着生活水

3、平的提高，人们注重玩具的意识不断提高。为了满足儿童的需要，各种各样设计都带了出来，甚至于奢侈品类的，而玩具也逐渐成为孩子的必需品。然而，中国玩具协会表明，玩具不再是儿童的唯一特权。玩具的概念已经延伸，现代玩具的功能和实用范围得到了进一步扩大。玩具不仅仅启发孩子，同时也成为老年人娱乐产品。老人们也需要能够满足他们精神需求、能够丰富他们的生活的玩具。一、老年人玩具设计和开发的状态在中国，老年人玩具仍是一个发展中的行业。老年人群体作为客户,他们有需求和购买力,但是没有针对性的玩具。在中国有多达1.3亿名老年人，这将是一个巨大的消费群体,但老年人玩具的研究和开发已经落后发达国家近30年。在美国，老年人

4、玩具市场也比较成熟,专门为老年人生产的玩具就达到了玩具市场的40。他们有很多老年人玩具商店贯穿整个城市和农村地区。并且我们的邻国日本在这一领域也做的很不错，他们大多数的玩具企业都生产老年人玩具，并持续推出新产品。二、玩具的开发对老年人的意义从工作中退休,老人们得到了比以前更多的时间。除了在家里看电视,他们没有很多娱乐选择,有些老人一直长期处于孤独感之中。随着时间的推移,他们容易抑郁,患上焦虑障碍和老年痴呆，这严重影响他们的身心健康，甚至成为孩子和社会的负担。北京宣武医院康复系犯罪嫌疑人李广庆曾经说过：随着年龄的增加,老年人的身体功能逐渐退化，他们的反应慢慢变迟钝。同时,退休之后，他们使用大脑的

5、机会减少，进而导致注意力和认知能力下降。减缓大脑衰老最有效的方式除了保持良好的习惯和适度的运动,也可以多运用双手和多动脑，而这正是玩具的功能。老年痴呆症患者玩玩具,在某种程度上,可以缓解诸多症状。因此，玩具可以开发人们的思维能力，提高我们的智慧。如果老年人玩具不断发展，大脑老化和老年痴呆症会得到有效预防。医学专家研究发现，为了维持老人的智慧，首先要充分保护大脑。除了补充适当的营养和充足的睡眠，老年人也应该多动动大脑。正如中国谚语所说，“流水不腐，门枢不蠹”，大脑用的越是勤快，脑袋越是敏感,玩玩具就是充分用脑的好方法。在玩具上，老人们不仅获得了更多的信息，同时变得比以前更加乐观，渐渐地也提高他们

6、的免疫系统功能。三、老年人玩具的需求分析什么是需求分析？这种方法是把重点放在用户的需求,而用户的需求是许多新产品的来源。什么是需求设计？它是最前端程序在其生命周期的新产品，并决定新产品的成功或失败。需求设计开始于企业和市场设计师的判断、用户的需求和在产品开发的说明，结束于规划建议或技术规范。了解市场或用户的需求是研发成功的产品的深层次投资。老年人玩具的开发和设计应该从他们的需求出发。只有真正了解老人们的心理和生理需求，才能设计出成功的玩具，让老年人的生理和精神充分体会到关爱。老年人玩具应该把人文关怀的理念融入玩具设计过程中。老年人玩具设计的目的是加强以老年人为中心的设计原则，并对我们了解老年人

7、的生理心理特点，文化层次和生活方式有所帮助。玩具设计的原理，同时也反映出对老年人的人文关怀。(1)安全第一在不同程度上，老人们的认知能力和判断能力逐渐减弱，因而在使用产品的过程中，他们难免会犯错误。在他们身体和精神健康遭遇威胁时，通常无法逃脱危险。因此，老年人玩具应该是不会伤害到身体的。这样一来，即使老人们犯错，也不会有危险。这里的还原操作过程和消息的安全运行是一种有效的、确保老年人安全的方法。(2)难度适中老年人玩具应该是难度适中，其目的是引起他们玩耍的兴趣。如果太简单，就很难提高老年人的动手能力，从而起不到锻炼大脑的目的，如果太困难，学习怎么玩将是一个艰苦的过程，容易产生失败的感觉，不利于

8、他们的心理健康。(3)容易识别玩具应该有一个为老年人熟悉的形式和可以理解的难度范围。还应该配备一个保持在老年人熟悉和习惯的位置的接口。此外，需要界面设计的玩具，应考虑到的图形符号，尺寸，颜色，声音的清晰度，光强等因素。(4)便于沟通人的感情需要宣泄和交流，特别是对老年人。对他们来说，情感交流是必不可少的，这可以保持他们的活力，并提高生活质量。玩玩具，有很多途径可供他们选择，比如：轮流参与，共同努力。多人玩具的发展创造了一个和谐的环境，使他们交流的时候能够发挥作用。所以玩具发展的核心涉及到参与者尽可能多的参与方式。而共同协作参与的方法是最好的，这样更利于谈话，并结识一些新朋友。在这样的环境里，老

9、年人可以扩大自己的社交圈子与情感交流。(5)保持健康和智力发展的影响随着年龄的增长，人的器官衰退成为一种客观的生理现象。为了保持良好的身体机能和精神状态，提高生活质量，健身益智在老年人的生活中成为一个非常重要的内容。健身和玩玩具可以实现老年人的最基本需求。老人们玩智力玩具可以有效预防老年痴呆症，所以保持老年人的心灵的灵活性是玩具的主要发展方向。(6)文化内涵丰富的生活经历带给老人们更加全面的生活理念，因此玩具必须具有一定的思想和文化的深度,这能够让他们沉于回忆和思考问题。老年人玩具和孩童的玩具不同：一个孩子玩玩具靠直觉，靠他们的直观感受，而老年人强调玩具的内在乐趣，并对有文化内涵的玩具非常感兴

10、趣。当然，这种文化必须深入老人们的内心深处。总结:老年人玩具具有广阔的市场前景，对我们每个人将不可避免地成为历史。设计行业应该更加努力地设计产品并使之提高老年人的生活水平。其中一种方式是开发老年人玩具并帮助他们改善生活质量。大家都知道，照顾老人就是照顾全人类，创造满足老人们需求的设计已成为当今社会的一项紧迫任务。附件2：外文原文Toy development and design based on the needs of older personsyang guanghuiabstracts： in china, aging and the life-quality of older per

11、sons has become todays important issues of social concern, and how to solve this problem thus turns to be an important challenge in the design and development of supplies for the old. now, the ensuing ways to solve varied. for instance, the design community has put emphasis on the design and develop

12、ment of the supplies for the old, but a large part of these de signs were for medical care and medical products of the senior person. the designs for the vast majority of the healthy people in their senior age are rarely involved. in this, i think, for the function of toys, the emphasis on the devel

13、opment of physical and mental health of older persons is the key, so to rethink the development of toys for the old persons in china is one of the ways.key words: toys for the old; needs design; humane carementions of the toys, we always unconsciously think of the innocent children, as if toys are j

14、ust childs belongings. with the improvement of living standards, emphasis on the toys is constantly improved. to meet the needs of children, various designs are brought out, and then from luxury goods, toys have gradually become the childs necessities. however, the authorities of the china toy assoc

15、iation state that the toy is no longer the childrens only product: toy concept has been extended and functional and practical range of modern toy has been further expanded. toys not olny inspire children, but also become the recreation products for the seniors. the old also need toys that could meet

16、 their spiritual needs and enrich their life in later years.1.status of the development and design of toys for the seniorsin china, toy for the old is still an industry to be developed. senior people, as customers, they have needs and also purchasing power, but no targeted toys for them. there is as

17、 much as 130 million seniors in china who would be a huge consumer group, but the research and development of toys for old consumers has lagged behind developed country for more than 30 years.in america, the toys designed for the seniors amount to 40% of the toy market. the toy market for old person

18、s is more mature. they have many toy stores for the seniors throughout the urban and rural areas. also our neighbor japan does well in the development of toys for the old persons, and most toy companies have produced toys for seniors, and continued to introduce new products.2.the meaning of the deve

19、lopment of toys for the seniorsretiring from work, the senior people get more time than before. besides watching tv at home, they have no many alternative entertainments. some old people have been for a long period in the sate of loneliness. over time, they are prone to depression, anxiety disorder

20、and alzheimers, seriously affecting their physical and mental health and become burden to children and society.li guangqing in department of rehabilitation of beijing xuanwu hospital once said: “with age increasing, the function of the body of the seniors gradually degraded, and their reaction will

21、be clumsier. at the same time, retirement from work, the opportunity for the old to use their brain reduces, which further brings the decline of attention and cognitive ability. except to maintain good habits and moderate exercise, to slow down brain aging, putting hands and brain in work at the sam

22、e time is the most effective way, which is exactly the function of toys. for people with alzheimers, playing with toys, to some extent, would alleviate the condition.therefore, toys can develop peoples thinking ability, and improve our intelligence. if the seniors play with toys constantly, the agin

23、g of the brain and the alzheimers would be effectively prevented. medical experts found that to maintain old peoples intelligence, we must first fully protect the brain. in addition to proper nutrition and adequate sleep, the seniors should make most of the brain. just as chinese saying tells that”

24、water does not rot, and the door hinge is never worm-eaten “, the more one use his brain, the more sensitive it becomes. playing with toys is exactly a good way to use the brain. with toys, the old people notonly receive more information, at the same time become more optimistic than before, thereby

25、enhancing their immune system function.3.the needs-analysis of toys for the oldwhat is a needs analysis? this approach is to focus on the users needs. users needs are sources of many new products.what is the demand-design? it is the most front-end process for new product in its life cycle, and decid

26、es the success or failure of the new products. needs-design starts from the businesses and designers judgment of the market or the needs of users, and ends at planning proposals or technical specifications on description of the product development. understand the market or user demand is a high-leve

27、l investment for the success of the product.the development and design of toys for old persons should start from the needs of the seniors. only a real understanding of the old consumers and their psychological and physiological needs can bring toys that give practical cares for the seniors physicall

28、y and spiritually.toys for the old should bring human care. toy design process should be integrated into this concept. the aim of the toy design for the old is enhanced, with seniors-centered design principles, and with the help of analysis on the seniors physiological psychological characteristics,

29、 cultural level and lifestyle. the toy design principle that shows humane care for the seniors is reflected at the same time.(1)safety firstto varying degrees, the judgment, cognitive ability and ability to respond of the old people weaken, thus in the process of using the product, they inevitably m

30、ake mistakes. in case a threat to physical and mental health occurs, they usually are unable to escape the danger. therefore, toys for the seniors should be fault-tolerant. so that, the old people even make a mistake, there will be no danger. here the reduction of operation process and the set of me

31、ssage for safe operation is an effective way to ensure the safety of the seniors with toys.(2)moderate difficultthe design of toys for the old should be of moderate difficulty, and the purpose is to arouse their interest in playing. if too simple, it would not enhance the interest of the seniors and

32、 thus would not achieve the aim of exercising the brain; if too difficult, it would be strenuous for them to learn, and consequently cause a sense of failure which is not conducive to their mental health.(3)easy to identifythe toy should have a familiar form and an understandable functional theory for the old. it should also be equipped with an interface in keeping with the experience and habits of the seniors. besides, the toys that need interface design, should take into account the graphic symbols, size, color, clarity of sound, light intensity.(4)facil