建筑类英语词汇大全.docx

1、建筑类英语词汇大全岩土專業英漢詞匯GEO REPORT No. 148Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Geotechnical Division of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, and Geotechnical Engineering Office

2、GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING OFFICECIVIL ENGINEERING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT THE GOVERNMENT OF THE HONG KONG SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE REGION岩土專業英漢詞匯GEO REPORT No. 148Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd, Department of Civil and Structural Engineering of The Hong

3、Kong Polytechnic University,Geotechnical Division of The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, and Geotechnical Engineering Office The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionFirst published, July 2004Prepared by:Geotechnical Engineering Office,Civil Engineering and Development Depart

4、ment, Civil Engineering and Development Building,101 Princess Margaret Road, Homantin, Kowloon,Hong Kong.PREFACEIn keeping with our policy of releasing information which may be of general interest to the geotechnical profession and the public, we make available selected internal reports in a series

5、of publications termed the GEO Report series. The GEO Reports can be downloaded from the website of the Civil Engineering and Development Department (http:/www.cedd.gov.hk) on the Internet. Printed copies are also available for some GEO Reports. For printed copies, a charge is made to cover the cost

6、 of printing.The Geotechnical Engineering Office also produces documents specifically for publication. These include guidance documents and results of comprehensive reviews. These publications and the printed GEO Reports may be obtained from the Governments Information Services Department. Informati

7、on on how to purchase these documents is given on the last page of this report.R.K.S. ChanHead, Geotechnical Engineering OfficeJuly 2004FOREWORDUse of Chinese in oral and written communication on geotechnical and related subjects is getting common in Hong Kong. This Glossary contains a comprehensive

8、 collection of the Chinese translations of about 6,500 terms frequently met by geotechnical professionals in Hong Kong in their work. In some cases, a geotechnical term may be translated into Chinese in more than one way due to different local usage, language style, or personal preference. The diffe

9、rent translations are listed in the Glossary for reference by readers.The Glossary was jointly produced by the Association of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (Hong Kong) Ltd., the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the Geotechnical D

10、ivision of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, and the Geotechnical Engineering Office of the Civil Engineering and Development Department. A Steering Group, comprising Dr C.K. Lau, Dr Victor K.S. Li, Dr David X.C. Li, Mr H.N. Wong and Professor J.H. Yin, oversaw the compilation of the Glossary.

11、 Professor John Wang prepared a glossary for terms used in Geotechnical Manual for Slopes; these terms have also been incorporated in this Glossary. Mr Philip W.K. Chung and Mr Jerry L. P. Ho assisted in the final phase of compilation of the Glossary. Many other geotechnical professionals in Hong Ko

12、ng and elsewhere have provided invaluable advice, suggestions and assistance.We hope that the Glossary will facilitate the use of Chinese in the geotechnical profession and help standardize the Chinese translation of the commonly used geotechnical terms in Hong Kong. Comments and suggestions for imp

13、rovement to this Glossary are most welcome. These should be addressed to Chief Geotechnical Engineer/Planning Division of Geotechnical Engineering Office, 11/F, Civil Engineering and Development Building, 101Princess Margaret Road, Homantin, Kowloon. A proforma to facilitate provision of feedback is

14、 given at the end of this report.Y.C. ChanDeputy Head, Geotechnical Engineering Office(Planning and Standards)EXPLANATORY NOTES1. The Glossary provides the Chinese equivalent of about 6,500 geotechnical terms inEnglish which are listed bilingually in alphabetical order.2. For an English term which c

15、an be translated into two or more Chinese terms with similar meanings, the Chinese translations are separated by a coma, e.g.bulking 體脹，脹大3. For an English term which can be translated into two or more Chinese terms of different meanings, the Chinese translations are separated by semicolons, e.g.fil

16、l 填方，填土；填料；填塞4. For an English term which can be translated into a Chinese term with different Chinese characters, the alternative Chinese characters are placed in square brackets, e.g.oscillograph 示波儀器5. For a term where there are optional words that elaborate on the term, the optional words are pl

17、aced in brackets, e.g.meteoric water 大氣(降)水6. Words that define the context in which a term is used are placed in parentheses before the Chinese translation, e.g.pinhole test (分散性土) 針孔試驗使 用 說 明1. 本岩土專業英漢詞匯總共收納了六千五百多條岩土專業術語和詞匯，這些術 語和詞匯按英文字母順序編排。2. 若英文詞語有兩個或以上含意相近的中文翻譯，這些中文翻譯之間用逗號隔開。 例如：bulking 體脹，脹大3

18、. 若英文詞語有兩個或以上的中文翻譯，不同含意的中文翻譯之間用分號隔開。 例如：fill 填方，填土；填料；填塞4. 若英文詞語可譯成不同的中文字，可替代的字放入方括號內。例如：oscillograph 示波儀器5. 若詞語於上文下理提示不足時，可能顯得過於省略不易明白，可加入括號內之文 字。例如：meteoric water 大氣(降)水6. 在一些不常用的詞語前，應用該詞語的範圍和領域標明在中文翻譯前邊的圓括號 內。例如：pinhole test (分散性土) 針孔試驗Aabrasion action 磨蝕作用 abrasives 研磨料；研磨物 absolute age 絕對年齡 abs

19、orbed layer 吸附層 absorbed water 吸(附)水 absorption limit 吸附界限 absorption loss 吸附損失abutment 橋台；壩肩；墩栓；支座abutment wall 橋台翼牆abysmal deposit 深海沉積Accelerated Landslip Preventive Measures Project加速防止山泥傾瀉計劃acceptable wave condition 容許波浪條件acceptance of tender 採納投標書accident investigation 意外調查，事故調查accident loadin

20、g condition 意外荷載條件accident report 意外事件故報告accident statistics 意外事故統計(數字)accredited private laboratory 認可私營實驗所accumulated deformation 累積變形accuracy 準確度；精度acidic corrosion 酸性侵腐蝕acidic igneous rock 酸性火成岩acidity and alkalinity test 酸鹼度試驗acidity test 酸度試驗acid-pickling 酸洗；酸浸Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler

21、, ADCP 聲波多普勒水流測剖機儀acoustic emission monitoring 聲輻射監測acoustic exploration 聲波勘探acoustic frequency geo-electric field method 聲頻大地電場法acoustic piezometer 聲輻射測壓計acoustic prospecting 聲波勘探acquisition (土地) 收購；徵用acrylamide grouting 丙凝灌漿active clay 活性黏土active earth pressure, pa 主動土壓力active fault 活斷層；活動斷裂active

22、 intensity forecasting 活動烈度預測active isolation 積極隔振離active mitigation strategies 主動緩解策略active period 活動期，活躍期active pile 主動樁active stabilizer 活性加固劑active state 主動狀態active state of plastic equilibrium 主動塑性平衡狀態active water (有侵蝕性)活性水active zone 活動層，膨脹土層activity 活性activity index, A 活性指數additional stress 附

23、加應力additive constant 加常數adhesion 黏著力；黏著作用；內聚力adhesive 膠黏劑，黏結劑adjusted value 平差值，調整值adjustment 調整；調節；調校；(測量) 平差adjustment item 調整項目administrative procedure 行政程序Admiralty Chart 海軍圖表，航海圖admissible load 容許荷載admixture 攙和劑，混合物，攙合物advance works 前期工程adverse geological condition 不良地質情況條件Advisory Council on t

24、he Environment 環境諮詢委員會Advisory Letter (on slope maintenance) (斜坡維修)勸喻信aeolian soil 風積土aeration zone 通氣帶aeration zone water 通氣帶水aerated water 飽氣水aerial camera/air camera 航空攝影機；空中攝影機aerial mapping 航空填圖航空測繪aerial photogrammetry 航空攝影測量學，空中攝影測量學aerial photograph interpretation, API 航空照片判釋解譯aerial photogr

25、aph (vertical or oblique) (垂直或傾斜)航空照片，航攝照片aerial photographic survey 航空攝影測量aerial survey/air survey 航空測量，空中測量aerobe 需氧菌，喜氧菌；需氧生物age-dating (of rock) (岩石) 測年，測定年代ageing 老化agglomerate 集塊岩aggregate (土壤) 團粒；(混凝土) 骨料aggregate abrasion value 石料耐磨值aggregate impact value 石料衝擊強度值agitator 攪拌器A-horizon A層；淋溶層A

26、IEG (Association of International EngineeringGeology) 國際工程地質學會air compressor 空氣壓縮機air content, ac 含氣率air jet 噴射氣流；噴嘴air permeability 透氣性率air permeability test 透氣性率試驗air space ratio, Ga 排水氣隙比air test 氣密試驗air void ratio, Gv 氣隙比air voids (of a soil) (土的)氣隙，(土的)空氣孔隙air-curtain method 氣幕法air-dried soil 風

27、乾土air-lift equipment 壓縮空氣揚水泵air-lock 氣閘Airport Core Programme, ACP 機場核心計劃air-water 氣水面alert criteria 警戒准則alert level 預警水平alignment (pipe alignment) (管線)定線；線向；路線alignment survey 定線測量A-line (塑性圖) A線all round pressure 周圍壓應力allocation condition 批地條款；分配條件；分配規定allocation plan 批地圖allowable amplitude 容許振幅al

28、lowable bearing capacity 容許承載能力allowable bearing pressure 容許承載力allowable bearing value 容許承載值allowable deformation 容許變形allowable error 容許誤差allowable load 容許荷載allowable movement 容許位移allowable pile bearing load 單樁容許荷載allowable settlement 容許沉降量allowable soil pressure 容許土壓力allowable vibration acceleratio

29、n 容許振動加速度allowance for corrosion loss 預留銹蝕量alluvial (clay, silt, sand) 沖積(黏土、粉土、砂)alluvial plain 沖積平原alluvial soil 沖積土alluvial terrace 沖積階地alluvium 沖積物；沖積層all-weather 全天候alternating load 交變荷載alternating strain 交變應變alternating stress 交變應力alternation 更改；改建；後補；替代alternative design 替代設計altimeter 測高儀alti

30、tude 高程，海拔aluminum octahedron 鋁八面體ambient pressure 環境壓應力ambient temperature 環境介質溫度amendment 修正；改正Amenity (城市規劃) 環境美化帶區amenity area 美化市容地帶；市容地帶American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Standard 美 國公路及交通正式標準協會American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards

31、 美國試驗及材料學會標準amplification factor 放大因數amplitude magnification factor 振幅放大因數amplitude of vibration 振幅amplitude ratio 振幅比anaerobe 厭氧菌；厭氧生物anaerobic sulphate-reducing bacteria 厭氧抗硫酸鹽細菌anchor (in slope works) (邊坡工程) 錨杆，錨；錨杆支撐anchor block 錨塊anchor bolt 錨栓，螺栓anchor cable 錨索anchor pile 錨樁anchor plate 錨板anchor rod 錨杆anchor wall 錨定固牆anchorage 錨定固作用；地錨anchorage area 錨地；碇泊區anchorage force 錨固力anchorage