建筑类英语词汇大全.docx
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建筑类英语词汇大全
岩土專業英漢詞匯
GEOREPORTNo.148
AssociationofGeotechnicalandGeoenvironmentalSpecialists(HongKong)Ltd,DepartmentofCivilandStructuralEngineeringofTheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity,
GeotechnicalDivisionofTheHongKongInstitutionofEngineers,andGeotechnicalEngineeringOffice
GEOTECHNICALENGINEERINGOFFICE
CIVILENGINEERINGANDDEVELOPMENTDEPARTMENTTHEGOVERNMENTOFTHEHONGKONGSPECIALADMINISTRATIVEREGION
岩土專業英漢詞匯
GEOREPORTNo.148
AssociationofGeotechnicalandGeoenvironmentalSpecialists(HongKong)Ltd,DepartmentofCivilandStructuralEngineeringofTheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity,
GeotechnicalDivisionofTheHongKongInstitutionofEngineers,andGeotechnicalEngineeringOffice
©TheGovernmentoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion
Firstpublished,July2004
Preparedby:
GeotechnicalEngineeringOffice,
CivilEngineeringandDevelopmentDepartment,CivilEngineeringandDevelopmentBuilding,
101PrincessMargaretRoad,Homantin,Kowloon,
HongKong.
PREFACE
Inkeepingwithourpolicyofreleasinginformationwhichmaybeofgeneralinteresttothegeotechnicalprofessionandthepublic,wemakeavailableselectedinternalreportsinaseriesofpublicationstermedtheGEOReportseries.TheGEOReportscanbedownloadedfromthewebsiteoftheCivilEngineeringandDevelopmentDepartment(http:
//www.cedd.gov.hk)ontheInternet.PrintedcopiesarealsoavailableforsomeGEOReports.Forprintedcopies,achargeismadetocoverthecostofprinting.
TheGeotechnicalEngineeringOfficealsoproducesdocumentsspecificallyforpublication.Theseincludeguidancedocumentsandresultsofcomprehensivereviews.ThesepublicationsandtheprintedGEOReportsmaybeobtainedfromtheGovernment’sInformationServicesDepartment.Informationonhowtopurchasethesedocumentsisgivenonthelastpageofthisreport.
R.K.S.Chan
Head,GeotechnicalEngineeringOffice
July2004
FOREWORD
UseofChineseinoralandwrittencommunicationongeotechnicalandrelatedsubjectsisgettingcommoninHongKong.ThisGlossarycontainsacomprehensivecollectionoftheChinesetranslationsofabout6,500termsfrequentlymetbygeotechnicalprofessionalsinHongKongintheirwork.Insomecases,ageotechnicaltermmaybetranslatedintoChineseinmorethanonewayduetodifferentlocalusage,languagestyle,orpersonalpreference.ThedifferenttranslationsarelistedintheGlossaryforreferencebyreaders.
TheGlossarywasjointlyproducedbytheAssociationofGeotechnicalandGeoenvironmentalSpecialists(HongKong)Ltd.,theDepartmentofCivilandStructuralEngineeringoftheHongKongPolytechnicUniversity,theGeotechnicalDivisionoftheHongKongInstitutionofEngineers,andtheGeotechnicalEngineeringOfficeoftheCivilEngineeringandDevelopmentDepartment.ASteeringGroup,comprisingDrC.K.Lau,DrVictorK.S.Li,DrDavidX.C.Li,MrH.N.WongandProfessorJ.H.Yin,oversawthecompilationoftheGlossary.ProfessorJohnWangpreparedaglossaryfortermsusedinGeotechnicalManualforSlopes;thesetermshavealsobeenincorporatedinthisGlossary.MrPhilipW.K.ChungandMrJerryL.P.HoassistedinthefinalphaseofcompilationoftheGlossary.ManyothergeotechnicalprofessionalsinHongKongandelsewherehaveprovidedinvaluableadvice,suggestionsandassistance.
WehopethattheGlossarywillfacilitatetheuseofChineseinthegeotechnicalprofessionandhelpstandardizetheChinesetranslationofthecommonlyusedgeotechnicaltermsinHongKong.CommentsandsuggestionsforimprovementtothisGlossaryaremostwelcome.TheseshouldbeaddressedtoChiefGeotechnicalEngineer/PlanningDivisionofGeotechnicalEngineeringOffice,11/F,CivilEngineeringandDevelopmentBuilding,101
PrincessMargaretRoad,Homantin,Kowloon.Aproformatofacilitateprovisionoffeedbackisgivenattheendofthisreport.
Y.C.Chan
DeputyHead,GeotechnicalEngineeringOffice
(PlanningandStandards)
EXPLANATORYNOTES
1.TheGlossaryprovidestheChineseequivalentofabout6,500geotechnicaltermsin
Englishwhicharelistedbilinguallyinalphabeticalorder.
2.ForanEnglishtermwhichcanbetranslatedintotwoormoreChinesetermswithsimilarmeanings,theChinesetranslationsareseparatedbyacoma,e.g.
bulking體脹,脹大
3.ForanEnglishtermwhichcanbetranslatedintotwoormoreChinesetermsofdifferentmeanings,theChinesetranslationsareseparatedbysemicolons,e.g.
fill填方,填土;填料;填塞
4.ForanEnglishtermwhichcanbetranslatedintoaChinesetermwithdifferentChinesecharacters,thealternativeChinesecharactersareplacedinsquarebrackets,e.g.
oscillograph示波儀[器]
5.Foratermwherethereareoptionalwordsthatelaborateontheterm,theoptionalwordsareplacedinbrackets,e.g.
meteoricwater大氣(降)水
6.WordsthatdefinethecontextinwhichatermisusedareplacedinparenthesesbeforetheChinesetranslation,e.g.
pinholetest(分散性土)針孔試驗
使用說明
1.本「岩土專業英漢詞匯」總共收納了六千五百多條岩土專業術語和詞匯,這些術語和詞匯按英文字母順序編排。
2.若英文詞語有兩個或以上含意相近的中文翻譯,這些中文翻譯之間用逗號隔開。
例如:
bulking體脹,脹大
3.若英文詞語有兩個或以上的中文翻譯,不同含意的中文翻譯之間用分號隔開。
例如:
fill填方,填土;填料;填塞
4.若英文詞語可譯成不同的中文字,可替代的字放入方括號內。
例如:
oscillograph示波儀[器]
5.若詞語於上文下理提示不足時,可能顯得過於省略不易明白,可加入括號內之文字。
例如:
meteoricwater大氣(降)水
6.在一些不常用的詞語前,應用該詞語的範圍和領域標明在中文翻譯前邊的圓括號內。
例如:
pinholetest(分散性土)針孔試驗
A
abrasionaction磨蝕作用abrasives研磨料;研磨物absoluteage絕對年齡absorbedlayer吸附層absorbedwater吸(附)水absorptionlimit吸附界限absorptionloss吸附損失
abutment橋台;壩肩;墩栓;支座
abutmentwall橋台翼牆
abysmaldeposit深海沉積
AcceleratedLandslipPreventiveMeasuresProject
加速防止山泥傾瀉計劃
acceptablewavecondition容許波浪條件
acceptanceoftender採納投標書
accidentinvestigation意外調查,事故調查
accidentloadingcondition意外荷載條件
accidentreport意外事件[故]報告
accidentstatistics意外[事故]統計(數字)
accreditedprivatelaboratory認可私營實驗所
accumulateddeformation累積變形
accuracy準確度;精度
acidiccorrosion酸性侵[腐]蝕
acidicigneousrock酸性火成岩
acidityandalkalinitytest酸鹼度試驗
aciditytest酸度試驗
acid-pickling酸洗;酸浸
AcousticDopplerCurrentProfiler,ADCP聲波多普
勒水流測剖機[儀]
acousticemissionmonitoring聲輻射監測
acousticexploration聲波勘探
acousticfrequencygeo-electricfieldmethod聲頻大
地電場法
acousticpiezometer聲輻射測壓計
acousticprospecting聲波勘探
acquisition(土地)收購;徵用
acrylamidegrouting丙凝灌漿
activeclay活性黏土
activeearthpressure,pa主動土壓力
activefault活斷層;活動斷裂
activeintensityforecasting活動烈度預測
activeisolation積極隔振[離]
activemitigationstrategies主動緩解策略
activeperiod活動期,活躍期
activepile主動樁
activestabilizer活性加固劑
activestate主動狀態
activestateofplasticequilibrium主動塑性平衡狀
態
activewater(有侵蝕性)活性水
activezone活動層,膨脹土層
activity活性
activityindex,A活性指數
additionalstress附加應力
additiveconstant加常數
adhesion黏著力;黏著作用;內聚力
adhesive膠黏劑,黏結劑
adjustedvalue平差值,調整值
adjustment調整;調節;調校;(測量)平差
adjustmentitem調整項目
administrativeprocedure行政程序
AdmiraltyChart海軍圖表,航海圖
admissibleload容許荷載
admixture攙和劑,混合物,攙合物
advanceworks前期工程
adversegeologicalcondition不良地質情況[條件]
AdvisoryCouncilontheEnvironment環境諮詢委
員會
AdvisoryLetter(onslopemaintenance)(斜坡維修)
勸喻信
aeoliansoil風積土
aerationzone通氣帶
aerationzonewater通氣帶水
aeratedwater飽氣水
aerialcamera/aircamera航空攝影機;空中攝影機
aerialmapping航空填圖航空測繪
aerialphotogrammetry航空攝影測量學,空中攝影
測量學
aerialphotographinterpretation,API航空照片判釋
[解譯]
aerialphotograph(verticaloroblique)(垂直或傾斜)
航空照片,航攝照片
aerialphotographicsurvey航空攝影測量
aerialsurvey/airsurvey航空測量,空中測量
aerobe需氧菌,喜氧菌;需氧生物
age-dating(ofrock)(岩石)測年,測定年代
ageing老化
agglomerate集塊岩
aggregate(土壤)團粒;(混凝土)骨料
aggregateabrasionvalue石料耐磨值
aggregateimpactvalue石料衝擊強度值
agitator攪拌器
A-horizonA層;淋溶層
AIEG(AssociationofInternationalEngineering
Geology)國際工程地質學會
aircompressor空氣壓縮機
aircontent,ac含氣率
airjet噴射氣流;噴嘴
airpermeability透氣性[率]
airpermeabilitytest透氣性[率]試驗
airspaceratio,Ga排水氣隙比
airtest氣密試驗
airvoidratio,Gv氣隙比
airvoids(ofasoil)(土的)氣隙,(土的)空氣孔隙
air-curtainmethod氣幕法
air-driedsoil風乾土
air-liftequipment壓縮空氣揚水泵
air-lock氣閘
AirportCoreProgramme,ACP機場核心計劃
air-water氣水面
alertcriteria警戒准則
alertlevel預警水平
alignment(pipealignment)(管線)定線;線向;路線
alignmentsurvey定線測量
A-line(塑性圖)A線
allroundpressure周圍壓[應]力
allocationcondition批地條款;分配條件;分配規
定
allocationplan批地圖
allowableamplitude容許振幅
allowablebearingcapacity容許承載能力
allowablebearingpressure容許承載力
allowablebearingvalue容許承載值
allowabledeformation容許變形
allowableerror容許誤差
allowableload容許荷載
allowablemovement容許位移
allowablepilebearingload單樁容許荷載
allowablesettlement容許沉降量
allowablesoilpressure容許土壓力
allowablevibrationacceleration容許振動加速度
allowanceforcorrosionloss預留銹蝕量
alluvial(clay,silt,sand)沖積(黏土、粉土、砂)
alluvialplain沖積平原
alluvialsoil沖積土
alluvialterrace沖積階地
alluvium沖積物;沖積層
all-weather全天候
alternatingload交變荷載
alternatingstrain交變應變
alternatingstress交變應力
alternation更改;改建;後補;替代
alternativedesign替代設計
altimeter測高儀
altitude高程,海拔
aluminumoctahedron鋁八面體
ambientpressure環境壓[應]力
ambienttemperature環境[介質]溫度
amendment修正;改正
Amenity(城市規劃)環境美化帶[區]
amenityarea美化市容地帶;市容地帶
AmericanAssociationofStateHighwayandTransportationOfficials(AASHTO)Standard美國公路及交通正式標準協會
AmericanSocietyforTestingandMaterials(ASTM)Standards美國試驗及材料學會標準
amplificationfactor放大因數
amplitudemagnificationfactor振幅放大因數
amplitudeofvibration振幅
amplituderatio振幅比
anaerobe厭氧菌;厭氧生物
anaerobicsulphate-reducingbacteria厭氧抗硫酸鹽
細菌
anchor(inslopeworks)(邊坡工程)錨杆,錨;錨杆
支撐
anchorblock錨塊
anchorbolt錨栓,螺栓
anchorcable錨索
anchorpile錨樁
anchorplate錨板
anchorrod錨杆
anchorwall錨定[固]牆
anchorage錨定[固]作用;地錨
anchoragearea錨地;碇泊區
anchorageforce錨固力
anchorage