1、小升初疑问句小学英语基本语法与练习 简单句 知识要点 根据句子的结构,英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句的基本形式是由一个主语加一个谓语构成。其它各种句子形式都是由此句型发展而来。 1)简单句的五种基本句型 1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) S + V 如:The children are playing happily. 2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 S+V+O 如:The Greens enjoy living in China. 3. 主语+谓语+表语 S+V+P 该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有:be(是); get(变得), become(成为), turn(
2、变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等The apple pie tastes really delicious. 4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+InO+DO 这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,但要加介词for或to。如: My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. I passed him the salt. = I p
3、assed the salt to him. 5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+O+OC We must keep our school clean. 练习: 用五个英语的基本句型各造3个英语句子 1.S + V _ 2. S+V+O _ 3.S+V+P _ 4.S+V+InO+DO _ 5.S+V+O+OC _ 2)一般疑问句 (is, am, was, 动词be其结构为:回答。no或yes用一般疑问句对全句提出疑问, were)或情态动词(can, will, shall)或助动词(do, does, did)+主语+其他?通常译为.吗?如:Are you a student?
4、Can you sing an English song? Did they watch TV last night? 练习: I. 将下列句子改为一般疑问句。1-4句作肯定回答,5-7句作否定回答。 1. My sister is older than Mary. _ 2. They like collecting leaves. _ 3. Mr Green was here yesterday. _ 4. We took lots of pictures last week. _ 5. Jim does well in English. _ 6. She can sing and danc
5、e. _ 7. There are some sheep on the hill. _ II根据所给答语,选择相应的问句。 ( )1.Yes, I do. A. Is it time to have a lesson? ( )2. No, you cant. B. Do you often go to the supermarket ? ( )3. No, she isnt. C. Are their friends from different countries? ( )4. Yes, they are. D. Is Nancy a Japanese girl? ( )5. No, its
6、 time to have a rest. E. Can I play the piano now? ( )6. No, he didnt. F. Did Sam run faster than Tom three years ago? III. 根据实际情况回答问题。 1. Are you a student? _ 2. Is your mum a nurse? _ 3. Do you like English? _ 4. Are there any Japanese students in your school? _ 5. Would you like some apples? _ 知识
7、要点 3)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导,针对句子中的某一个具体部分提问,要求作具体回答。特殊疑问句的结构一般是:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句语序?我们所用的对划线部分提问的题目就是将陈述句转变为特殊疑问句。 练习: 对下列句中画线部分内容提问。 1. Her uncle is John. _. 2. Her uncles name is John. _. 3. They go to school at about 7:00 every morning. _. 4. My father is a driver. _. 5. They are going to fly kites in the
8、 park. _. 6. Its about four kilometers away from here. _. 7. My father is cleaning the car. _. 8. The woman in the car is my aunt. _. 感叹句 感叹句是用来表达较为强烈的情感如惊讶、喜悦等的句子。英语中的感叹句常用What或How来引导,它们与所修饰的词位于句首,其他部分用陈述句语序,如: What a cold, snowy day! How interesting! 那么,What与How怎么来引导感叹句呢?下面我们逐个分析。 What: 我们早在“What
9、is your name?”问句中就认识what了。当然,what除了引导的感叹句是用来强调修what可以引导疑问句之外,还可以引导感叹句。由饰名词的,名词前可有其他的定语成分(即形容词或冠词)。单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a / an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。在使用过程中,常用的句型有: 1What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分! 例如: What a strong boy he is! 他是多么壮的一个小伙子啊! What an honest girl Mary is! 玛丽是一个多么诚实的小女孩啊! 2What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可
10、数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分! 例如: What brave soldiers they are! 这些士兵们真勇敢啊! What fine weather it is today! 今天的天气真不错啊! How: 同样在学“How are you”的时候我们就已经学过how了,它既可以引导疑问句,当“怎么样”讲,还可以引导感叹句!不过,与what不同的是,how引导的感叹句是用来强调修饰形容词或副词的。修饰形容词时,句中的谓语动词用系动词,如am, is等;修饰副词时,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,如fly, run等。在使用过程中,常用的句型有: 1How + adj.+ a / an +名
11、词+主语+谓语+其他成分! 例如: How exciting a football match it is! 多么振奋人心的一场球赛啊! How kind an old man he is! 他是一位多么善良的老人啊! 2How + adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语+其他成分! 例如: How tall Yao Ming is! 姚明真高啊! How fast the dragonfly flies! 蜻蜓飞得真快啊! 感叹句操练场 一 操练第一式:用What或How来补全以下的感叹句。 1. _ a pretty girl she is! 2. _ quickly the boy is ru
12、nning! 3. _ kind teachers they are! 4. _ clever the baby is! 5. _ I miss my hometown (家乡)! 二 操练第二式:从所给的四个选项中选出正确的填空。 What What a What an How 1. _ happy I am! 2. _ sad child he is! 3. _ hot water it is! 4. _ hard they study! 5. _ able (能干的) young man he is! 三 操练第三式:按要求对下列句子进行句型转换。 1. He listened to h
13、is teacher carefully. (该为感叹句) _ _ he listened to his teacher! 2. What a clever monkey it is! (该为同义句) _ _ a monkey it is! 3. The food is very nice. (该为感叹句) _ _ food it is! 4. How sadly they are crying! (该为陈述句) They _ _ _. 5. The Christmas tree is beautiful. (该为感叹句) _ _ the Christmas tree is! 四 操练第四式:
14、单项选择 1. _ girl she is! A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright 2. _ weather we have today! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine 3. _ careless he is! A. What B. How C. So much D. How much 4. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is i
15、t C. How long way is it D. What a long way it is 5. Oh, John, _ you gave us! A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 6. _ useful work they have done! A. What B. How C. What a D. What an .祈使句 一 祈使句概述 祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子。祈使句习惯上常常省略主
16、语,句末用感叹句或问句,朗读时一般用降调。根据用途和功能,祈使句可以分为下面几类: (1)表示请求 (2)表示命令 (3)表示提醒、劝告或警告 (4)表示禁止 (5)表示建议 (6) 表示邀请 上课时常会听到这样的句子: (1) Please stand up! (2) Sit down,please ! (3). Look at the blackboard! (4) Nont speak loudly! (5)Listen to me carefully! (6)Stop talking .这些都为祈使句。 二祈使句的形式 1. 祈使句的肯定式 在祈使句的肯定式中,谓语动词要用原形。如:
17、Look at the blackboard ! 2. 祈使句的否定式 在祈使句的否定式中,谓语用“dont / never+动词原形”的形式。如:Dont worry. Never mind! 3. 祈使句的let式 以let引导的祈使句,常用于第一人称和第三人称,表示建议。这类祈使句的形式是“let + 人称代词(宾格)+ 动词原形”。如:Let me see. 4. 祈使句的强调式 在祈使句中的强调式中,动词原形加do.表示强调。如:Do study hard at school. 5.不含动词的祈使句 不含动词的祈使句是祈使句的特殊形式,这种祈使句只由一个单词、词组或短语No smok
18、ing. )2((1) Quick ! 组成。如:随堂练习: 1.给下列标志选择恰当的英文标志语。 A.No parking B.No smoking C.No fishing D. No drinking E. No photos F. No swimming 2.下列句子,是祈使句的在括号内填上“Y”,否则填“N”。 (1). Look out! ) ( glasses. (2). Be careful with the ) ( (3). How nice ! ) ( (4). Happy New Year ! ) ( (5). Thank goodness ! ) ( to Lets (
19、6). go the seaside. ) ( (7). Goodbye, John! ) ( (8). What a terrible day ! ) ( (9). Go down his street and turn right. ) ( (10). Wash your hands before the meal. ( ) 三将下列祈使句变为否定句。 1. Give me some apples. _. 2. Lets clean the classroom. _. . 3. Please watch TV_. 将下列句子改成祈使句。. 四 1. You must not look ou
20、t of the window. _ _ _ _ the window. 2. You may let the children play the piano. _ _ _play the piano. 3. You must be polite to the elder. _ _ _ _ _. 4. You shouldnt drive too fast. _ _ _ _. There be 结构 一There be 结构概述 There 被结构又叫存在句,它是英语中一种常见的句型结构,表示“在某地存在某物(某人)或在某事发生的事”。这一结构以引导词 there开始,后常接动词be的各种形式
21、,然后才是主语,主语之后常有表示时间和地点的状语。这种结构中的there本身无词义,其后的动词be具有“存在”的;意思,可用于各种一般时态和完成时态。 注意:there be 结构表示“存在的有.”,即某处有某物(某人);have表示“某人拥有某物”,即所属关系。 二There be机构的形成 1. There be结构的肯定式 There be 结构的肯定式表示“在某地存在某物(某人)或在某时发生某事”,它主要有以下两种结构形式: (1)“there is + 可数名词单数/ 不可数名词+地点/时间状语”。如: There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。 Th
22、ere is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有些水 (2). There are +可数名词复数+地点/时间状语。 如: There are some flowers in the vase. 花瓶里有一些花 2. There be结构的否定式 There be 结构的否定式是在谓语动词后加“not (any)”或“no”,表示“没有”之意。如:There are not any/ no flowers in the vase. (花瓶里没有花) 3. There be 结构的疑问式 There be 结构变成疑问式时,要把be动词提前,构成“Be there +.
23、”的形式。陈述句中,如果some,在疑问句中要用any。 (1). 一般疑问句只需要be动词提到there 前。如: Is there a computer in your room? Yes, there is. / No, there isnt. (2). 特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”构成,如: How many trees are there in your garden ? 注意:在实际使用中,应该对以下几个方面: 1. There be结构可用于一般时态和完成时态,因而此结构中be 动词会有不同的的形式 2. 当 there be 结构的主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,be动
24、词要与离它最近的名词保持一致 随堂练习: 一选词填空.(可以重复使用) Is there There wer There was There is There are Are there _ not any pandas in the forest. 1.2. _something interesting in the book? 3. _an orange on the tree. 4. _a meeting yesterday. 5. Excuse me,_ a bathroom near here? 6. Tom,_any apple trees in the garden? 7. _ 200 people present (出席)at the meeting last Friday. 8. -_any coffee in the cup? -Yes, _. 9. -_any trees in the picture? -No, _. 10. _ some money in my pocket. 二选择填空 1. _ an expensive ring in the box.
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