孕期过多补充维生素D导致宝宝食物过敏.docx

1、孕期过多补充维生素D导致宝宝食物过敏怀孕期间为保证胎儿的身体健康，孕妈妈们会补充各种营养，但也不宜补充过度。最近一项研究表明，孕期补充过多维生素D可能会增加新生儿食物过敏的几率。由德国马丁路德大学以及Helmholtz环境研究中心进行的一项最新调查表明，孕妇应该尽可能少服用维生素D营养品，因为这可能会增加新生儿食物过敏的几率。维生素D对人体健康有着重大作用，它可以强化骨骼，预防冬季感染，辅助神经肌肉系统，尤其是对预防和治疗儿童佝偻病更是效果明显。但是，最近的科学调查对这种“骨骼维生素”产生了众多质疑。早在上世纪90年代末，人们就开始注意到了体内维生素D含量过高与过敏有密切联系。为了弄清这个问题

2、，莱比锡Helmholtz环境研究中心的Kristin Weie博士与哈雷-维滕贝格马丁路德大学农业与营养科学研究所教授Gabriele Stangl的研究团队共同进行了研究，他们希望证实孕妇血液中的维生素D浓度与胎儿脐带血中的维生素D浓度存在相关性。莱比锡Helmholtz环境研究中心的研究人员还希望进一步对怀孕以及分娩时期维生素D含量的关系，以及免疫状况与儿童之后的过敏性疾病的关系做研究。所有的这些，都是希望证实孕妇体内维生素D的水平是否会导致孩子过敏。Kristin Weie博士的团队进行试验的样本来自于LiNA群体队列，这是一个由莱比锡Helmholtz环境研究中心与St. Georg

3、 市政诊所共同收集的2006-2008年的队列数据。“生活方式以及环境因素对新生儿过敏风险的影响”的长期研究中，总计使用了622位母亲以及她们的629个孩子的数据。研究人员对孕妇血液维生素D的含量以及婴儿脐带血维生素D的含量都进行了测量，此外，研究人员还对这些孩子2岁之内发生的食物过敏情况进行了调查评估。结果显示，那些血液中维生素D含量较低的孕妇，她们的孩子在2岁内发生食物过敏的情况明显要少很多。反过来，这也说明孕妇血液中维生素D含量过高与孩子食物过敏发生率的升高有关联。而且，研究人员同时发现由于容易对蛋白、牛奶、面粉、花生以及黄豆等食物过敏，那些孩子体内免疫球蛋白E的含量也会升高。此外，莱比

4、锡Helmholtz环境研究中心科学家还发现了维生素D与食物过敏之间的机理。来自莱比锡Helmholtz环境研究中心环境免疫部门的Gunda Herberth博士还深入观察了儿童的过敏反应，并分析了脐带血中的调节性T细胞。这种细胞可以防止过敏反应的发生。莱比锡Helmholtz环境研究中心的研究人员从之前的分析中得知，那些脐带血中调节性T细胞不足的孩子更容易出现过敏。有趣的是，血液中维生素D含量越高，体内调节性T细胞越少，这种关系意味着维生素D会抑制调节性T细胞的生成，最终导致过敏的出现。除了饮食以外，体内维生素D含量还会受到其它因素的影响，例如季节、日照时间等。这些因素也应该被纳入到维生素D

5、与食物过敏的风险分析中。莱比锡Helmholtz环境研究中心的研究人员建议孕妇尽量少服用维生素D营养品，他们说：“基于我们的研究，体内维生素D含量过高确实会增加孩子在2岁前发生过敏情况的几率。”Fish intake during pregnancy and the risk of child asthma and allergic rhinitis longitudinal evidence from the Danish National Birth CohortEkaterina Maslova, Marin Strm, Emily Oken, Hannia Campos, Christ

6、oph Lange, Diane Gold and Sjurdur F. OlsenBritish Journal of Nutrition, 2013, 1 British Journal of Nutrition / FirstView Article pp 1-13 Copyright The Authors 2013 DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0*1300038X (About DOI), Published online: 08 March 2013AbstractMaternal fish intake during pregnancy may

7、influence the risk of child asthma and allergic rhinitis, yet evidence is conflicting on its association with these outcomes. We examined the associations of maternal fish intake during pregnancy with child asthma and allergic rhinitis. Mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort (n 28 936) reported

8、 their fish intake at 12 and 30 weeks of gestation. Using multivariate logistic regression, we examined the associations of fish intake with child wheeze, asthma and rhinitis assessed at several time points: ever wheeze, recurrent wheeze (3 episodes), ever asthma and allergic rhinitis, and current a

9、sthma, assessed at 18 months (napproximately 22 000) and 7 years (n approximately 17 000) using self-report and registry data on hospitalisations and prescribed medications. Compared with consistently high fish intake during pregnancy (fish as a sandwich or hot meal 23 times/week), never eating fish

10、 was associated with a higher risk of child asthma diagnosis at 18 months (OR 130, 95 % CI 105, 163, P= 002), and ever asthma by hospitalisation (OR 146, 95 % CI 099, 213, P= 005) and medication prescription (OR 137, 95 % CI 110, 171, P= 001). A doseresponse was present for asthma at 18 months only

11、(P for trend = 0001). We found no associations with wheeze or recurrent wheeze at 18 months or with allergic rhinitis. The results suggest that high (v. no) maternal fish intake during pregnancy is protective against both early and ever asthma in 7-year-old children.母亲孕期(Received July 25 2012)(Revis

12、ed January 15 2013)(Accepted January 21 2013) Maternal fish consumption during pregnancy and risks of wheezing and eczema in childhood: The Generation R StudyE T M Leermakers, A M M Sonnenschein-van der Voort, D H M Heppe, J C de Jongste, H A Moll, O H Franco, A Hofman, V W V Jaddoe and L Duijts Eur

13、opean Journal of Clinical Nutrition 67, 353-359 (April 2013) | doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.36 Background/Objectives: Maternal fish consumption during pregnancy might influence the fetal immune system through anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids, and might affect the risks of childhood asthma a

14、nd atopy. In Generation R, a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands, we examined the associations of first trimester fish consumption with childhood wheezing and eczema in the first 4 years of life.Methods: In total, 2976 mothers completed a 293-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnair

15、e covering dietary intake in the first trimester. The occurrence of wheezing and eczema was yearly assessed by questionnaires.Results: Median weekly fish consumption was 83 (95% range 0316) grams per week. We observed no consistent associations of maternal total-, lean- or fatty-fish consumption dur

16、ing pregnancy with the risks of childhood wheezing. Maternal shellfish consumption of 113g per week was associated with overall increased risks of childhood wheezing and eczema (OR 1.20 (1.04, 1.40) and OR 1.18 (1.01, 1.37), respectively). Maternal fatty fish consumption of 3569g per week was associ

17、ated with increased overall risks of childhood eczema (OR 1.17 (1.00, 1.38), but maternal total- or lean-fish consumption was not.Conclusions: During pregnancy, shellfish consumption was associated with increased risks of wheezing and eczema, while fatty fish consumption was associated with a higher

18、 risk of eczema only. Maternal total fish or lean fish consumption were not associated with wheezing or eczema. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and to explore underlying mechanisms.Mediterranean diet adherence during pregnancy and risk of wheeze and eczema in the first year of

19、 life: INMA (Spain) and RHEA (Greece) motherchild cohort studiesLeda Chatzi, Raquel Garcia, Theano Roumeliotaki, Mikel Basterrechea, Haizea Begiristain, Carmen Iiguez, Jesus Vioque, Manolis Kogevinas and Jordi Sunyer on behalf of the INMA and RHEA study groups British Journal of Nutrition / FirstVie

20、w Article pp 1-11 British Journal of Nutrition, 2013, 1 Copyright The Authors 2013 DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0*13001426 (About DOI), Published online: 17 May 2013AbstractMaternal diet during pregnancy might influence the development of childhood allergic disorders. The aim of the present study

21、was to evaluate the impact of Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence during pregnancy on wheeze and eczema in the first year of life in two population-based motherchild cohorts in Spain and Greece. We studied 1771 mothernewborn pairs from the Spanish multi-centre INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente) study (G

22、ipuzkoa, Sabadell and Valencia) and 745 pairs from the RHEA study in Crete, Greece. The symptoms of wheeze and eczema were based on the criteria of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. Maternal diet during pregnancy was assessed by FFQ and MD adherence was evaluated through

23、an a priori score. Multivariate log-binomial regression models were used to adjust for several confounders in each cohort and summary estimates were obtained by a meta-analysis. MD adherence was not associated with the risk of wheeze and eczema in any cohort, and similar results were identified in t

24、he meta-analysis approach. High meat intake (relative risk (RR) 122, 95 % CI 100, 149) and processed meat intake (RR 118, 95 % CI 102, 137) during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of wheeze in the first year of life, while a high intake of dairy products was significantly associated

25、with a decreased risk of infantile wheeze (RR 083, 95 % CI 072, 096). The results of the present study show that high meat intake during pregnancy may increase the risk of wheeze in the first year of life, while a high intake of dairy products may decrease it.Maternal intake of fatty acids during pr

26、egnancy and allergies in the offspringBright I. Nwaru, Maijaliisa Erkkola, Mirka Lumia, Carina Kronberg-Kippil, Suvi Ahonen, Minna Kaila, Jorma Ilonen, Olli Simell, Mikael Knip, Riitta Veijola and Suvi M. VirtanenBritish Journal of Nutrition British Journal of Nutrition / Volume 108 / Issue 04 / Aug

27、ust 2012, pp 720-732 Copyright The Authors 2011 DOI: http:/dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0*11005940 (About DOI), Published online: 09 November 2011AbstractFatty acids (FA) are known to have a number of immunological effects and, accordingly, may play a role in the development of allergic diseases. We investig

28、ated the effect of maternal intake of FA during pregnancy on the risk of allergic rhinitis, wheeze and atopic eczema in children aged 5 years. The present study analysed data from the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Nutrition Study, a population-based birth cohort study with a 5-ye

29、ar follow-up. Complete information on maternal diet (assessed by a validated FFQ) and International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood-based allergic outcomes was available for 2441 children. Cox proportional regression and logistic regression were used for the analyses. After adjusting for

30、potential confounding variables, high maternal consumption of butter and butter spreads (hazard ratio (HR) 133; 95 % CI 103, 171) and higher ratio of n-6:n-3 FA (HR 137; 95 % CI 107, 177) during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of allergic rhinitis in the offspring by 5 years of age.

31、 High maternal intakes of total PUFA (HR 071; 95 % CI 052, 096) and -linolenic FA (HR 073; 95 % CI 054, 098) were associated with a decreased risk of allergic rhinitis. However, these results lost their significance after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Overall, our data suggest that maternal c

32、onsumption of butter, the ratio of n-6:n-3 FA and intake of PUFA and -linolenic FA during pregnancy may be potential determinants of allergic rhinitis in the offspring.Fish and fat intake and prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Japanese females: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health StudyMiyake Y, Sasaki S, Tanaka K, Ohya Y, Miyamoto S, Matsunaga I, Yoshida T, Hirota Y, Oda H J Am Coll Nutr. 2007 Jun;26(3):279-87. AbstractOBJECTIVE:It remains uncertain whether intake of fish or n-3 polyunsaturated