1、凸轮机构设计说明书Harbin Institute of Technology凸轮机构设计设计说明书课程名称: 机械原理 设计题目: 齿轮机构设计 院 系: 班 级: 设 计 者: 学 号: 指导教师: 哈尔滨工业大学大作业2 凸轮机构设计1.设计题目如图2-1所示直动从动件盘形凸轮机构,其原始参数见表2-1。从表2-1中选择一组凸轮机构的原始参数,据此设计该凸轮机构。序号升程(mm)升程运动角()升程运动规律升程许用压力角()回程运动角()回程运动规律回程许用压力角()远休止角()近休止角()1911090等加等减速3080余弦加速度7012070表2-1 凸轮机构原始参数1.运动方程式及运
2、动线图本实验假设凸轮逆时针旋转。(1)确定凸轮机构推杆升程、回程运动方程,并绘制推杆位移、速度、加速度线图。(设定角速度为= 1.)升程(0):当 0时;由公式:; v =4h a = 4h 由此得:s =;v=1760 ; a = 1760;当时,由公式;v =4h a = -4h 得 ;v =1760 a = -1760 回程( 21/1829/18): 由公式 s = v =;a =; 得到s = v =;a =; 推杆远休止(/221/18): s=110; v=0; a=0; 推杆近休止(29/1821/18): s=110; v=0; a=0; 利用上述方程进行编程(Matlab)
3、得到下面所示的凸轮推杆位移,速度,加速度线图(源代码见附录1):2.凸轮机构的当 0时, v=1760;当时, =1760;当/221/18时, =0;当21/1829/18时, =;当29/1821/18时, =0;将上面的及s与的关系进行编程计算(Matlab,源代码见附录2),获得下图所示的:(图中三条直线是为了确定凸轮的基圆半径和齿轮偏距而作的辅助线)由上图可知在左下区域为凸轮中心的可选择位置,本题选择s0=110mm,e=50mm。将选择好的参数带入编好的程序中(原程序见附录3),可以得到凸轮的理论轮廓。为了得到凸轮的实际轮廓,需要得到滚子的半径,为此有必要得到凸轮理论轮廓的最小曲率
4、半径。为此编写了一段程序(见附录5),得到最小曲率半径min=161.06mm,所以滚子可以取半径为20mm,将这些参数带入附录3的程序中,得到凸轮的理论轮廓,实际轮廓和基圆图,如下图所示:附录1: tan1=0:pi/200:pi/4;w=1;s1=220*(2*tan1/pi).2;v1=440*w/(pi2/4)*tan1;a1=440*w*4/(pi2);tan2=pi/4:pi/200:pi/2;s2=110-880/pi2*(pi/2-tan2).2;v2=440*w*4/pi2*(pi/2-tan2);a2=-440*4*w2/(pi2);tan3=pi/2:pi/200:pi*
5、21/18;s3=110;v3=0;a3=0;tan4=pi/18*21:pi/200:29*pi/18;s4=55*(1+cos(9/4*(tan4-17*pi/18);v4=-9*w*110/8*sin(9/4*(tan4-17/18*pi);a4=-81*w2*110/32*cos(9/4*(tan4-17/18*pi);tan5=29/18*pi:pi/200:pi*2;s5=0;v5=0;a5=0;subplot(311);plot(tan1,s1,r,tan2,s2,r,tan3,s3,r,tan4,s4,r,tan5,s5,r);axis(0 2*pi+pi/4 -10,140)
6、;ylabel(s(mm);xlabel();set(gca,xtick,0,pi/2,pi,pi*3/2,pi*2);grid;subplot(312);axis(0 2*pi+pi/4 -10,140);plot(tan1,v1,r,tan2,v2,r,tan3,v3,r,tan4,v4,r,tan5,v5,r);ylabel(v(w*mm);xlabel();set(gca,xtick,0,pi/2,pi,pi*3/2,pi*2);grid;subplot(313);axis(0 2*pi+pi/4 -10,140);plot(tan1,a1,r,tan2,a2,r,tan3,a3,r,
7、tan4,a4,r,tan5,a5,r);ylabel(a(w2*mm);xlabel();set(gca,xtick,0,pi/2,pi,pi*3/2,pi*2);grid;附录2: clear;tan1=0:pi/200:pi/4;x1=-440*4/pi2*tan1;y1=220*(2*tan1/pi).2;tan2=pi/4:pi/200:pi/2;y2=(110-220*4/pi2*(pi/2-tan2).2);x2=-440*4/pi2*(pi/2-tan2);tan3=pi/2:pi/200:pi/18*21;y3=-110;x3=0;tan4=21*pi/18:pi/200:p
8、i/18*29;y4=55*(1+cos(9/4*(tan4-21*pi/18);x4=9*110/8*sin(9/4*(tan4-21*pi/18);tan5=pi*29/18:pi/200:pi*2;y5=0;x5=0;b=y4-x4*1/(tan(70*pi/180);t=min(b);x6=-150:0.1:150;y6=1/(tan(70*pi/180)*x6+t;a=y1+x1*1/(tan(pi*30/180);t1=min(a);x7=-150:0.1:150;y7=-x7*1/(tan(30/180*pi)+t1;y8=x7*1/(tan(30/180*pi);plot(x1
9、,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4,x5,y5,x6,y6,x7,y7,x7,y8);xlabel(ds/d);ylabel(s(mm);grid;附录3: clear;s0=110;e=-50;x1=0:1:2000;x2=0:1:2000;y2=0:1:2000;y1=0:1:2000;r0=sqrt(s02+e2);b=20;for(k1=0:1:500) theta1=pi/2000*k1; x=(1760*theta1*cos(theta1)/pi2 - sin(theta1)*(880*theta12)/pi2 + s0) - e*cos(theta1); y=cos(th
10、eta1)*(880*theta12)/pi2 + s0) - e*sin(theta1) + (1760*theta1*sin(theta1)/pi2; a=sqrt(x2+y2); s1=220*(2*theta1/pi)2); x1(k1+1)=(s0+s1)*cos(theta1)-e*sin(theta1); x2(k1+1)=x1(k1+1)-b*y/a; y1(k1+1)=(s0+s1)*sin(theta1)+e*cos(theta1); y2(k1+1)=y1(k1+1)+b*x/a;endfor(k2=1:1:500) theta2=pi/4+pi/2000*k2; x=c
11、os(theta2)*(196070722416409*pi)/2199023255552 - (196070722416409*theta2)/1099511627776) - e*cos(theta2) - sin(theta2)*(s0 - (196070722416409*(pi/2 - theta2)2)/2199023255552 + 110); y=sin(theta2)*(196070722416409*pi)/2199023255552 - (196070722416409*theta2)/1099511627776) - e*sin(theta2) + cos(theta2
12、)*(s0 - (196070722416409*(pi/2 - theta2)2)/2199023255552 + 110); a=sqrt(x2+y2); s2=110-880/pi2*(pi/2-theta2)2; x1(k1+k2)=(s0+s2)*cos(theta2)-e*sin(theta2); x2(k1+k2)=x1(k1+k2)-b*y/a; y1(k1+k2)=(s0+s2)*sin(theta2)+e*cos(theta2); y2(k1+k2)=y1(k1+k2)+b*x/a;endk3=-1;k=k1+k2;theta3=theta2;while(theta3=pi
13、/18*21) k3=k3+1; theta3=pi/2+pi/2000*k3; x =- sin(theta3)*(s0 + 110) - e*cos(theta3); y =cos(theta3)*(s0 + 110) - e*sin(theta3); a=sqrt(x2+y2); s3=110; x1(k+k3)=(s0+s3)*cos(theta3)-e*sin(theta3); x2(k+k3)=x1(k+k3)-b*y/a; y1(k+k3)=(s0+s3)*sin(theta3)+e*cos(theta3); y2(k+k3)=y1(k+k3)+b*x/a;endk=k+k3;k
14、4=0;theta4=theta3;while(theta4=pi*29/18) k4=k4+1; theta4=pi*21/18+pi/2000*k4; x=-(495*sin(9*theta4)/4 - (21*pi)/8)*cos(theta4)/4 - e*cos(theta4) - sin(theta4)*(s0 + 55*cos(9*theta4)/4 - (21*pi)/8) + 55); y=cos(theta4)*(s0 + 55*cos(9*theta4)/4 - (21*pi)/8) + 55) - (495*sin(9*theta4)/4 - (21*pi)/8)*si
15、n(theta4)/4 - e*sin(theta4); s4=55*(1+cos(9/4*(theta4-21*pi/18); a=sqrt(x2+y2); x1(k+k4)=(s0+s4)*cos(theta4)-e*sin(theta4); x2(k+k4)=x1(k+k4)-b*y/a; y1(k+k4)=(s0+s4)*sin(theta4)+e*cos(theta4); y2(k+k4)=y1(k+k4)+b*x/a;endk=k+k4;k5=0;theta5=theta4;while(theta5=2*pi) k5=k5+1; theta5=29/18*pi+pi/1800*k5
16、; x=- e*cos(theta5) - s0*sin(theta5); y=s0*cos(theta5) - e*sin(theta5); s5=0; a=sqrt(x2+y2); x1(k+k5)=(s0+s5)*cos(theta5)-e*sin(theta5); x2(k+k5)=x1(k+k5)-b*y/a; y1(k+k5)=(s0+s5)*sin(theta5)+e*cos(theta5); y2(k+k5)=y1(k+k5)+b*x/a;endtheta=0:pi/2000:pi*2;x3=r0*cos(theta);y3=r0*sin(theta);plot(x1,y1,x
17、2,y2,x3,y3);grid;axis equal;附录4(求导使用):clear;syms a s1 s0 e;s1=220*(2*a/pi)2;x1=(s0+s1)*cos(a)-e*sin(a);x(1,1)=diff(x1,a,1);x(1,2)=diff(x1,a,2);y1=(s0+s1)*sin(a)+e*cos(a);y(1,1)=diff(y1,a,1);y(1,2)=diff(y1,a,2);% s2=110-880/pi2*(pi/2-theta2)2;syms a s2 s0 e;s2=110-220*4/pi2*(pi/2-a)2;x2=(s0+s2)*cos(a
18、)-e*sin(a);x(2,1)=diff(x2,a,1);x(2,2)=diff(x2,a,2);y2=(s0+s2)*sin(a)+e*cos(a);y(2,1)=diff(y2,a,1);y(2,2)=diff(y2,a,2);%s4=55*(1+cos(9/4*(theta4-21*pi/18);syms a s3 s0 e;s3=55*(1+cos(9/4*(a-21/18*pi);x3=(s0+s3)*cos(a)-e*sin(a);x(3,1)=diff(x3,a,1);x(3,2)=diff(x3,a,2);y3=(s0+s3)*sin(a)+e*cos(a);y(3,1)=
19、diff(y3,a,1);y(3,2)=diff(y3,a,2); syms a s0 e;x4=(s0+110)*cos(a)-e*sin(a);x(4,1)=diff(x4,a,1);x(4,2)=diff(x4,a,2);y4=(s0+110)*sin(a)+e*cos(a);y(4,1)=diff(y4,a,1);y(4,2)=diff(y4,a,2); syms a s0 e;x5=(s0+0)*cos(a)-e*sin(a);x(5,1)=diff(x5,a,1);x(5,2)=diff(x5,a,2);y5=(s0+0)*sin(a)+e*cos(a);y(5,1)=diff(y5,a,1);y(5,2)=diff(y5,a,2);
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