历年大学英语四级考试翻译部分语法解析.docx

1、历年大学英语四级考试翻译部分语法解析一、 数词的用法1）倍数表示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数（或分数）+ as + adj. + as我有你三倍那么多。b. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ the size (amount，length) of地球是月球的49倍。c. 主语+谓语+倍数（分数）+ 形容词（副词）比较级+ than 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。d. 还可以用by+倍数，表示增加多少倍 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。二、 和more有关的词组1) the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2

2、) more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 与一样，不比多The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样He is no less diligent than you.4) more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.典型例题1）The weath

3、er in China is different from_.A. in America B. one in America C. America D. that in America 答案：D. 本题意为中国的天气比美国热。比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as tw

4、ice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as 答案C. 此句意为这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍。 表示倍数用倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象的句型。所以此句答案为C。This ruler is three times as long as that one.三3非谓语动词中的有关句型 （1）动名词作主语的句型 1）Doing.+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 2) It is + no use, no good (fun,

5、a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.)等名词+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain设法解释是浪费时间。 3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sthIt is useless speaking.光说

6、没用。 It is nice seeing you again真高兴又遇到了你。 It is good Playing chess after supper晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car开这种小车是浪费。 4)There is no + doing.(there is no 表“不可能”) There is no telling what he is going to do说出他要干什么是不可能的。 There is no saying what may happen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。 5)There is no use (goo

7、d/point/sense/harm)+doing sth.做某事没用(不好/意义/重要性) There is no use crying over spilt milk牛奶洒了，哭也无用。 6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing have作有解时，后接情感名词(in可省略)，再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. 例如：We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan我们执行计划有困难。 7)feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词

8、“ 想要” =would like to +原形动词 I feel like a newborn baby我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗? I dont feel like studying tonight今晚我不想读书。 8) spend/waste time （in）doing sth. They spent a lot time (in) making preparations他们花了许多时间作准备。9)在require后只能用动名词，不能用不定式，尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 This probl

9、em requires studying with great care这个问题需要仔细研究。 10）cannot help doing sth.忍不住（做什么） I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. 四、有关分词句型 1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to)，notice，observe，watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟“宾语+现在分词”的复合结构，这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等)，也可以是代词宾格(him，us等)。例如： Sh

10、e smelt something burning and saw smoke rising她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 I watched them rehearsing the play我看他们排演戏。 I could feel the wind blowing on my face我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。 2)表示“致使”等意义的动词，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述(1)的结构，有时也可跟过去分词结构。例如： I caught them stealing my apples我抓住他们偷我的苹果。 If she catche

11、s me reading her diary，shell be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的。 We found him waiting to receive us我们发现他正等着接待我们。 3)go +现在分词表示“从事”之意，这时现在分词做主语补语。Go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如：jogging慢跑，fishing钓鱼，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保龄球，shopping 购物，sightseeing游览，camping露营。 Ill go camping tomorrow我明天去露营。 Ill go shoppin

12、g我去商店。 Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? 4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做 I am busy writing my thesis我正忙着写论文。 His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers他的助教忙于批阅考卷。 或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 He is busy with his work他忙着工作。 5)What do you say to + ing分词?(怎么样?) What do you say to joining us for d

13、inner?和我们一起进餐，你看怎么样? （3）有关动词不定式句型 下面这些词组是不定式的习惯用法，只能用不定式形式。 can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift. (4)there

14、 be的非谓语形式 there be非谓语形式可在句中作主语、宾语、状语和定语。(其中作宾语和状语在1991年和1994年测试过，定语见1996年题10。) The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams(作宾语如1991年题30) 1)作动词宾语时，通常用there to be结构，而不用there being。能这样用的及物动词为：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如： We dont want there to be any c

15、omrades lagging behind，我们不希望有任何同志掉队。 They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他们不愿意处处都要排长队。 We have no objection to there being a meeting here我们并不反对在这里开会。 It isnt enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jims car out quite safely(作状语) 2)作状语多用there being结构，但若置于介词之后，for用there to be整个介

16、词短语作程度状语，其它多半用there being。 There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语) Its too early for there to be anybody up太早了，还不会有人起床。(作程度状语) There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语) 3)作主语时两种结构都可以，但如是用for引导则要用there to be。 It is n

17、ot uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young老人与年青人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。 There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers幼儿园在校园内对女教师十分方便。 4)作定语。 There be结构作定语时，定语从句中谓语为there be，there之前的关系代词常常省略。如： This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nank

18、ing这是到南京的最快一班车。 I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people我要充分利用我剩下的岁月尽量为人民多做些事。 5.2 非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。1）不定式时态语态 主动被动一般式to do to be done 完成式 to have doneto have been done2）动名词时态语态 主动被动一般式doingbein

19、g done完成式having donehaving been done3）分词时态语态 主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done 否定形式： not +不定式，not + 动名词，not + 现在分词6. 动名词6.1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语1）作主语 南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语a. 动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sthadmit 承认appreciate 感激,赞赏avoid 避免 complete 完成 consider 认为delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌 endure 忍受

20、enjoy 喜欢escape 逃脱 prevent阻 fancy 想finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆 resent 讨厌resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险suggest 建议face 面对 include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解 forgive 宽恕 keep 继续举例：(1)Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? (2)The squirrel was lucky th

21、at it just missed being caught.b. 词组后接doing admit to(允许，承认) prefertobe used to lead todevote oneself to object tostick to， be busy(in)，look forward to(to为介词) Its no goodno use,Its worth, as well as, cant help, be tired of （厌倦） ， be fond of ， be capable of ， be afraid of， be proud of， think of about,

22、 hold off（推迟）,put off（推迟）, keep on ， insist on, count on / upon （依靠，指望）,set about, be successful in, good at,take up（开始从事，占据） ,give up,burst out,prevent (stopkeep) from3)作表语Her job is washing，cleaning and taking care of the children.6.2 worth 的用法worth，worthy，worth-while都为adj.意为值得。1. worth： be worth

23、+ n 当名词为金钱时，表示 值得 be worth doing sth.某事值得被做 2. worthy：be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示值得be worthy to be done 某事值得被做3. worth-while： be worth-while to do sth 值得做某事 worth while： It is worth while doing sth It is worth- while to do sth.典型例题1.This book is worth _. A)buying B) to buy C) of buying D) to be boug

24、ht2.It is not _ to discuss the question again and again.A.worthB.worthyC.worth-whileD.worth while 7. 动词不定式7.1 不定式作宾语1) 动词+ 不定式 afford（买的起，负担的起） aim appearagree arrangeaskbe decidebother（烦恼，麻烦）care（关心，介意）choose come dare demanddesiredetermine expectendeavor(企图，谋求)hopefail happen to （碰巧） helphesitatel

25、earn longmean manage offer ought planpreparepretend promiserefuseseem tend wait wish undertake(担保，负责)举例： 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help， intend， like， love, need， prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。 我想和汤姆谈话。. 我想让你和汤姆

26、谈话。3） 动词+疑问词+ to (不定式作宾语，在不定式之前加特殊疑问词whenwhwerewhathowwhowhom等。) decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell 请演示给我们如何去做。.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。7.2 不定式作补语1

27、) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)advise allow appoint believe cause challengecommand compelconsider declare driveenableencourage find forbid forceguess hireimagine impelinduce informinstructinvite judge know likeorder permitpersuade remind reportrequest requireselectsend state suppose tell think traintrust underst

28、andurge warn例句： a.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b.我们相信他是有罪的Find 的特殊用法： Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have典型例题:The next morning she found the man _ in bed，dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。Acknowledge,believe,consider,think,declare(声称),discover, fancy(设想

29、),feel find,guess, judge,imagine,know, prove,see(理解), show,suppose, take(以为), understand 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。典型例题Charles Babbage is generally considered_ the first computer.A. to inventB. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 3) to be +形容词Seem, appear,be said,be supposed, be believed,be thought,be known, be reported,hope, wish, desire,want, plan, expect, mean人们认为这本书没什么意思。4)there be+不定式believe, expect, in