高中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧.docx

1、高中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧2016-2017年高三英语培优补差学案二Gongli/2016/11/14阅读理解之主旨大意题一、 阅读技巧“tips”（一） 题型特点 考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。（二） 题干表现形式1. What would be the best title of the passage? 2. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?3. What is the passage mainly

2、 about? 4. What does the text mainly talk about?5. What is the (main) purpose of this article?6. The purpose of the passage is _ . 7. Whats the topic of the article? 8. What is the main idea of the passage? 9. The passage is intended to _. （三） 应试技巧1. 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，

3、我们可以： 读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意2. 无明显主题句时高频信息词 一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。Exercises.Text 1People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every m

4、eal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.主题句在_Text 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to d

5、o. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 主题句在_Text 3Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten (咬) by snakes. “It was seeing people with snake bite

6、s (伤口) that led me to this career,” he said.In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medical school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in or

7、der to save their lives.“I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly around h

8、is arm to stop the poison spreading to his heart. Rushing home he shouted Bring me the knife! Minutes later the man lost his arm forever.”“The sad story touched me so much that I decided to devote myself to helping people bitten by snakes,” Shu said.主题句在_Text 4Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on

9、 a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the cam

10、pfire has been out.主题句在_Text 5A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 me

11、ters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, The wall is made up of four main elements, whic

12、h include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining. Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in th

13、e tunnel will include emergency phones. The passage is mainly about _. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two railways D. the design of two tunnels 4.注意标志词文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：1)关注一些表强调转折关系的连词but,yet,however,infact,indeed等 2)关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：on the whol

14、e, inbrief/short,above all, after all, allinall,in conclusion,in a word, in short, as a result, therefore, thus等 3)如果主题句有show, indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。（四）错误干扰项选项的特点： 以偏概全。只是文中某个具体事实或细节，或是一句没有展开论述的评论。 主观臆断。读者往往根据自己的常识或从文中某些（不完全）的信息片面退出的结论而忽视了作者的见解。 无关信息。既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息。Exercises.Text 6Lung

15、 cancer is the worst cancer killer in America . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.The main idea of the passage is _.A. Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer B. Smoking is a bad habitC. LC

16、O advises people to stop smokingD. Why did people die of Lung cancer?Text 7Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. F

17、or example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? What is the main idea ?A. Smoking can cause cancer. B. Smoking is a terrible

18、 killer C. Smoking is harmful to our health. D. An experiment on smoking. 练习一：A JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯)out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Lu

19、ogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)on Tuesday evening. The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable! said a teacher from Guangdong province. Named

20、after Chinas most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission(国家教委) as the countrys biggest and best contest of its kind.This news story is mainly about _.A. when the contest

21、 started B. how the contest got its nameC. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contestD. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest练习二 Fat on human beings is distributed in different ways. Some fat people have a large stomach and no waistlinewhich makes them look round, rath

22、er like apples. Others are fatter below the waist, which makes them appear pear-shaped. There are two types of fat: external fat (fat under the skin) and internal fat (fat inside the body wall). Doctors, who have been examining the relationship between health and fatness, have found that the pears h

23、ave less internal fat, but the apples have more internal fat than external fat. This seems to be what causes the health problems. The best treatment for fatness is to reduce the internal fat. But unfortunately it seems that dieting (节食) simply makes an apple-shaped person into a smaller apple and a

24、pear-shaped person into a smaller pear. At the moment there is no known way of reducing the internal rather than external fat.The text is mainly about _.A. fatness and health B. ways to lose weigh C. peoples figures D. distribution of fat练习三 In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book descr

25、ibing a trip to the moon. When the explorers (探险者) landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the moon people they met. In turn, the moon peopleexpressed their surprise. Why, they asked, are you traveling to outer space when you

26、 dont even use your inner space? H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. How ever, the question that the moon people asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of

27、 scientists are seriously thinking about it. Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The Chunnel, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete. But

28、what about underground cities? Japans Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground system, called Alice Cities. The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome(太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city.

29、Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earths space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells moon people would agree. Would you?What would be the best title for the text?A. Alice C

30、itiescities of the future B. Space travel with H.G. WellsC. Enjoy living underground D. Building down, not up练习四 Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career, he said. In 1963, after his army service, Shu entered a medi

31、cal school and later became a doctor of Chinese medicine. As part of his studies he had to work in the mountains. There he often heard of people who had their arms and legs cut off after a snake bite in order to save their lives. I was greatly upset by the story of an old farmer I met. It was a very hot afternoon. The old man was pulling grass in his fields when he felt a pain in his left hand. He at once realized he had been bitten by a poisonous snake. In no time he wrapped a cloth tightly