高中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧.docx

高中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧.docx

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高中英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题技巧

2016-2017年高三英语培优补差学案二

Gongli/2016/11/14

阅读理解之主旨大意题

一、阅读技巧“tips”

（一）题型特点考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。

一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题,标题或目的设题。

（二）题干表现形式

1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

5.Whatisthe（main）purposeofthisarticle?

6.Thepurposeofthepassageis___.

7.What’sthetopicofthearticle?

8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

9.Thepassageisintendedto_____.

（三）应试技巧

1.主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。

找准文章的主题句是关键。

“

主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。

在答题时，我们可以：

读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意

2.无明显主题句时高频信息词

一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。

Exercises.

Text1

Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:

ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.

主题句在__________________________________________________

Text2

Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo.Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown.Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass.Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime.

主题句在__________________________________________________

Text3

ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebitten（咬）bysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites（伤口）thatledmetothiscareer,”hesaid.

In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.

“IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomeheshouted‘Bringmetheknife!

’Minuteslaterthemanlosthisarmforever.”

“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes,”Shusaid.

主题句在__________________________________________________

Text4

Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.

主题句在__________________________________________________

Text5

Aneweight-kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem…

Aspartoftheproject,twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,…Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.

Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair-conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,…Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat.…alongthelengthofthetunnel.Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.

Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.theconstructionofaroad

B.thedesignofaroad

C.theconstructionoftworailways

D.thedesignoftwotunnels

4.注意标志词

文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。

如：

1）关注一些表强调转折关系的连词

but, yet, however, in fact, indeed等

2） 关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词：

onthewhole,in brief/short, aboveall,afterall,all in all, inconclusion, inaword,inshort,asaresult,therefore,thus等 

3） 如果主题句有show,indicate和suggest等词，重点看其后的宾语从句。

（四）错误干扰项选项的特点：

∙以偏概全。

只是文中某个具体事实或细节，或是一句没有展开论述的评论。

∙主观臆断。

读者往往根据自己的常识或从文中某些（不完全）的信息片面退出的结论而忽视了作者的见解。

∙无关信息。

既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息。

Exercises.

Text6

LungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinAmerica.About160,440Americansdieeachyearfromit.Morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated,accordingtotheLungCancerOrganization.

Themainideaofthepassageis___.

A.LungcanceristheNo.1cancerkiller

B.Smokingisabadhabit

C.LCOadvisespeopletostopsmoking

D.WhydidpeopledieofLungcancer?

Text7

Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease（illness）,cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?

Whatisthemainidea?

A.Smokingcancausecancer.

B.Smokingisaterriblekiller

C.Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.

D.Anexperimentonsmoking.

练习一：

AJINTAN,JIANGSU:

The20students—18boysand2girls—hadathousandreasonstobeproudofthemselves.Theyhadjustclimbedtheirwaytothetoprung（阶梯）outof4millionstudentstakingpartintheFifthNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest（竞赛）onTuesdayevening.

The20goldmedalwinnersareallprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsundertheageof14.

"Manyoftheproblemsareofcollegelevelandthesepupilscanfigurethemout.Itisjustunbelievable!

"saidateacherfromGuangdongprovince.

NamedafterChina'smostfamousmathematician,HuaLuogeng,theconteststartedin1986,oneyearafterhisdeath.Inlessthan10years,ithasbeenrecognizedbytheStateEducationCommission（国家教委）asthecountry'sbiggestandbestcontestofitskind.

Thisnewsstoryismainlyabout______.

A.whentheconteststarted

B.howthecontestgotitsname

C.the20pupilswhohavewongoldmedalsinthecontest

D.the5thNationalHuaLuogengGoldCupMathematicsContest

练习二．

Fatonhumanbeingsisdistributedindifferentways.Somefatpeoplehavealargestomachandnowaistline—whichmakesthemlookround,ratherlikeapples.Othersarefatterbelowthewaist,whichmakesthemappearpear-shaped.

Therearetwotypesoffat:

externalfat（fatundertheskin）andinternalfat（fatinsidethebodywall）.Doctors,whohavebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfatness,havefoundthatthe'pears'havelessinternalfat,butthe'apples'havemoreinternalfatthanexternalfat.Thisseemstobewhatcausesthehealthproblems.

Thebesttreatmentforfatnessistoreducetheinternalfat.Butunfortunatelyitseemsthatdieting（节食）simplymakesanapple-shapedpersonintoasmallerappleandapear-shapedpersonintoasmallerpear.Atthemomentthereisnoknownwayofreducingtheinternalratherthanexternalfat.

Thetextismainlyabout______.

A.fatnessandhealthB.waystoloseweigh

C.people'sfiguresD.distributionoffat

练习三．

In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplorers（探险者）landedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothe"moonpeople"theymet.Inturn,the"moonpeople"expressedtheirsurprise."Why,"theyasked,"areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon'tevenuseyourinnerspace?

"

H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969,humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthatthe"moonpeople"askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.

Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.Insomecities,suchasTokyo,SeoulandMontreal,therearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.The'Chunnel",atunnel（隧道）connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.

Butwhataboutundergroundcities?

Japan'sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkofundergroundsystem,called"AliceCities."Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparksandusingundergroundspaceforflats,offices,shopping,andsoon.Asolardome（太阳能穹顶）wouldcoverthewholecity.

Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearth'sspace.Thesurface,theysay,canbeusedforfarms,parks,gardens,andwilderness.H.G.Wells'"moonpeople"wouldagree.Wouldyou?

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AliceCities—citiesofthefutureB.SpacetravelwithH.G.Wells

C.EnjoylivingundergroundD.Buildingdown,notup

练习四．

ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebittenbysnakes."Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebitesthatledmetothiscareer,"hesaid.

In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.

"IwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightly