动词.docx

1、动词环球雅思学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号 学员编号： 年 级： 课时数：学员姓名： 辅导科目： 学科教师：学科组长签名及日期教务长签名及日期课 题动词语法讲解授课时间：备课时间： 教学目标区分系动词、实义动词、以及情态动词，并掌握它们的具体用法重点、难点熟练掌握系动词、实义动词以及情态动词的用法考点及考试要求系动词、实义动词以及情态动词的用法教学内容系动词知识网络助动词实义动词及物动词动词不及物动词情态动词一、系动词系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。1、系动词bebe是最常用的连系

2、动词，它的后面可跟名词、形容词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、从句、动词不定式、分词等作表语,构成主系表结构。be的时态变化：一般现在时am, is, are一般过去时was, were现在将来时will be, is going to be, are going to be过去将来时would be, was going to be, are going to be现在完成时have been, has been过去完成时had been例：、He will be a teacher.他将要成为老师。、He said he was going to be in Shanghai the nex

3、t week.他说他下一周将在上海。、My idea is that we should tie the tree to the stick first.我的主义是先把树绑到木棒上。、She has been like this ever since last night.从昨晚她就这个样。、He said he had been here for three years.他说他在这里三年了。2、与感官有关的系动词这类系动词表示存在或具有某种特征或状态，强调存在，包括：look, feel, smell, taste, sound.例：、He looks very young.他看起来很年轻。

4、、The cake smells delicious.这蛋糕闻起来挺好。 、The bread tastes very nice.这面包尝起来很好。、The story sounds true.这故事听起来真实。3、表示变化的系动词这类系动词强调变化后的情况或状态，包括：become, get, turn, grow, go.例：、When spring comes, the days get longer and the weather gets warmer.春天来时，白天变长，天气变暖。、Florence Nightingale became a famous nurse.弗洛伦斯南丁格

5、尔变成了一个著名的护士。、His face turned redder and redder.他的脸变得越来越红了。4、表示某种情况或状态持续的系动词。这类系动词强调持续，包括：keep, stay, continue, stand.例：、If you want to be thinner and keep healthier, you have to eat less food and you have to take more exercise. 如果你想变瘦和保持健康，你不得不吃更少的食物，进行更多的体育锻炼。、Please stay happy.请保持高兴。、Its already t

6、en in the morning. The store remains closed. Whats the matter? 已上午10点了，商店还关着，发生了什么事。5、表示好象的系动词这类系动词有seem, appear, 后面跟形容词作表语，也可以跟动词不定式作表语。例：、He seems very happy. He seems to be happy.、It seems to be rainy. It seems rainy.中考链接：1、(2009沈阳) Its _ rather cold. I shall put my jacket on.A. starting B. looki

7、ng C. getting D. feeling2、(2009河北) This silk dress _ so smooth. Its made in China.A. tastes B. smells C. sounds D. feels3、(2009芜湖) Do you like the song You and Me?Of course! It _ really beautiful.A. listens B. sounds C. thinks D. what 4、(2009安徽) Long time no see!Oh, it _ like years since I last saw

8、you.A. looks B. seems C. feels D. sounds5、(2009扬州) What is Mum cooking in the kitchen?Fish, I guess. How nice it _!A. looks B. sounds C. tastes D. smells二、实义动词1、实义动词的种类：不及物动词和及物动词（1）、不及物动词：不能直接跟宾语,常须加了介词后方能加宾语。例：look at (for, after), get to (on), operate on, hear of, hear from, point to (at), worry

9、about, knock at, play with, think about等（2）、及物动词：后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整例：catch, invent, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, say, seat, supply, select, show, take, tell等2、实义动词几种形式的变化（1）、变第三人称单数的规则变化一般直接加 “s”taketakes以s、x、ch、sh、o结尾，加 “es”dressdresses以辅音字母加 “y” 结尾，把 “y” 变 “I” 加 “es”s

10、tudy-studies以fe结尾，词尾变为 “ves”dwarf dwarves（2）、变现在分词的规则变化一般直接加 “ing”look -looking以不发音 “e”结尾，去掉 “e”加 “ing” comecoming 以一个辅音字母结尾，而且是重读闭音节，双写辅音字母加 “ing”begin - beginning（3）、变过去式和过去分词的规则变化一般直接加 “ed” watch - watched以不发音 “e”结尾，只加 “d”like - liked以一个辅音字母结尾，而且是重读闭音节，双写辅音字母加 “ed”stop - stopped以辅音字母加 “y”结尾，把 “y”

11、变 “I”加 “ed”try - tried（4）、一些不规则动词过去式do did have had go went take took see saw make made run ran begin began swim swam forget forgot read read teach taught feel felt think thought tell told come came buildbuilt eatate fallfell feelfelt findfound，flyflew，holdheld，am/iswas arewere do/doesdid saysaid ha

12、s/havehad cancould singsang gowent seesaw putputleaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook中考链接：1、（2010荆州）Are you going to Tibet for vacation? Yes. I want you to _ me with some information about it. Aoffer Bgive Cshow Dprovide2、（2010黄冈）Do you know Tsering Danzhou, a Tibetan ten-year-old boy i

13、n Yushu? -Yes. He _the people his great help as a translator after the earthquake.A. provided B. supported C. offered D. afforded3、（2010扬州）Angela, you are going to buy a flat here, are you? -Yes, but I cant _an expensive one.A. spend B. cost C. pay D. afford4、（2010武汉）How about the exhibition that da

14、y? It was very noisy, but that didnt _ me. A. hurt B. impress C. change D. bother5、（2010河南）Rebuilding in Yushu began soon after the earthquake，and it will long into the future A .reach B keep C stop D last3、动词的时态初中常见的时态包括：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时。（1）一般现在时：出现在一般现在时里，通常表示频度(即动作发生的次数多少)意义的副词或词组有：a

15、lways, often, usually, sometimes, seldom，never，from time to time，now and then，every day/month/year，once/twice, etc. a week/month/year,用法：1、 客观真理、谚语、格言等必须使用一般现在时例：Water boils at 100C.水在摄氏100度沸腾。2、 有些习惯用语必须使用一般现在时。例：Believe it or not, his discovery had created a stir in scientific circles.信不信由你，他的发现在科

16、学界引起了轰动。3、 用一般现在时表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )，可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。例：The train for Beijing leaves at 4:00 this afternoon.去北京的火车今天下午四点发车。、一般现在时用于时间或条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时。例：She will get a surprise when she gets in.她进来时会大吃一惊。 I must go now. Incidentally，if you want that book Ill bring it n

17、ext time.我现在得走了。顺便说一下，如果你想要那本书，我下次可以带来。（2）一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。用法：、主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态.例：My father was at work yesterday. 、表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often, always 等表示频度的时间状语连用.例：He always went to work by bus last summer.、和when等连词引导的状语从句连用.例：When she reached home, she had a short rest. 、常与表示过

18、去的时间状语, 如 ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用.例：They began the work two months ago. 注意：1) 过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用used to或would加动词原形来表达，例如：I used to go fishing on Sundays.2) “used to”也可用于表示过去曾经存在过的状态。例如：This river used to be clean.（3）一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态一些表示将来的时

19、间状语tomorrow, the day of the tomorrow, tomorrow morning, afternoon, evening next year/week/month/hour in+段时间 the coming in the future in 2011 this afternoon/Sunday/evening 注：this morning（过去） from now on one/some day soon结构：助动词shall/will + 动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用shall，当主语为第三人称时，用will，但主语为第一人称时，也用will用法：、表示将

20、要发生的动 作或情况,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等.例： I shall be eighteen years old next year. 、表示某种必然的趋势例：Fish will die without water.（4）现在进行时表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作结构：am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式 用法：、表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与 look, listen连用.例

21、：Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment?、表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作.例：They are planting trees these days. 、表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用.例：They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.注意: 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see,

22、know等一般不用现在进行时.例：Lucy prefers art to science.（5）、现在完成时：表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词用法：表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice等连用 例：I have already posted the letter. 注意：现在完成时中的 for 与 since、for + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 since + 时间点/从句例

23、：I have kept the library book for a week. = I have kept the library book since a week ago. 、It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.例：It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 练习：1. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she _. A. will arrive B. gets there C. has gone D. reach here

24、2. -Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter? -I _ well last night. A. didnt sleep B. dont sleep C. havent slept D. wont sleep3. -Excuse me , look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking? -Sorry, I _ that. A. didnt see B. dont see C. wont see D. cant see4. -Well, I found this. I thi

25、nk it must be yours. -My watch! Thank you. Where _it. A. do you find B. had you found C. were you finding D. did you find5. -Don you know when Dr White _ for dinner this evening? -No, but I think he _ when he is free. A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come6.

26、Look at those black clouds. It _ rain. Lets hurry. A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going to4、被动语态（1）构成：助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。（2）各种时态的被动语态1、 一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词例：We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。2、 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词例：A present was given to me by Ma

27、ry.玛丽给了我一件礼物。3、 一般将来时：will be+过去分词例：The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。4、 现在进行时：am/is/are +being + 过去分词例：The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。5、 现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词The flowers have been watered.这些花已经被浇了。（3）含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。 例：Tables can

28、be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。 Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时） Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句） （4）被动语态的特殊用法、不及物动词不用于被动语态。常见的有：Appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, depart, belong to, break out, take place.、表状态动词不用于被动语态常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, a

29、il, look like.、某些动词的进行时可表被动例：The meat is cooking.肉在煮着。The cakes are baking,蛋糕在烘。The book is printing.这本书正在印刷。（5）主动形式表被动意义、某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。常见的有：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound.例：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。、动名词的主动形式表示被动语态。常见的有：want, deserve, need, require,

30、 take, worth.例：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。The children need looking after.孩子们需要照看。、某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。例：The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。中考链接1. Your classroom is very clean. -Yes , it _every day .（2011肇庆）A. is cleaned B. cleans C. is cleaning 2. When should I hand in my paper? -