Lesson 1 The Company in Which I work By Joseph Heller.docx

1、Lesson 1 The Company in Which I work By Joseph HellerLesson 1 The Company in Which I work By Joseph Heller单词Abdominal adj.腹部的，腹部中的abdominal / bdminl / adj. only before noun腹部的；肚子的:abdominal pains 腹痛Bachelor n.单身汉，光棍/ btl(r) / noun 1. 未婚男子；单身汉: 2. 学士:a Bachelor of Arts / Engineering / Science 文学士；工程学

2、士；理学士 Brood vi. 思虑沉思/ brud / verb 1. V (over / on / about sth) 焦虑,忧思(使人厌烦、担忧或不安的事): Youre not still brooding over what he said, are you? 你不是还在为他的话闷闷不乐吧？ 2. V VN 孵(蛋)Bypass vt.绕过，规避，回避/ baips / noun 1. (especially BrE) (绕过城市的)旁路,旁道2. (给心脏接旁通管的)分流术,搭桥术；旁通管: heart bypass surgery 心脏搭桥手术 /a triple bypass

3、 operation 接三通管的手术 verb VN 1.绕过；避开:A new road now bypasses the town. 一条新路绕城镇而过。 2. 不顾(规章制度)；不请示Corresponding adj.相应的，相当的，同一的/ krspndi / Adj. (to sth) 符合的；相应的；相关的【SYN】 equivalent : A change in the money supply brings a corresponding change in expenditure. 货币供应量的改变随即引起支出的相应改变。 Profits have risen by 15

4、 per cent compared with the corresponding period last year. 与去年同期相比利润增长了 15%。 correspondingly adv.:a period of high demand and correspondingly high prices 需求大价格相应地高的时期Courteous adj.有礼貌的，谦恭的/ ktis/ adj. 有礼貌的；客气的；(尤指)恭敬的,谦恭的: 【OPP】 discourteous courteously adv. a courteous young man 彬彬有礼的年轻人 The hotel

5、 staff are friendly and courteous. 旅馆服务人员友好而有礼貌。Cranky adj. 古怪的，任性的/ krki / adj. (informal) 1. 古怪的；怪异的【SYN】 eccentric :cranky ideas / schemes 离奇古怪的想法/计划 2. 脾气坏的:The kids were getting tired and a little cranky. 孩子们越来越累,脾气也有些变坏了。Cramp n.抽筋，痉挛/ krmp / noun 1. U, C 痛性痉挛；抽筋:(BrE) to get (a) cramp in your

6、 leg 腿部抽筋 2. cramps pl. (腹部)绞痛 verb VN阻碍,阻止(发展或进步)【SYN】 restrict :Tighter trade restrictions might cramp economic growth. 较严格的贸易限制会妨碍经济的增长。 【IDIOMS】 cramp sbs style 束缚的手脚；使不能放开手脚(或施展才能)Distribution n.经销，分发/ distribjun / noun 1. U, C分配；分布:the unfair distribution of wealth 财富分配不公 The map shows the dis

7、tribution of this species across the world. 地图上标明了这一物种在全世界的分布情况。 2. U 分发；分送: the distribution of food and medicines to the flood victims 向遭受洪灾的难民分发食品和药物 3. U (business 商) (商品)运销,经销,分销: distribution costs 经销成本 Elation n.兴高采烈，得意扬扬/ ilein / noun U a feeling of great happiness and excitement 兴高采烈；欢欣鼓舞；喜

8、气洋洋Envious adj.嫉妒的Fitfully adv.一阵阵地，不时地/ fitfl / adj. 断断续续的；一阵阵的；间歇的:a fitful nights sleep 夜间时睡时醒 fitfully / fitfli / adv.:to sleep fitfully 睡睡醒醒Gloomily adv.沮丧地，心灰意冷地，忧郁地；昏暗地1.ADJ-GRADED 昏暗的；幽暗的 Inside its gloomy after all that sunshine.尽管阳光明媚，里面依然暗淡无光。2.ADJ-GRADED 忧伤的；沮丧的；无望的 He tells me gloomily

9、that he has been called up for army service.他伤感地告诉我他已经被征召入伍了。3ADJ-GRADED 前景黯淡的；悲观的 .a gloomy picture of an economy sliding into recession.经济陷入萧条的惨淡景象Goose-step vi.正步走；按上级命令行动goose-step n.走正步的步伐，正步 vi.以正步走，踢正步Gregarious adj.合群的，群居的/ grigeris / adj. gregariously adv. gregariousness noun U1. 交际的；合群的【SY

10、N】 sociable 2. (biology 生) (of animals or birds 动物或鸟) 群居的Grudge n.怨恨，恶意，不满/ grd / noun (against sb) 积怨；怨恨；嫌隙: I bear him no grudge.我对他不怀任何积怨。 He has a grudge against the world.他对社会心存不满。Honors n.(复数) 学位考试成绩优异；给予优等生荣誉Graduate with honors 以优等的学位考试成绩毕业Inducement n. 诱使，诱惑，引诱物，诱因/ indjusmnt / noun C, U (t

11、o sb) (to do sth)引诱；刺激；诱因【SYN】 incentive : financial inducements to mothers to stay at home 促使母亲守在家里的经济诱因 There is little inducement for them to work harder. 没有什么动力能促使他们加把劲工作。 Government officials have been accused of accepting inducements (= bribes ) from local businessmen. 政府官员被指控接受了当地商人的贿赂。Inesca

12、pable adj.不可避免的，难以逃避的/ iniskeipbl / inescapably / -bli / adv adj. (of a fact or a situation 现实或状况) 不可避免的；逃避不了的；不能忽视的【SYN】 unavoidable : an inescapable fact 不可逃避的现实 This leads to the inescapable conclusion that the ten things are connected. 这就必然得出一个结论:这两件事互有关联。 Ingenious adj.机灵的；有创造性的/ indinis /1. 精巧

13、的；新颖独特的；巧妙的: an ingenious device 精巧的装置 ingenious ways of saving energy 节约能源的巧妙方法 2. 心灵手巧的；机敏的；善于创造发明的:an ingenious cook 心灵手巧的厨师 ingeniously adv.:ingeniously designed 设计巧妙Malice noun U. 恶意，敌意，怨恨He sent the letter out of malice.他出于恶意寄出了这封信。Melancholy adj. 忧郁的，哀伤的/ melnkli; -kli / noun U忧郁；伤悲:A mood of

14、 melancholy descended on us. 一种悲伤的情绪袭上我们的心头。 adj. (令人)悲哀的；(令人)沮丧的【SYN】 mournful , sombre : melancholy thoughts / memories 悲哀的想法/记忆 The melancholy song died away. 哀婉的歌声渐渐消失了。Monotony noun U单调乏味；千篇一律，一成不变/ mntni/: She watches television to relieve the monotony of everyday life. 她天天靠看电视来解闷儿。Motivate vt

15、.给以动机，激发；促使Mourning n.悲哀，哀伤/ mni / noun U 1. 伤逝；哀悼【SYN】 grief : The government announced a day of national mourning for the victims. 政府宣布全国为受害者哀悼一日。 She was still in mourning for her husband.她仍在为丈夫服丧。 2.丧服Photocopy vt.影印/ futukp / noun 影印本；复印件: Make as many photocopies as you need. 你需要多少复印件就复印多少吧。 v

16、erb (photocopies, photocopying, photocopied, photocopied) 1. 影印；复制；复印: VN a photocopied letter 复印的信 Can you get these photocopied for me by 5 oclock? 你能不能在 5 点钟前把这些给我复印好？ V I seem to have spent most of the day photocopying. 我这一天的大部份时间似乎都花在复印上了。 2. V well / badly 影印得好/不好: The comments in pencil haven

17、t photocopied very well. 用铅笔写的评语没有复印清楚。Photocopying n.影印，影印本Resounding adj.发出回声的；声音洪亮的/ rizaundi / adj. only before noun resoundingly adv.1. 巨大的；令人瞩目的【SYN】 emphatic : a resounding victory / win / defeat 巨大的胜利/成功/失败 The evening was a resounding success.晚会办得非常圆满。 2. (of a sound 声音) 响亮的；嘹亮的；回响的【SYN】 re

18、sonantRetarded adj.发育迟缓的retarded / ritdid; NAmE -trd- / adj. 迟钝的；弱智的；智力发育迟缓的【SYN】 backwardScarlet adj.鲜红的，猩红的/ sklt; NAmE skrlt / scarlet berries 鲜红的浆果 She went scarlet with embarrassment.她窘得满脸通红。 scarlet noun UScrutiny n.细察，仔细审查、查验/ skrutni / noun U 仔细检查；认真彻底的审查【SYN】 inspection : Her argument doesn

19、t really stand up to scrutiny. 她的观点经不起认真推敲。Shrewd adj.精明的，有判断力的/ rud / adj. (shrewder, shrewdest) shrewdly adv. shrewdness noun U1. 精明的；敏锐的；有眼光的；精于盘算的【SYN】 astute : a shrewd businessman 精明的商人 She is a shrewd judge of character. 她看人看得很准。 2. 判断得准的；高明的:a shrewd move 高招 I have a shrewd idea who the myst

20、ery caller was.这个神秘的来访者是谁,我能猜个八九不离十。Squander v.浪费，挥霍，乱花/ skwnd(r) / verb VN sth (on sb / sth) 浪费,挥霍(金钱、时间等):He squandered all his money on gambling. 他把自己所有的钱都糟蹋在赌博上了。Tedium n.单调乏味，冗长乏味，厌烦Vanity n.虚荣，自负/ vnti / noun (pl. -ies)1. U 自负；自大；虚荣；虚荣心:She had no personal vanity (= about her appearance).她对自己的

21、相貌毫不自负。 2. U (尤指与其他重大事物相比)渺小,无所谓,不重要: the vanity of human ambition in the face of death 个人抱负在死亡面前的微不足道 3. vanities pl. 自负的行为；虚荣的态度；过分的骄傲:Politics is too often concerned only with the personal vanities of politicians. 政治常常仅与政界人士的个人虚荣有关。Widower n.鳏夫/ widu(r)Wreck vt.毁灭，毁坏 / rek / verb VN 1. 破坏；损坏；毁坏:

22、The building had been wrecked by the explosion. 那座楼房被炸毁了。 2. sth (for sb) 毁灭；毁掉:The weather wrecked all our plans. 天气把我们的计划全都毁了。 A serious injury nearly wrecked his career. 一次重伤差点儿葬送了他的前程。 3. usually passive 使(船舶)失事；使遇难；使下沉: The ship was wrecked off the coast of France. 那艘船在法国的沿岸失事。text我工作的公司里，In th

23、e company in which I work ,每个人都至少害怕一个人。each of us is afraid of at least one person . 职位越低，所惧怕的人越多。The lower your position is , the more people you are afraid of . 所有的人都害怕那十二位顶层上司，And all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top他们帮助创建了这个公司，who helped found and build the company而且现在仍然大权在握。an

24、d now own and direct it . Direct verb AIM 目标 1. VN sth to / towards sth / sb | sth at / against sth / sb 把对准(某方向或某人): The machine directs a powerful beam at the affected part of the body. 这种机器将很强的射线对准身体感染部位。 There are seven main issues that we need to direct our attention to. 我们需要注意的主要有三个问题。 Most of

25、 his anger was directed against himself. 他主要是生自己的气。 CONTROL 控制 2. VN 管理；监督；指导:He was asked to take command and direct operations. 他奉命统率并指挥作战行动。 MOVIE / PLAY / MUSIC 电影；戏剧；音乐 3. 导演(戏剧或电影)；指挥(管弦乐队): V She prefers to act rather than direct. 她宁愿当演员,不愿当导演。 VN The movie was directed by Steven Spielberg. 这

26、部电影是由史蒂文 斯皮尔伯格导演的。 She now directs a large choir. 她目前担任一个大合唱团的指挥。 SHOW THE WAY 指路 4. VN sb (to.) 给(某人)指路；为(某人)领路: Could you direct me to the station? 请问到车站怎么走？ A police officer was directing the traffic. 一名警察在指挥交通。 GIVE ORDER 下达命令 5. (formal) r 指示；命令【SYN】 order : VN to inf The police officers had be

27、en directed to search the building. 警察奉命搜查这栋大楼。 V that The judge directed that the mother (should) be given custody of the children. 法官判决孩子由母亲照管。 LETTER / COMMENT 信函；意见 6. VN sth to. (formal) 把(信件等)寄至；交予: Direct any complaints to the Customer Services department. 将投诉寄至用户服务部。所有这十二位都已经上了年纪，All these t

28、welve men are elderly now而且岁月的沧桑和对成功的执著追求使他们心力交瘁。and drained by time and success of energy and ambition . 他们中很多人在这儿干了一辈子。Many have spent their whole lives here .当我在大厅里遇见他们时，他们看上去非常友善、沉稳而心满意足，They seem friendly ,slow , and content when I come upon them in the halls而且他们与别人一起乘坐公共电梯时又总是彬彬有礼、沉默不语。and alw

29、ays courteous and mute when they ride with others in the public elevators . mute / mjut / adj. 1. 沉默的；不出声的；无声的【SYN】 silent : a look of mute appeal 默默请求的表情 The child sat mute in the corner of the room. 这孩子坐在屋子的角落里,一声不吭。 2. 哑的【SYN】 dumb 他们不再努力工作。They no longer work hard .他们主持会议，They hold meetings ,决定别

30、人的晋升，make promotions,任凭别人在准备发布的通告中使用他们的名字and allow their names to be used on announcements that are prepared and issued by somebody else .没有人知道谁真正经营这家公司Nobody is sure anymore who really runs the company（甚至连人们认为现在经营着这家公司的那些人都不知道），( not even the people who are credited with running it ) ,然而公司的确在运转。but the company does run . announcement / naunsmnt /