初中英语冀教版中考复习.docx

1、初中英语冀教版中考复习xx冀教版xx复习（4）之词汇名词1名词的种类名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类.可数名词有单复数形式的变化，而不可数名词没有单复数变化.（1）可数名词复数形式主要变化规则(a)一般在词尾后加-s，如：dogdogs.(b)以-s、-x、-ch、-sh结尾的加-es，如：watch-watches。(c)以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加-es，如：country-countries。区别：元音字母+y结尾的，则直接加-s,如：monkey-monkeys。(d)以-f（e）结尾的，变f(e)为v,再加-es，如：knife-knives。(e).不规则变化的：(1).变

2、元音字母的tooth-teeth，footfeet，goose-geese ，man-men，woman-women，policeman-policemen,（区别：GermanGermans ）(2).单复数形式相同的：sheepsheep,fish-fish ,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese (3).childchildren （4）.mouse- mice(f).集合名词只有复数形式：people，clothes，trousers, glasses 等.(g).有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数.如：news，maths，physi

3、cs等.No news is good news.(h)可用how many，many，a few，few，a lot of，lots of，some，any等来修饰可数名词复数.（2）不可数名词1.不可数名词如果要表示量的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等表示多少.（2）用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如：两片面包two pieces of bread 区别：可数名词也可用量来表示.如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples （3）名词所有格表示人和物的

4、所有关系.其形式一般表示为sbs.(1)有生命的名词所有格，其单数形式是在该词后加-s ,其复数形式是加-.(2)无生命的名词所有格则用of结构来表示.(3)表示时间，距离，长度，重量，价格，世界，国家等名词的所有格要用s,复数形式用.如：ten minutes walk（4）双重所有格.如：a teacher of my sisters 冠词1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词有a和an两种形式，用于单数可数名词前，表示泛指，说明其名称和种类.注意：单词hour,honest等词以及以f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x等辅音字母开头，但发音是以元音音素开头的，当他们前面需加不定冠词时要用an；相反单词on

5、e,useful,university,European等词的发音却以辅音音素开头，当他们前面需加不定冠词时要用a.This is _ interesting book and it is also_ useful one.A.a;a B.an;an C.an;a D.a;an 2.定冠词的用法定冠词the和名词连用，特指某人或某物，或指谈话双方都知道的人或物，还指世界上独一无二的事物，以及用于乐器名称，序数词和形容词，副词最高级前.3.不用冠词的几种情况国名，人名和一些专有名词前；月份，星期等表示时间的名词前；三餐，球类运动和娱乐运动的名词前通常不用冠词.-Will you get ther

6、e by _bus ?-No, Ill take _ taxi.A.a;the B.the;a C./;a D./;/4.固定搭配中的冠词的用法要准确记忆固定词组.如：a few , have a rest 等.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，注意区别：in front of 在前面in the front of 在范围内的前部in the hospital 在医院里围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院三、数词1.基数词的构成120，30，40，50，60，70，80，90，100，1000，1000000.注意：英语中没有“万”，如：一万ten thousand 2.确定数目

7、与不确定数目基数词表示具体数目时，hunderd,thousand,million等词用单数形式。在表示“数百”，“数千”，“数百万”等不确定数目时，要用“hundreds/thousands/millions of ”表达，等基数词前面不可用具体数字修饰，但可加many或several等词。3.合成形容词的构成1)“基数词连字符单数名词”可构成合成形容词，该类词常作定语。如：two-month holiday 2)“基数词度量单位（复数）形容词（old/long/wide/deep/high/）”常作表语.4.序数词的构成和用法1）多数由“基数词th”构成，少数构成不规则，需要特别记忆.2）

8、the +序数词，在句中作定语放在被修饰的名词前.3）a/an序数词，表示“再一；又一”.如：Try a second time.4)给事物编号时，数字在名词前用序数词，数字在名词后用基数词.如：The fifth unit/ Unit Five 5.分数与倍数1）分数表示法基数词/序数词.分子过一，分母用复数形式.如：one fourth; three fifths 2）倍数表示法通常借助half,double,twice,three times 等词来表示.代词人称代词1.人称代词由主格和宾格组成.主格作主语，宾格作动词和介词的宾语.2.注意“动词（宾格）副词”3.人称代词的排列顺序：单数

9、为you,he/she,I.复数为we,you,they.不定代词1.some一些；某些；某个.多用在肯定句中和表邀请或者对方可能给予肯定回答的疑问句中等.2.any一些；任何.多用在否定句或疑问句中.用在肯定句中表“任何”.3.none无人；无物；无东西.在句中代替不可数名词作定语时，谓语动词用单数形式.代替可数名词谓语动词用复数形式.4.many,much许多.many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词.5.a few,a little, few, little少量；不多；几个.a few, few修饰可数名词，a little ,little修饰不可数名词.形容词副词1.形容词修饰等不

10、定代词时，须放在其后.2.貌似副词的形容词：friendly友好的；lonely孤独的；lively生动的；lovely可爱的.3.（1）as as 和.一样（中间用原级）（2）not as(so) as和.不一样（中间用原级）（3） than . .比.（用比较级）（4）倍数比较级than 几倍（5）比较级thanany other单数名词最（6）比较级and比较级越来越（7）The比较级，the比较级.越，越.4.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略.5.可用much, a little, even, still等修饰比较级.6.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one,

11、that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词.如:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.7.掌握三种同义句转换：1）He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest (student)in his class.2）This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isnt as interesting as that one.=That film is more interesting

12、 than this one.3）I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English.介词表时间的1.（1）at表示钟点；夜里；中午及某些词组中.（2）on表示具体的某一天或某一天的某个时候.(3) in表示在年，月，季，在上午，下午，晚上，白天等.2.till/until到为止（肯定句，用延续性动词）；直到才（否定句，瞬间性动词）3.during在期间（强调自始至终）4.for时间段；since时间点注：在表时间时next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every

13、, all等前不用介词.表方位的1.at / in在(注：in the fields / on the farm)2.between /among在之间3.in /on /to位于(in在某范围内，on相邻接壤,to在某范围外)4.above/over/on在上面5.by/beside/near在附近6.across/through 穿（通）过注：介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式如：Thank you for teaching us so well.连词并列连词1.but等表转折关系（和though不连用）.2.neithernor,eitheror,notonlybut also,他

14、们连接主语时，谓语动词和最近的主语一致.3.so表因果关系(和because不连用)；and表联合关系；or表选择关系.从属连词1.引导时间状语从句：when,while,before,after,as soon as,until, since2.引导条件状语从句：if 3.引导让步状语从句：although /though (和but不连用)4.引导结果状语从句：so /suchthat(so+adj /adv ;such+n.)区别：so that 时态和语态1.一般现在时1）意义：表现在的特征或状态；表经常性或习惯性的动作.2）结构：be / do (动词的原形.注：当主语是第三人称单数

15、时除外)4）主要动词：动词的第三人称单数形式（其构成规则和规则的名词复数变化形式相同）4）常见时间状语：often,sometimes,usually, every day, on Tuesdays.5）否定句的谓语由“助动词dont / doesnt动词原形”构成.一般疑问句将do /does提到句首.2.一般过去时1）意义：表过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态.2）结构：be (was /were ) / did 3)主要动词：过去式规则动词过去式的构成：一般在词尾加ed ；以字母e 结尾的，加d ；少双；“辅音字母y”结尾的，变“y”为“I”再加ed.不规则的须特殊记忆. 4）常见时间状

16、语：yesterday,last night ,in 2002,two days ago.3.一般将来时1）意义：表将要发生的动作或存在的状态.2）结构：will (第一人称用shall )/ be going to 动词原形3)常见时间状语：tomorrow,next week .4.现在进行时1）意义：现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行的动作.2）结构：助动词be +现在分词（即：ving ）3）主要动词：现在分词构成：一般在词尾加ing ;以不发音的字母e 结尾的，去e ，再加ing ;“少双”5.现在完成时1）意义：表过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响；或表某一动作过去已开始，并持续到现在，也许还

17、要持续下去.2）结构：助动词have /has +过去分词3）主要动词：过去分词构成：规则动词的过去分词和过去式的构成相同；不规则的须特殊记忆.4）常见时间状语：already,yet,never,ever.;for +时间段，since +时间点.6.过去进行时1）意义：表过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作. 2）结构：was /were +现在分词（即：ving ）7.过去完成时1）意义：过去的过去. 2）结构：助动词had +过去分词8.过去将来时1）意义：表从过去某个时间看将要发生的动作. 2）结构：would / was ,were going to +动词原形被动语态1）结构：助动

18、词be 及物动词的过去分词2）掌握情态动词，带双宾语，短语动词和某些动词（如：make ,hear ,see.）的被动语态情态动词情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，否定式是在其后面加not.1.can 能；会；可能；可以. cant可以表否定推测.如：She cant be in Paris because I saw her here just now.2.may 表请求，xx；表推测；3.must 必须；表肯定推测；注意：Must I/we ? Yes,you must./No, you neednt .动词不定式（短语）1.结构：（to）动词原形，否定式：not (to)动词原形.

19、2.作主语或宾语时用形式主语，形式宾语代替.结构：It be +形容词（for / of sb.）+ to do .主语谓语it 补足语to do .如：Its important for us to learn English well .Most young people find it exciting to watch a football game .3.作某些动词（如：want,refuse,decide,hope）的宾语.4.作宾语补足语.在ask ,tell ,allow ,expect ,teach 等动词后面常用不定式作补足语；但let ,make ,see ,hear 等

20、动词后常用不带to 的不定式作补足语.（注意：变被动语态时要带to ）如：The boy was often seen to steal things in the shop 5.“疑问词to do”作宾语.如：I dont know what to do .现在分词1.作主语.如：Watching TV too much is bad for your health . 2.作某些动词（如：enjoy ,finish ,keep ,mind ,practice ,give up等）的宾语.（注意：现在分词在一些短语中作宾语，常见的有：stop /keep /prevent from doin

21、g阻止做,feel like doing想要做，spend(in)doing花费做，succeed in doing成功做，be good at doing,擅长于做，be interested in doing,对做感兴趣，be busy doing,忙于做，have fun / difficult /trouble /problem (in)doing,做感到愉快/做有困难等.如：I have trouble understanding the English poems.3.与不定式的区别1）stop to do 停下来去做；stop doing 停止做.2）try to do 尽力做；

22、try doing 试着做.3）forget / remember to do 忘记/记得去做；forget / remember doing 忘记/记得做过.4）see/ hear/sb do 看见/听见某人做（表动作的全过程）；see / hear /sb doing 看到/听到某人正在做（表动作正在进行）等情景交际1.问候：A:Good morning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi.How do you do ? Nice to meet you.B:回答相同A:How are you?B:Fine, thank you.And you?Very well,tha

23、nk you.2.介绍：This is Mr/Mrs/Miss.Id like you to meet my parents.My name is.Im a student.3.告别A:Goodbye.See you later/tomorrow. Good night.B:回答相同4.感谢和应答表示感谢通常回答Thank you very much. Not at all. Thanks a lot. Thats OK.Many thanks. Thats all right.Thanks for helping me. Youre welcome.5.祝愿、祝贺和应答A:Good luck

24、!Best wishes to you.Have a nice/good time/journey.Congratulations!B:Thank you.A:Happy New Year! Merry Christmas! B:The same to you.A:Happy birthday to you. B:Thank you.6.道歉和应答A:Im sorry.Im sorry to trouble you.B:It doesnt matter.Its not important.Thats nothing.7.遗憾和同情What a pity!Im sorry to hear tha

25、t.8.邀请和应答A:Would you like to ?B:Yes, Id love to.9.提供帮助和应答A:Can I help you?=What can I do for you?Here, take this/my bike.Let me do it for you.B:Thanks for your help. Yes, please.No, thanks.Thats very kind of you.10.请求允许A:May I.?Can I/Could I.?B:Yes/Certainly/Of course.Yes,do please.OK/All right.A:Do

26、 you mind if I open the window?B:No, not at all.或Never mind.11.表示同意和不同意(1):Certainly/Sure/Of course.Yes, please. Yes, I think so. All right/OK.Thats a good idea.I agree with you.(2):No, I dont think so.Im afraid not.I really cant agree with you.12.表示肯定和不肯定1:Im sure.Im sure that.2:Im not sure.Im not

27、sure whether/if. Maybe.13.喜欢和厌恶1: I like /love.(very much) I like /love to.2: I dont like to. I hate to .14.问时间、日期的应答A:What day is it?B:Its Monday.A:Whats the date?B:Its Jan. 10th.A:Whats the time,please? B:Its five oclock/half past five. Its time to .15.请求(1): Can/could you.for me?Will/would you pl

28、ease do sth.?May I have.?(2):Please give/pass me.Please wait (here/amoment).Please wait for your turn.Please stand in line.(3): No smoking, please. No noise, please.16.劝告和建议1:Youd better.You should.You need to.2:Shall we do sth. ?Lets do sth. .What/How about doing sth. ?回答: OK.Good idea.17.禁止和警告1:Yo

29、u mustnt play on the road.If you . youll .2:Take care.=Be careful.18.表示感情A:喜悦Great!Thats nice.Im glad/pleased/happy to.B:焦虑Whats wrong?Whats the matter with you?Im/Hes/Shes worried.Oh, what shall I do?C:惊奇Really?Oh, dear!Is that so?19.约会A:Are you free this afternoon? What/How about tomorrow morning?

30、Shall we meet at 4:30 at the school gate?B:Yes, thats all right. Yes, Ill be free then.All right.See you then.20.语言困难Pardon?Please say that more slowly again.What do you mean by.?Im sorry I know only a little English.21.表示称赞：A:Oh, how nice! Your dress is beautiful.B:Its nice of you to say so.或Thank you.22.常见的标志和说明BUSINESS HOURS营业时间NO PHOTOS禁止拍照OFFICE HOURS 办公时间THIS SIDE UP 这边向上