考研英语一真题与答案解析.docx

1、考研英语一真题与答案解析2018 年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语 ( 一 )Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition 1 ma

2、ny worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 plea

3、surable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects wereready to lend significantly

4、higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. ACanadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to

5、anadult tester holding a plastic c ontainer. The tester would ask, What s inhere? before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, Wow!Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the otherhalf 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the

6、 children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 tocooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that theytrusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children pairedwiththe 20 tester participated in a follow -up activity.1.A on B like C for D from2.A faith B concern C

7、attention D interest3.A benefit B debt C hope D price4.A Therefore B Then C Instead D Again5.AUntil B Unless C Although D When6.A selects B produces C applies D maintains7.A consult B compete C connect D compare8.A at B by Cof Dto9.A context B mood C period D circle10.A counterparts B substitutes C

8、colleagues Dsupporters11.A Funny B Lucky C Odd D Ironic12.A monitor B protect C surprise D delight13.A between B within C toward D over14.A transferred B added C introduced D entrusted15.A out B back C around D inside16.A discovered B proved C insisted D .remembered17.A betrayed Bwronged C fooled D

9、mocked18.A forced B willing C hesitant D entitled19.A In contrast B As a result C On the whole D For instance20.A inflexible B incapable C unreliable D unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text bychoosing A, B, C or

10、 D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jo

11、bs are at highrisk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with themiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredontappeal torobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering havearoused their interest, or soon wi

12、ll. The rich own the robots, so they will befine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheavalhas benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so wellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,but iteventually raised living standards and creat

13、ed more jobs than it destroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneeda lotofhelpadjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson andAndrew McAfee argue in TheSecon

14、dMachine Age,shouldbe rethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculumsfrom grammar school to college- should evolve to focus lesson memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skillsand helping students work al

15、ongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instructionaffordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.to revive its

16、 fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must bemade easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combinelabor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet. The U.S. needs th

17、e new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded

18、: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines

19、 that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?ALeading politicians. BLow-wage laborers.CRobot owners.DMiddle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author s view?A Worries about

20、automation are in fact groundless.BOptimists opinions on new tech find little support.CIssues arising from automation need to be tackledDNegative consequences of new tech can be avoided23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis onAcreative potential. Bjob-hunting skills. Cindivid

21、ual needs.Dcooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed atAencouraging the development of automation. Bincreasing the return on capital investment. Ceasing the hostility between rich and poor. Dpreventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a pro

22、blem withAopposing views on it.Bpossible solutions to it.Cits alarming impacts.Dits major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of youngAmericans disapprove of President Trump s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White Ho

23、use to be filtered through other source, Not a president s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up theirmedia literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presi

24、dential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitterusers in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.You

25、ng people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use distributedtrusttoverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesand prefernews from different perspectivesespeciall

26、y those that are open about anybias. Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility foreducating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints, thesurvey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesb

27、ytheUniversityofWisconsin- Madison found that young people s reliance on social media ledto greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemto re-sharenewsasaprojectionof theirvaluesandinterests.This forcesusersto b

28、emoreconsciousoftheirrole inpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearch group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake newsphenomenonis reader error,moresothan made -up storiesor factualmistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews viasocialmedia.Inother words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart oftheissue. Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteracting this problem, says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at B arnaGroup.So when young people are criti