四级翻译打印文档.docx

1、四级翻译打印文档2008年12月四级翻译n lw_xscj87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems _ (他们至今还没有答案)n 翻译成英语的定语从句，修饰前面的problems, 时态最好用现在完成时，故可翻译成：(which / that ) they have not come up with / found a solution to.n 88. - （大多数父母所关心的）is providing the best education possible for their child

2、ren.n 本句的汉语部分要翻译成英语中的主语从句，宜用what引导，可翻译成What concerns most parents 或者What most parents are concerned about。n 89. Youd better take a sweater with you _(以防天气冷).n 本题重点考察以防，可以翻译成in case引起的从句，从句中的谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气。所以，本题可翻译成in case it turns / becomes cold.或者in case it should turn / beco

3、me cold.n 90. Through the project, many people have received training and _(决定自己创业).n 本题重点考察创业，可翻译成to launch / set up / establish / begin their own enterprise. 或者to launch / set up / establish / begin an enterprise of their own.n 91. The anti-virus agent was not known _ (直到一名医生偶然发现了它)n 点评：本题显然是考察not

4、 - until 句型，此处的发现可以翻译为discover，若翻译成find则不甚合适，因为这里指的是科学上的发现。所以，本句我们可以翻译成until a doctor discovered it accidentally / by chance.2009年6月翻译n 87. Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had _很难跟上班里同学 in English and math.difficulty in catching up with other studentsn 88. If she had r

5、eturned an hour earlier, Mary _就不会被雨淋了would not have been caught in the rain.n 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working over time are_ 更可能增加体重more likely to put on weight.n 90. _很多人没有意识到 is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.n What most people have not realized

6、91. The study shows that the poor function of human body is _与缺乏锻炼密切相关n closely related to the lack of exercisen (greatly associated with lack of exercising).n 四级翻译考什么？n 核心考点是什么？ 三大考点!1. 固定搭配考点n 例1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely _ （把孩子的成功归因于） natural talent. n 考点剖析有两个固定搭配考点：n 1）be li

7、kely to do sth ; n 2） oweto /attributeto （把归因于）2. 核心语法考点n 例1：The professor required that _（我们交研究报告） by Wednesday .n 虚拟语气。n Require后面接从句的时候，一定会虚拟语气，语法结构为require that +sb+should+动词原形。n 例2：Not only _ （他向我收费过高）, but he didnt do a good repair job either （大纲样题）n 倒装结构n 句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he

8、之前加did.所以答案应该为did he overcharge me.3. 核心动词以及动词短语例1：Though a skilled worker, _（他被公司解雇了） last week because of the economic crisis .解雇“可以表示解雇的有dismiss, discharge, fire等。四条冲刺备考建议答案多样化 扩展思维 开阔思路 核心表达例：（为了挣钱供我上学）_, mother often takes on more work than is good for her“为了挣钱供我上学”的表达，To earn money for my educ

9、ation; To earn money for my schooling ; In order to make money to finance my education ; In order to make money to fund my education ;In order to earn money to afford my education汉译英应试原则和基本程序 手法灵活语法正确内容忠实语言闪光汉译英基本程序 理解 翻译 审校 汉译英专项练习一、倍数增减的表示法 51) Force N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍). is 2.5 times greater than Forc

10、e N2 （考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than） 2) This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as） 3) The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数 + 名词） 4) The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一). wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍

11、数） 5) They _(计划将投资增加一倍).plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词）二、时态 61) Be quick, _(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时）2) When she got home, _(孩子们已经睡着了). the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时）3) When I prepare for the college

12、 entrance examination, _(我姐姐将在海边度假). my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） 4) I_(一上午都在修改我的简历). have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） 5) Do you often go on holiday? _(不，我已经有五年没有度假了). No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been since

13、 sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） 6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _(他参军已五年了).He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间） 三、被动语态 51) The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).is being replaced by the computer and the projector （考点：被动语态的现在进行时） 2) The book _(到今年年底就将已出版). n wi

14、ll have been published by the end of this year （考点：被动语态的将来完成时） n 3) Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式). n can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work （考点：1. 被动语态与情态动词联用; 2. 汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动, 要译成英语的被动语态） n 4) When the bill of fare was brought, _(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料). n I was startled, for the

15、 prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated （考点：同“3”的考点2） n 5) _(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.n Effective measures must be taken immediately （考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态） 四、情态动词 51) The phone is ringing, _(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).but there is no answer. She cant be at home （考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，cant

16、表示“一定不”） 2) I cant find my sunglasses. _(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).n I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday n （考点：“情态动词can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断） n 3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了). n You must have dreamed of something terrible （考点：同上） 4) Its a pity.

17、 _(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的).n You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony （考点：“情态动词should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思） 5) _(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.n I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party n （考点：“情态动词neednt

18、+ have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”)五、虚拟语气 22n 1) I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). n I had had your opportunities when I was young （考点：I wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望） 2) If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.he had known this disease is curable （考点：If only 引导的感叹句表示“但

19、愿”或“要是就好了”，用法与 I wish基本相同） 3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars? Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的，而且不带任何装饰). painted it blue, and without any decorations （考点：would rather 后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实） n 4) Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).n measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jam

20、s （考点：Its (about/high) time 后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是的时候了”）5) Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). n as though he were delivering a speech at an assemblyn （考点：as if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑） 6) We insist that _(让杰克立刻进医院).n Jack (should) be sent to hospital right nown （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所

21、接的宾语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） n 7) It was advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店). n more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area（考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式） 8) His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题). n they (should) set up a special board/commi

22、ttee to examine this problemn （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试).n the mid-term exams (should) be canceled n （考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式）10) It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水)

23、.n we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always rainingn （考点：在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。n 这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, desirable, essential, important, impossible, improper, necessary, proper, urgent, vital, ） 11) It is essential that _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). n ev

24、eryone (should) be prepared for emergency （考点：同上） 12) _(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.n If he had booked tickets in the way I told himn （考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反） n 13) I was to have made a speech _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).if I had not been interrupted （考点：同上） 14) It didnt

25、rain last night. _(要是下了，地就会湿的).n If it had rained, the ground would be wet（考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式） 15) _(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now.n If I had been living in New York（考点：同上） 16) If the doctor had not come in time, _(他现在就不在人间了). n he would be dead now（考点：同上） 17

26、) But for his help, _(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). n we could not have rent a house at such a low pricen （考点：but for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语） n 18) I used my calculator; _(否则，我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题).n otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this questionn （考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语） 19) Were I in your

27、 place, _(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). n I would seize the opportunity without hesitation n （考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件） 20) Had it not been for their opposition, _(这项法案早就通过了). n this act would have been passed much earlier（考点：同上） n 21) Should there be another world war, _(人类的继续存在就会

28、有危险).n the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy（考点：同上） n 22) He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿).n lest he should awaken the babyn （考点：lest (以免)引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟） 六、不定式 10n 1) It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).n to complete a 24-story building in 10 months n （考点：不定

29、式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面） n 2) It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉). n for us to have a good nights sleep before the testn （考点：有时用“介词for + 代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，n 这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等） n 3) It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民). n of you to donate