新课标届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法基础考点九定语从句.docx

1、新课标届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法基础考点九定语从句考点九定语从句限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1A football fan is a person _ has a strong interest in football答案：who/that句意：足球迷是对足球有强烈兴趣的人。分析句子成分可知，此处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词，指人可用who/that。2Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?答案：whose此处引导定语从句，先行词为anyone。whose引导定语从句，在从句中作主语family的定语。

2、3I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers答案：when句意：我永远也不会忘记和农民们一起住在农场的那些年。years是表示时间的名词，且从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故用when引导定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语。4We all know that this is the second book _ he has ever written答案：that句意：我们都知道这是他曾经写的第二本书。当先行词前有序数词修饰时，要用that引导定语从句。5_ is often the case in I

3、ndia, foreign firms will face big barriers答案：As此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语，指代逗号后面整个主句的内容。6Those _ have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”答案：who句意：那些有六个或更多亲密朋友的人常被认为是非常幸福的。先行词为those (指人)时，常用关系代词who引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。7Michel Crozier, with _ help Daisy passed the exam, was one of the s

4、traight A students of the school答案：whose句意：米歇尔克罗泽是学校全优生之一，在他的帮助下黛西通过了考试。根据题干结构和句意可知，本句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Michel Crozier，并且与从句中的名词help之间构成所属关系，故用关系代词whose。8The boy, of _ the hair is red, is my brother答案：whom句意：有着红色头发的男孩是我哥哥。of whom the hairthe hair of whomwhose hair。9They arrived at a farmhouse, in fr

5、ont of _ sat a small boy答案：whichin front of which还原即in front of the farmhouse。关系代词which指代先行词the farmhouse。10In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _ are women答案：whomtwo thirds of whom即two thirds of the 2,000 workers。关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，因此用宾格whom。11It is such a good book _ I want to buy im

6、mediately答案：as根据句子结构可知，本句含有一个限制性定语从句。先行词为a good book，并且从句中缺少宾语，又由于先行词被such修饰，故关系代词只能用as。12Our life has reached the stage _ we should decide what to do and how to do it by ourselves答案：where句意：我们的人生已经走到了应该独立决定该做什么和如何去做的阶段了。分析句子结构可知，本句中含有一个定语从句。先行词the stage作为抽象地点，并且从句中缺少地点状语，因此应用关系副词where。13I dont know

7、 the reason _ he came so late答案：why句意：我不知道他来得那么晚的原因。先行词为the reason，且定语从句中缺少原因状语，故用why。14Suddenly I heard a man shouting at a driver, _ car was blocking the street答案：whose句意：突然我听到一个人对一个司机喊了起来，那个司机的车挡住了街道。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作car的定语，修饰先行词a driver。15The way _ he looks at problems is wrong答案：(that/in which)先行

8、词是the way，且定语从句中缺少方式状语时，定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或者省略。16They talked about the persons and things _ they remembered at school答案：that当先行词既有人又有物时，应用that引导该定语从句。17I want to use the same tools _ were used in your factory a few days ago答案：asas引导定语从句时通常构成such as或the same as结构，其中such和the same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词

9、，指代其前的名词并引导定语从句。as在从句中作主语。18We climbed up to the top of a hill, _ we got a good view of the whole forest park答案：where句意：我们爬上了山顶，在那里我们可以看到整个森林公园的美景。此处the top of a hill是先行词，指地点，后面的非限制性定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，缺一个地点状语，故填where。19In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ whom she could turn for help答案：to定语从句

10、中使用了固定短语“turn to sb for help”，意为“向某人求助”。根据固定短语的搭配应用介词to。20Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?答案：where句意：你是否曾经处于一种你知道另一个人是对的，但你却不能同意他的看法的境况？分析句子可知，句中的先行词为situation，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应使用关系副词where。21One theory, _ suggested by Harvard Universi

11、ty, is that humans began cooking their food, thereby releasing nutrients locked in the raw food and reducing the time needed to chew it答案：as句意：正如哈佛大学所研究的一样，一项理论表明，人类开始通过烹饪食物来释放生食物内部的营养成分，以此减少咀嚼所需的时间。as在此引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”之意，指代整个主句的内容。22What sets human beings apart from animals is not the pursuit of ha

12、ppiness, but the pursuit of meaning, _ is unique to humans答案：which句意：不是对幸福的追求而是对生命意义的追求才使得人类与动物不同，这是人类独有的特征。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话的内容。 23The road construction is based on the agreement, one of _ purposes is to ensure its completion on time答案：whose句意：道路建设是以协议为基础的，协议的一个目的是确保道路建设按时完工。在定语从句中，关系词在从句中作定语

13、，故用关系代词whose。24Particular scents also have an effect: diners _ got the scent of lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent答案：who句意：特殊的气味也会产生影响：闻到薰衣草气味的就餐者会停留更长时间，并且比那些闻到柠檬味或者没有闻到什么味道的人花更多的钱。who引导定语从句，修饰前面的diners，关系词在从句中作主语。 25More public kindergartens in _

14、preschool kids can spend their funfilled childhood will be built this year答案：which句意：今年将建立更多的公立幼儿园，学前儿童将在那里度过充满乐趣的童年。in whichwhere引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词more public kindergartens。 26Youth is regarded by many people as a time in their life _ fun, passion, and imagination seem limitless答案：when句意：青年时期被许

15、多人视为他们生命中一段似乎充满无限欢乐、激情和想象力的时光。设空处所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time，关系词在从句中作状语，表时间，故填when。27Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position答案：that句意：请寄给我们所有关于这个职位候选人的信息。本句中含有一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词all the information。先行词被all, the only, next等修饰时，定语从句用that引导。 28The river, _ runs through

16、the center of the city, brings us lots of pleasure答案：which句意：这条河流经市中心，它带给我们很多快乐。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代先行词the river，故用which。29Whichever method you choose, keep in mind the reasons _ you are learning the language答案：why句意：不管你选用哪种方法，一定要牢记你学习这门语言的原因。根据语境可知，_ you are learning the language为定语从句，先行词为the

17、reasons，设空处在定语从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why。30She suggests another approach, one, I think, _ suits us better答案：that“I think”为插入语；设空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词one，这种情况只能用that而不用which引导定语从句。二、单句改错1We still remember the days on which we spent in the old house_答案：去掉on关系代词which在从句中作spent的宾语，因此去掉介词on。2Jim doesnt like the way w

18、hich I deal with the question_答案：whichthat或去掉which或which前加in先行词是the way，且定语从句中缺少方式状语时，定语从句关系词可以是that, in which或省略。故把which改为that或去掉which或在which前加in。3Nancy enjoyed herself very much last week where she visited her friends in Sydney_答案：wherewhen先行词last week是表示时间的名词，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，因此用关系副词when来引导定语从句。4That

19、 scientist whose the work is successful has been made a model worker_答案：去掉the该定语从句中名词work前缺少定语，故用whose引导该定语从句。whose与the不能同时使用，故去掉the。5The Voice of China has set up a stage which some people can achieve their dreams_答案：whichwhere先行词stage意为“舞台”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词where。6They talked for about an hour

20、of incidents, most of them happened recently_答案：themwhich两个句子之间没有连词连接，应该把代词them改为具有连接作用的关系代词。介词of后指物的关系代词应用which。7That day, what I am looking forwards to, is around the corner_答案：whatwhich本句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语且先行词是that day，因此用关系代词which。what不能引导定语从句。8My friend showed me around the town, where wa

21、s very kind of him_答案：wherewhich非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which，指代前面提到的整件事情。9Which we know, China is a country with a long history_答案：WhichAswhich引导非限制性定语从句，一般跟在主句之后，所以此处应用As。as we know “正如我们所知道的”。10They told me they had just arrived at the last destination where you went to last year_答案：wherethat句意：他们告诉我

22、，他们刚刚到达了最后一个目的地，这个地方是你去年去过的。该句中含有一个定语从句，先行词为destination，关系词在从句中作went to的宾语；先行词被“the last”修饰，故只能用that引导该定语从句。11Soon children in the summer camp had many new friends, to whom they shared food, stories, and projects_答案：towith句意：夏令营里的孩子们很快就有了许多新朋友，他们一起分享食物、故事和专题研究。share sth with sb意为“和某人分享某物”。 12Spellin

23、gBee is a contest which competitors, usually children, are asked to spell as many words as possible_答案：whichwhere句意：SpellingBee是一种拼写比赛，通常孩子们被要求拼写出尽可能多的单词。分析句子结构可知，此句中含有一个定语从句，contest是先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此，用where作引导词。 13The subway was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of them carried

24、 heavy bags and baskets full of fruits and vegetables they had bought there_答案：themwhom句意：地铁挤满了购物完回家的人们，其中大部分人手上拎着装满从市场买的水果蔬菜的包和篮子。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，由“介词whom”引导。14After visiting Harbin, most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time when they had spent_答案：whenthat/which句意：在参观过哈尔滨之后，大多数

25、外国友人都说，他们永远不会忘记在那里度过的那段时光。分析句式可知，先行词为the time，从句中缺少宾语，故应用which或that来引导定语从句。 15Is this the reason why he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?_答案：去掉why或whythat/which句意：这就是那个他在会上解释的工作上粗心的原因吗？reason作先行词时，如关系词在定语从句中作状语，用why引导定语从句；如果关系词作主语或宾语，则用that/which引导定语从句。在本题中关系词作宾语，因此，也可以省略引导词

26、that/which。 定语从句(一)一、关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系词(也称为引导词)包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。The work that/which has just been finished is very importantShe is the girl who/that lives next doorThis is the house whose window broke last nightTom was late for work again this morning, which m

27、ade the boss angryAs is known to all, China is the biggest developing country in the worldI still remember the day when/on_which I first came to this schoolThis is the small village where/in_which he was bornThe reason why/for_which he refused the invitation is not clear注意：关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但作介词的宾语时不能省略；关系副词一般可用“介词关系代词”来代替。二、只能用关系代词that的几种情况1当先行词既有人又有物时。They are talking about the director and his films that I like best2当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。It is the best film that