华西神经病学试题.docx

1、华西神经病学试题华西神经病学试题神经病学教研室五、七年制习题 更新时间:2005-9-29 12:54:36 阅读 1250 次 神经病学试题(七年制-1) 一. 填空(每个1分, 共20分) 1.Brocas aphasia的临床特点以_障碍最为突出. 病变主要累及_半球_回_部。 2._损害出现internuclear ophthalmoplegia, 其表现是当患者侧视时_侧视运动不能. 3.轻微的剌激引起强烈的感觉, 称为_;非痛性刺激诱发疼痛感觉称_. 4.节段性分布的瘫痪, 病灶在_和_. 5.Weber综合征表现为病灶侧_神经瘫痪, 对侧_神经,_ 神经和_上运动神经元性瘫痪。

2、6.脑脊液蛋白-细胞分离, 常见于_症和_症。 7.Vertigo是一种自身或外界物体的_幻觉。 8.听觉障碍表现为_,_和_。 二. 名词解释(每个5分, 共30分) 1.Tic douloureux 2.Polyneuropathy 3.Froin sign 4.Horner syndrome 5.Compressive myelopathy 6.Temporal lobe epilepsy 三. 问答题(每个10分, 共50分) 1.GuillainBarre syndrome 的诊断与鉴别诊断。 2.Acute myelitis 的治疗措施。 3.简要介绍Cerebral infarc

3、tion的治疗措施。 4.C T检查在神经系统疾病方面的临床应用(限大纲范围内) 。 5.Parkinsons disease(PD) 的主要临床表现。 神经病学试题(七年制-2) 一. 填空(每空1分, 共20分) 1.Myasthenic crisis 常因抗胆碱酯酶药量_引起; 而Cholinergic crisis 则因抗胆碱酯酶药量_引起;Brittle crisis则是抗胆碱酯酶药_引起。可以通过静脉注射_药来鉴别。这三种危象一旦发生, 均可出现_。 2.Parkinsons disease (PD) 的临床表现, 除姿势步态异常外, 最主要的三个表现是_,_和_。 3.Multi

4、ple sclerosis (MS) 的确诊标准应是: 病程中_次发作和_ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clin

5、ical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardi

6、ac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical ma

7、nifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria,

8、etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 个分离病灶临床证据; 实验室检查, 脑脊液中_指数增高和脑脊液中_阳性。 4.Subarachnoid hemorrhage的典型临床表现_,_, _和_。 5.Subarachnoid hemorrage时, 使用甘露醇的目的是_;使6-氨基己酸的目的是_;使用尼莫地平等钙通道拮抗剂的目的是_。 6.临床疑脑出血的首选检查是_。 二. 名词解释(每个5分, 共25分) 1.Queckenstedt

9、test 2.Bell sign 3.Romberg sign 4.Crossed hemiplegia 5.Cerebral embolism 三. 问答题(每个10分, 共40分) 1. 简单介绍格林-巴利综合征(急性) 的治疗方法。 2. 颈内动脉闭塞有哪些临床表现, 3. 小脑出血有哪些临床表现, 4. 肌张力增高有哪些类型,各有什么表现,常见于哪些情况, 四. 病例分析(15分) 患者, 男,55岁.3月前开始右上肢疼痛, 呈烧灼样, 从肩向大拇指放射. 一月前出现右下肢无力, 并逐渐加重. 当地治疗无效, 于一日前转我院. 查体: 内科情况无特殊. 神经检查: 颅神经正常, 右上肢

10、肌张力低, 肱二, 三头反射减弱; 肌力近端4度, 远端1度, 大小鱼际肌有萎缩; 右腹壁反射消失; 右下肢肌力2度, 肌张力增高, 髌踝阵挛阳性; 右下肢震动觉和关节位置觉消失; 右上肢和左侧肚脐以下痛温觉消失。 请讨论:1. 请作定位诊断, 并说明诊断依据. 2. 可能的病因. 3. 下一步有哪些检查措施,可能出现的阳性结果. 神经病学试题(七年制-3) 一. 填空(每个1分, 共20分) 1. 浅昏迷表现为患者对疼痛剌激_,腱反射_,瞳孔光反射_,生命体征_. 2. Wernicke aphasia以口语_严重障碍为突出特点, 故又称_aphasia. 其病灶在_半球_回_部。 3. S

11、tatic tremor 通常在_时出现,_ 时加重,_ 时消失。 4. Ataxia 在临床上分为_,_,_和_ataxia;其中Cerebellar ataxia常表现有_震颤,_ 语言, 肌张力_。 5. 脑脊液蛋白质含量超过10克/L 时,CSF呈黄色, 流出后可自动凝结, ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based k

12、nowledge; common emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency

13、drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac re

14、spiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint com

15、a shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 称为_征。 二. 名词解释(每个5分, 共30分) 1.Spastic paralysis 2.Gaze palsy 3.Todds palsy 4.Petit mal 5.Wallenberg

16、 syndrome 6.Progressive stroke 三. 问答题(每个10分, 共50分) 1. 三叉神经痛有哪些临床表现, 2. 格林-巴利综合征有哪些临床特点, 3. 脑出血的常见部位有哪些,各有什么主要特点, 4. 简介癫痫部分性发作常见类型的临床表现。 5. 腰椎穿刺对哪些神经疾病的诊断有价值,各有什么结果, 神经病学试题(七年制-4) 一. 填空(每个1分, 共20分) 1. 腰椎穿刺的并发症是_.当有_和怀疑_时禁作压颈试验, 以免发生脑疝. 2. 脑脊液流出后, 自动凝固如胶样, 称为_综合征, 是因脑脊液中_过多所致. 3. 由于伸肌和屈肌张力均增高, 向各方向被动运

17、动遇到的阻力是相同的, 此种肌张力增高称为_样强直; 伴震颤时这种阻力断续相间, 称为_样强直. 4. 缘上回的病变可出现_症. 5. 多发性硬化患者的脑脊液IgG指数常常_,寡克隆IgG带阳性而血浆中寡克隆IgG带_. 6. 面具脸和写字过小征常见于_病. 7. 左旋多巴是目前治疗_病的最基本最有效的药物. 该药的付作用有开关现象, 开 是指症状突然_,关 是指症状突然_. 8. 单纯部分性痫性发作的痫性灶在_侧脑部; 复杂部分性发作的病灶多在_叶. 9. 典型失神发作脑电图呈双侧对称_周/秒_波。 10.典型失神发作时病人意识_;强直-阵挛发作时病人意识_。 二. 名词解释(每个5分, 共

18、25分) 1. Spoor 2. 扳机点 3. Light reflex of pupils 4. Vertigo 5. Pseudobulbar palsy ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common emergency technology of application; common e

19、mergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effects, as well as specific applications (medicin

20、e, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac synd

21、rome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest ble

22、eding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 三. 问答题(每题10分, 共40分) 1. Trigeminal neuralgia有哪些临床表现? 2. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies有哪些主要临床表现? 3. 慢性脊髓髓外压迫症有哪些主要临床特点? 4. Cerebral embolism有

23、什么临床表现? 四. 病例分析(15分) 患者, 女,50岁. 二天前开始头痛, 服止痛片可缓解.2小时前打麻将时又突然头痛加剧, 并呕吐, 继之倒地, 呼之不应. 急送医院就诊. 查体: 神志清楚, 痛苦表情, 对答切题; 眼底正常, 左睑下垂,瞳孔散大, 光反射消失; 无面瘫, 伸舌居中; 右上下肢轻瘫, 感觉正常; 颈抵抗,Kernig征阳性. 请讨论:1. 可能疾病是什么,依据, 2. 病因诊断。 3. 你准备作什么检查来确定诊断, 4. 作什么检查确定病因, 神经病学试题(七年制- 5) 一. 填空(每空1分, 共20分) 1. 重症肌无力的临床表现有肌无力休息后_,活动后_;眼肌型

24、表现为一侧或双侧_肌麻痹, 瞳孔括约肌_。危象是该病死亡的常见原因,_ 和_可诱发危象。 2. 苯妥英钠的不良反应有_,_,_,_和_等。 3. 蛛网膜下腔出血的一般处理主要是绝对卧床_周;适当给予_药; 保持_通畅等。 4. 癫痫部分性发作的首选药物是_,广谱抗癫痫药是_。 5. 多发性硬化的症状和体征不能用中枢神经系统_病灶来解释。 6. 慌张步态常见于_病。 7. 左侧外展神经与面神经瘫痪, 右侧肢体偏瘫, 病变在_侧_。 二. 名词解释(每个5分, 共25分) 1. Gaze palsy- 2. Ataxia- 3. Cerebral watershed infarction- 4.

25、分离性感觉障碍- 5. Involuntary movements- 三. 问答题(每个10分, 共40分) 1. 动眼神经瘫痪有什么表现,常见于哪些情况, 2. 周围性面神经瘫痪有哪些体征? 常见于哪些疾病? 3. 如何区别急性脊髓炎和脊髓压迫症? ncluding based life support (BLS), and senior heart life support (ACLS), and based trauma life support (BTLS) and senior trauma life support (ATLS) of based knowledge; common

26、 emergency technology of application; common emergency of causes identification, and clinical performance and the processing specification; common emergency auxiliary check of select refers to levy, and results judge and the clinical meaning; Indications, effects of common emergency drugs, side effe

27、cts, as well as specific applications (medicine, for expansion of vasoactive drugs, cardiac diuretic, antispasmodic and anti-asthmatic drugs, analgesic drugs, Hemostatic, antiarrhythmic drugs, such as Cortina). Understand: the new development of the theory of life support; cardiac respiratory and ca

28、rdiopulmonary resuscitation after cardiac syndrome etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. 2. basic requirements (1) species and cases of study requirements: disease disease fever acute abdominal pain chest pain and difficulty breathing faint coma shock in acute

29、 poisoning with cardiac respiratory arrest bleeding (hemoptysis, hematemesis, hematuria, etc) requires at least 45 cases of arrhythmia. (2) basic skills requirements name name heart lung 4. 脑蛛网膜下腔出血有哪些病因, 四. 病例分析(15分) 患者, 女,38岁. 入院前2小时进午饭时突然出现右手抽动, 继之意识丧失, 双眼上翻, 全身抽动, 持续约3-4分钟, 抽动停止, 呼之不应. 急送急症.入院后查体: 呼之不应, 压眶时有痛苦表情, 并有左上下肢乱动; 双眼闭合, 双瞳等大, 眼底正常; 右上下肢肌张力低, 反射活跃, 右下肢Babinski征阳性; 针刺右侧肢体无反应, 左侧有躲避反应. 颈软,Kernig征阴性. 心脏听诊有心房纤颤. 请讨论:1. 该患者意识障碍属什么程度, 2. 定位诊断及其依据. 3. 定性诊断及其依据. 4. 应首先作什么检查证实你的诊断, 神经病学试题(五年制-1) 一. 填空(每空1分, 共30分) 1. 意识丧失, 对言语刺激无应答反应, 称为_. 2. 发声困难, 发音