翻译精华一.docx

1、翻译精华一Translation of Simple Sentence1. He is diligence itself.译为：他非常勤奋。公式一：Abstract noun +itself=very much or exceedingly + adjective译为汉文，应为【非常，异常，极】等字，其意比very强。例一：He knows that aspiring beggary is wretchedness itself.他知道穷困而好高是件极为困苦而不幸的事情。例二：The old man was hospitality itself.这位老人极为善待人。(好客)公式二：Abstra

2、ct noun + itself = The +abstract noun + of + abstract + noun故:He is diligence itself可改为He is the incarnation of diligence.他乃勤奋的化身。即为：他非常的勤奋。例一：He know that aspiring beggary is the incarnation of Wretchedness.例二：That old man was the incarnation of hospitality.那个老人是善待客人的化身。意即极善待人。公式三：Abstract noun + i

3、tself亦可用All + abstract noun 代之故：He is diligence itself =He is all diligence.他非常勤奋（all有完全之意，All diligence=完全勤奋，即非常勤奋）。例一：He know that aspiring beggary is all wretchedness.例二：That old man is all hospitality.译文同上。注意：公式二中incarnation一字亦可为personification, perfection, image, embodiment等抽象名词，及model, picture

4、, pattern, paragon等普通名词，或personified, embodied等形容词字代之，意义与incarnation相同。注意二：公式三All之后，亦可为普通名词，如All ears, all eyes,All tears 等，意义相同。A, This student is all ears (very attentive), when he listens to the teachers lecture.这个学生非常注意倾听教师演讲。 B, A man who is all eyes and ears toward every thing is in need in ev

5、ery walk of life. 对于各事都非常注意谨慎者，无论何种职业都需用之。 C, This woman is all tears when she hears the death of her son in the battle-field. 这个女人听到她的儿子阵亡时泪流不止。 注意三：Verb “to be”之后,若用abstract noun ,必与itself连用，否则即为错误，verb “to be ”之后，无论为noun 或adjective,皆用以形容或限制句子在语法上称之为nominative complement而abstract noun 没有此用法故不可单独使用

6、 。例如，He is very diligence就是错误的，因为diligence是抽象名词不能形容主语He，应该为He is diligent or He is diligence itself,因为diligent是形容词，而diligence itself=very diligent . Exercise 1 1. He is honesty itself. 2. The people are all eagerness to restore peace in their country. 3. He is all ears to the speech of this famous m

7、an. 4. We young men should be all ears to the new and Complicated social phenomena.(note 1) 5. That beggar is all tears as he walks along the street asking money from the passers-by.(note 2)NOTES Note 1:Social phenomena 社会现象。Note 2:Passers-by 行人2, Knowledge is a thing good in itself, but may become

8、harmful by its use. 译为：知识本位良物，能因用而致害。公式一：In itself=independently ,of extraneous含有不依靠外力的意思，译为汉文为固，本来，即为等。例一：A fine courtesy is a fortune in itself. 娴雅之礼仪即财产也。例二：In itself =in its own nature意思是【本性】，即【本来，原是】故上句可改为Knowledge is a thing good in its own nature, but may become harmful by its use.例一：A fine c

9、ourtesy is a fortune in its own nature.例二：Money is not a bad thing in its own nature, but may become harmful by its use.注意：In itself 与Abstract noun +itself意义不同，In itself =in its own nature 指事物的本性，译为【固，本来，原为】等，Abstract noun +itself =very =+adjective译为【非常，极】等。注意二：与in itself 相似的有of itself ,但是意思却不同。Of i

10、tself =naturally, spontaneously含有【不借外力】之意，译为【自，自然】等，例如The door opens of itself=门自己开了（不因外力而开）。注意三：与of itself 相似的还有of ones own, accord,含有【于自动】之意，译为【自动，自愿】等。故of itself 大概用于无意愿物体，Of ones accord 用于有意愿的物体。例如：The wall fell of itself =墙自己倒了（不因外力而倒）The soldiers surrender of their own accord.士兵自动投降（出于他们的意愿）。E

11、xercise 21. We need not seek for reputation, if we fulfill our duty, reputation will come of itself. 2. A thing good in itself may become harmful by its use.3. Charity in itself is admirable.4. Study hard and the difficult will reduce of itself.5. Fire is a very useful thing in itself, but may give

12、rise to great damage, if it is used carelessly.(3)He lives in the house by himself.译为：他独居此室。公式一：By oneself =separate from others含有与其他人分离之意，译为【独】字。例一：He likes to sit by himself.他喜欢独坐（by 本意为【在旁边】，自己坐在自己旁边，即独坐。公式二：oneself=alone,故上句可改为He lives alone in the house.例一：He likes to sit alone.例A man will have

13、 limited knowledge and narrow field of view, if he lives and studies alone.注意一：By oneself 有时亦作without others help,译为【独为，独作】等，例如I like to do everything by myself.无论何事，我喜欢独自为之。注意二：By oneself 作【独为】时，与for oneself意义相同。故上句可改为I like to do everything for myself.注一:For 之后若非Compound Personal Pronoun,不是【独为】的意思

14、，例如：I will try my best to do the work for you.译为：我将尽最大努力为你办这件事。I will do my best to do the work for myself.我将尽最大的努力独自完成这件事。注二：For 之后的Compound Personal Pronoun 若不是反指主语（does not refer to subject）,而是反指受词（but refer to object）时，当作for its own sake (是他本身的原因)，例如We should practice virtue for itself=We should

15、 practice virtue for its own sake.译为：我们应该为道德之故而修养。（而非为名誉或其他目的）注意三：Compound Personal Pronoun有两种用法。a. 作反身之用（Reflexive Use）, 即主句向本身做事。（subject does something to itself）。例如：1 I like to do everything by (or for) myself 。 （译见上）2 Formerly Tseng Tse introspected himself three times a day 。昔有曾子每日三省其身。（注一） 上二

16、句中之myself 及 himself 皆为反身之用，因其所指者与句主同一物也。Compound Personal Pronoun 作此种用法时，可为句中动词之直接受词，或间接受词，或介系字（preposition）之受词（object）。（注二） Reflexive Personal Pronoun 若为“ by ” or “ for ”等介系字之受词时，“by” or “ for” 等字亦可省去。故上例 I like to do everything by (or for) myself 亦可改为I like to do everything myself。意义相同。（注二）Reflexi

17、ve Personal Pronoun 不但用以反指句主，且辅助句之意义，故不省去。若将上二例之myself 及 himself 省去, 二句之意义皆不完矣。 b 作加重语气之用（Emphatic Use ）。例如 I do it myself = 余独自为之。Myself 一字，即用以加重语气，和使句主“ I”字格外注重也。 （注）Emphatic Personal Pronoun 可以省去，与原文之意无妨，不过语气稍弱耳。故上例 I do it myself 其中“myself ” 一字可以省去，意义无变。（注意四）By oneself 作（在旁）解时，by 时不可省去，亦不可用for 代

18、之。 Exercise 31. God helps those who help themselves 。2. A man must despise himself before he is despised by others 。3. To cheat others is to cheat oneself 。4. Hard as the work is, he accomplishes it himself 。5. He is a miser and tries to keep all the property of his family for himself。 NOTES Despise

19、 轻视 傲慢 cheat 欺诈 accomplish 成功 Miser 守财奴（4） Young men are generally too ready to speak of the defect of others.大概年轻人都爱讲别人的缺点。 公式一：Young men are generally too ready to give themselves airs when they get little success. 例二：He is too ready to criticize others.公式二：Too +inclined +infinitive=too+ ready+ in

20、finitive故本句可改为Yong men are generally too inclined to give themselves airs when they got little success.例一：Too + apt or liable + infinitive=Too +ready +infinitive故上句可改为Young men are generally too apt to give themselves airs when they get little success.例二：He is too apt to criticize others.注意一：Too to

21、中间用的字如果不是ready, inclined, apt, liable等字，则表示否定之意。比较例子如下：a， He is too anger to speak.=He is so anger that he can not speak.他太生气了以至于说不出话来。He is too ready to speak=He is very talkative.他太好多言。注：a.句中too 形容angry, to speak形容too.前者表示因，后者表示果，与so+ adjective+ that not意义相同，故译为【太不能】。b.句中的too 形容ready to speak,而to

22、speak形容ready, ready to speak意即【易于发言】，加上too 之后，则为【太轻于发言或太易于发言】，故译为【多言】注意二：Too + adjective + infinitive之式，若加上【only, but】等字，也不是表示否定，仍表示【过度】之意，常译为【非常，甚，极】等字，例如：a. I am only too happy to hear your success.=I am only too happy to hear your success.听到你成功的消息我非常开心。b. He is a kind master, so his servants are

23、but too happy to wait upon him.他是一个和善的主人，所以他的仆人都喜欢等他。注：用only (or but) +adjective时，语气比用very + adjective强，与very much +adjective相同。注意三：Only too, but too, or all too + adjective其后如果不跟infinitive,表示【遗憾】含有alas的意思。例如：a. The entertainment ended only too soon.娱乐结束的太快了。b. Another year has passed, time flies bu

24、t too soon.一年又过去了，光阴流逝的太快了。c. The time passed all too quickly in the dim seclusion of one the boxes.住在这个幽暗隐居的小舍中，光阴流逝的如此之快。注：Too字不与infinitive连用，前面虽然不加only, but, all等字，亦可用以表示【遗憾】之意，例如：Too often the men of great ability and knowledge remain unknown.注意四：Too +adjective or adverb and knowledge remain unk

25、nown.其式为none + too + adjective or adverb,表示【及时或不及】，含有汉文中【说时迟那时快】之意，译为汉文，应为【赶到】。例如The army was on the point of being defeated, but none too soon the reinforcement arrived and turned defeated to victory.军队将败北时，援兵赶到，乃转败为胜。He was none too sober and has a hazy recollection of what he saw-Fred. M .White翻译

26、：注意五：Too字之习惯用法甚多，除上列者外尚有Toonot to表示不能之意。Too.not to表示必能之意。Can not .too表示不为过之意。 Exercise 41. I gnorant1 men are generally too ready to believe rumors2.2. I am only too delighted to accept your invitation.3. Too often the truth3of many things remains unknown.4. The thief was on the point of running awa

27、y, but none too soon the policemen arrived at the scene4 and caught him away.5. I shall be only too pleased to do my best in that line5 of work.(1.无智识的，愚昧的 2，谣言 3，真理 4，场所 5，种类)（5）This dress is too short for me.(译)此衣吾着之殊短（这件衣服对于我觉得太短）（公式）Too + adjective + for.表示【对于.是太.】之意，因介系字（preposition）“for”乃用以表示目

28、的也；译时必先将for所示之目的语揭出。例一， This lesson is too hard for me。此课我读之甚难（这个功课对于我觉得太难）例二， This room is too small for our meeting。我们在此室内开会觉得太小（此室对于我们开会觉得太小）。注意一，Too + adjective + for 之式，其中之adjective，亦可用adverb代之，其式为Too + adverb + for；例如，This man proves too much for me.我非此人之敌（此人对于我强甚）。注一，Too much for one 乃一成语，意谓强

29、过，胜过注二，Too +adjective + for 与 too + adverb + for 意义相同，然因英文文法上之关系而句法有别。a. Too字前之动词若为Copula，其后必以adjective。例如 The thief attempted to escape from the policeman, but the policeman was too many for him.贼人欲由警察脱逃，但警察力足以胜之。b. Too 字之前之动词若非Copula，其后必随以adverb；故上句policeman后之was若改为他种动词，其后必随以adverb。例如The thief att

30、empted to escape from the policeman, but the policeman proves too much for him.(译同上)。注意二，Too + adjective or adverb + for 之前，有时冠以之数目译出。例如This table-cloth is three inches too wide for this table.这个桌布铺在这个桌子上宽了三寸。Lincoln was a very honest man. One day, after he sold an article to a lady and found out th

31、at he had charged her six cents too much for it, he went three miles to return her the overpaid amount.林肯为人极诚实，一日，彼售物一妇人，其后觉察他向她多索价六分，于是步行三英里，还其多付之款。 EXERCISE 51. This essay is too hard for the beginners1.2. This load is too heavy for this weak horse.3. This carpet2 is five inches too wide for the f

32、loor.4. James was wrestling3 with John, but the latter proves too much for the former.5. “Dont give too much for the whistle4” is an invaln-able advice given by Franklin5. NOTES1. 初学者 2地毯 3角力 4笛；笙 5富兰克林（6）China possesses enormous quantities of coal, and she is rich in other minerals as well.译中国产煤基地；他种矿产亦富。（公式一）As well 表示二物皆然或二者