英语学习英汉对照文章阅读.docx

1、英语学习英汉对照文章阅读1. Is language，like food，a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged？Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother to

2、ngue he told the nurses to keep silent. 语言是否像食物一样为人类的一项基本需求，在生命的关键时刻，没有它孩子就会饿死或者受到损害呢？从十三世纪弗雷德里克二世所做的严厉的试验来判断，这是可能的。为了发现一个从没听到过母语的孩子究竟会讲什么语言，他叫保姆缄默不语。 All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than language deprivation here. What was missing was good mothering. Without g

3、ood mothering， in the first year of life especially， the capacity to survive is seriously affected. 所有婴儿出生一年不到都夭折了。但是很明显，夭折的原因不是被剥夺了语言，而是失去母亲般的悉心照护。没有母亲般的悉心照护，特别是在生命的第一年，婴儿的成活能力受到严重影响。 Today no such drastic deprivation exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless， some children are still backwa

4、rd in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the cues and signals of the infant， whose brain is programmed to mop up language rapidly. There are critical times， it seems， when children learn more readily. If these sensitive periods are neglected， the ideal time

5、 for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time， but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. 在今天，像弗雷德里克下令严厉剥夺的现象已不复存在了。尽管如此，有些孩子说话仍然迟钝。究其原因，往往是母亲对婴儿的示意和信号无动于衷，而孩子的大脑这时正处在快速吸收语言的状态。看起来，确有

6、某些关键时期，孩子们学起来相当容易。假如这段敏感的时期被忽视，获得技巧的理想时间过去了，他们可能就再也不会如此轻松地学到东西了。一只小鸟能在适当时机较快地学会鸣叫和飞翔，可是一旦关键阶段过去，学会鸣叫和飞翔的过程就会缓慢而艰难。 Linguists suggest that speech milestones are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age， but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to

7、be of high IQ （Intelligence Quotient）。 At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel-like sounds； at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands； at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1000 words which he can put into sente

8、nces， and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. 语言学家认为，言语在一生中的各个阶段是按固定的先后顺序，在某一定的年龄分别达到的，但也有若干情况，某些孩子开始说话晚，结果其智商却很高。十二周的婴孩会笑，发出元音似的声音；十二个月的孩子可以说简单的词，懂得简单的命令；十八个月的孩子有三到五十个单词的词汇；三岁的孩子懂得一千单词，并且能够组成句子；到了四岁时，孩子的语言与其父母的语言只是在风格上而不是在语法上有所差异。 Recent evidence sugg

9、ests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about Mans brain，compared with that of the monkey，is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of，say，a teddy-bear with the sound pattern teddy-bear。 And even more incredible is the young brains abil

10、ity to pick out an order in language from the hubbub of sound around him，to analyze，to combine and recombine the parts of a language in novel ways. 近来有证据表明，婴儿生来就具有讲话能力。人的大脑与猿猴的大脑相比，就在于它是一套复杂的系统，比如说，能使婴儿在见到或摸到玩具熊时，把“玩具熊”与这个词的音联车在一起，甚至更加不可思义的是，幼小的脑子能从周围的喧嚣声中听出语言表达的某种命令，用种种新奇的方式对某个语言的成份进行分析、组合以及重新组合。 B

11、ut speech has to be triggered，and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child，where the mother recognizes the cues and signals in the childs babbling，clinging， grasping，crying，smiling，and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because th

12、e child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal cues is essential to the growth and development of language. 但是幼儿说话要有人逗。这得靠母亲和孩子相互影响。母亲要善于从孩子的咿咿呀呀中，以及依偎，抓，哭，笑中辨别出不同含意和信号，并且做出反应。母亲对孩子的上述信号持冷漠态度会减弱这种相互作用，因为这会使孩子扫兴，而发出的只能是些明显的信号。对孩子的非语言信号是否敏感，这对其语言的

13、增长和发展是至关重要的。2. I am constantly shocked at how little talented people earn. I heard the other day that less than 5 percent of Americans earn more than 100,000 a year.我常常吃惊，为什么有才华的人却只有微薄的收入。前几天我听人说，只有不到5的美国人年收入在10万美元以上。A business consultant who specializes in the medical trade was telling me how many

14、doctors, dentists and chiropractors struggle financially. All this time, I thought that when they graduated, the dollars would pour in. It was this business consultant who gave me the phrase, They are one skill away from great wealth. What this phrase means is that most people need only to learn and

15、 master one more skill and their income would jump exponentially.一位精通药品贸易的商务顾问曾经告诉我，有许多医生、牙医和按摩师生活拮据。以前我总以为他们一毕业，财源便会滚滚而来。这位商务顾问告诉了我一句话：“离发大财，他们还差一项技能。”这句话的意思是说，大部分人还需多学习并掌握一项技能，他们的收入才能呈指数倍增长。I have mentioned before that financial intelligence is a synergy of accounting, investing, marketing and law

16、. Combine those four technical skills and making money with money is easier. When it comes to money, the only skill most people know is to work hard以前我提到过，财商是会计、投资、市场营销和法律方面的能力综合。将上述四种专业技能结合起来，以钱生钱就会更容易。说到钱，大部分人所知的唯一技能就是拼命工作。When I graduated from the U.S. Merchant Marine Academy in 1969, my educated

17、 dad was happy. Standard Oil of California had hired me for its oil-tanker fleet. I had a great career ahead of me, yet I resigned after six months with the company and joined the Marine Corps to learn how to fly. My educated dad was devastated. Rich dad congratulated me.1969年，我从美国海运学院毕业了。我那有学识的爸爸十分

18、高兴，因为加州标准石油公司录用我为它的油轮队工作。尽管我的未来前程远大，但我还是在6个月后辞职离开了这家公司，加入海军陆战队去学习飞行。对此我那有学识的爸爸非常伤心，而富爸爸则祝贺我做出的决定。Job security meant everything to my educated dad. Learning meant everything to my rich dad. Educated dad thought I went to school to learn to be a ships officer. Rich dad knew that I went to school to st

19、udy international trade. So as a student, I made cargo runs, navigating large freighters, oil tankers and passenger ships to the Far East and the South Pacific. While most of my classmates, including Mike, were partying at their fraternity houses, I was studying trade, people and cultures in Japan,

20、Thailand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Korea and the Philippines. I also was partying, but it was not in any frat house. I grew up rapidly.对于有学识的爸爸来说，稳定的工作就是一切。而对于富爸爸来说，学习才是一切。有学识的爸爸以为我上学是为了做一名船长，而富爸爸明白我上学是为了学习国际贸易。因此，在做学生时，我跑过货运、为前往远东及南太平洋的大型货轮、油轮和客轮导航。当我的大部分同班同学，包括迈克，在他们的联谊会会堂举办晚会的时候，我正在日本、泰国、新加

21、坡、中国香港、越南、韩国和菲律宾学习贸易、人际关系和文化。我也参加晚会，但不去任何联谊会，我迅速地成熟起来了。There is an old clich that goes, Job is an acronym for Just Over Broke. And unfortunately, I would say that the saying applies to millions of people. Because school does not think financial intelligence is intelligence, most workers live within

22、their means. They work and they pay the bills.常言道，“工作（job）就是比破产强一点的缩写”。然而不幸的是，这句话确实适用于千百万人，因为学校没有把财商看作是一种才智，大部分工人都“量入为出”：干活挣钱，支付账单。Instead I recommend to young people to seek work for what they will learn, more than what they will earn. Look down the road at what skills they want to acquire before c

23、hoosing a specific profession and before getting trapped in the Rat Race. Once people are trapped in the lifelong process of bill paying, they become like those little hamsters running around in those little metal wheels.Their little furry legs are spinning furiously, the wheel is turning furiously,

24、 but come tomorrow morning, theyll still be in the same cage: great job.相反，我劝告年轻人在寻找工作时要看看能从中学到什么，而不是只看能挣到多少。在选择某种特定职业之前或是陷入 “老鼠赛跑（激烈的竞争）”之前，要好好掂量自己到底需要获得什么技能。一旦人们为支付账单而整天疲于奔命，就和那些在小铁轮里不停奔跑转圈的小老鼠一样了。老鼠的小毛腿跑得飞快，小铁轮也转得飞快，可到了第二天早上，他们发现自己依然困在同一个老鼠笼里，那就是：重要的工作。When I ask the classes I teach, How many of

25、you can cook a better hamburger than McDonalds?, almost all the students raise their hands. I then ask, So if most of you can cook a better hamburger, how come McDonalds makes more money than you? The answer is obvious: McDonalds is excellent at business systems.当我在自己教授的班级上问到“你们当中有多少人做的汉堡包能比麦当劳更好”时，

26、几乎所有的学生都举起了手。我接着问，“如果你们当中大部分人都能做出比麦当劳更好的汉堡包，那为什么麦当劳比你们更能赚钱？” 答案是显而易见的：麦当劳拥有一套出色的运营体系。The reason so many talented people are poor is because they focus on building a better hamburger and know little or nothing about business systems. The world is filled with talented poor people. All too often, theyr

27、e poor or struggle financially or earn less than they are capable of, not because of what they know but because of what they do not know. They focus on perfecting their skills at building a better hamburger rather than the skills of selling and delivering the hamburger.许多才华横溢的人之所以贫穷的原因，就是因为他们只是专心于做更

28、好的汉堡包，而对运营体系几乎一无所知。世界上到处都是有才华的穷人。在很多情况下，他们之所以贫穷、生活拮据或者收入与其能力不相符，不是因为他们已知的东西而是因为他们未知的东西。他们只将注意力集中在提高和完善做汉堡包的技术上，却不注意提高有关汉堡包的销售和送货技能。3. Q: I am doing a masters degree in accounting and have completed my first semester. Now Im thinking of shifting to actuarial studies, as I dont find accounting very ex

29、citing. In the current economy, should I pursue something I feel passionate about or go for a field with more job security?问：我现在正在攻读会计学硕士，目前已经修完第一学期的课程。现在，我正在考虑转到精算系，因为我觉得会计很无聊。在目前的经济环境下，我到底是应该从事我所感兴趣的领域，还是追求稳定的职业呢？A: Job security is extremely hard to come by these days, no matter what profession yo

30、u choose. It isnt enough to pursue a field with perceived stability, say the experts. Youll want to find something you feel passionate about, can make a living doing and that involves using skills you can easily apply to other fields.答：在当前的经济形势下，无论你从事何种职业，就业稳定都很难找到稳定的就业机会。专家们表示，光是追求预计能够带来稳定就业的领域是不够的

31、。你希望追求的方向应该是你所热爱的、能够借以维持生计的职业，并且能够运用到一些你可以轻松转换到其它领域的技能。Passion is a necessary but not sufficient condition for success in the workplace, says James Elsen, president and chief executive officer of Sustainable Circles Corp., publisher of , a green living guide that includes job listings. Pursuing what

32、 you love will give you access to creativity and energy that you would not otherwise be able to tap while slogging to a job you are indifferent about.Sustainable Circles Corp.的总裁兼首席执行长詹姆斯爱尔森(James Elsen)表示，要想取得事业上的成功，热爱是必要条件，但并非充份条件。追求你所热爱的职业能够为你带来创造力和活力，而这些都是从事某项你自己都感到无所谓的工作所无法得到的东西。Sustainable Circles Corp。是的出版商，这是一份“绿色生活”指南，同时也发布一些空缺职位。Bear in mind that since youre only one semester in, it may be too early to rule out accounting. Give yourself some more time and become an expert in the field so you can make