高中英语语法点汇总.docx

1、高中英语语法点汇总高中英语语法点汇总 高中英语语法点汇总 一冠词 1.概念：冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类。不定冠词有：a 和 an，a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前；an 用于以原音音素开头的单词前。如：a girl a gift a house an apple an orange an hour 定冠词有：the 2.用法：不定冠词：*用于单数可数名词前，指人或事物的某一种类，如：He is a student.*指某人或某物，但不具体说何人或何物 如 A girl is looking for her book.*序数前加不定冠词 an/a,表示又一个，另一个，如：Would you li

2、ke a second cup of tea?*当一日三餐前出现形容词时，该词前加冠词 a,如：Mr fat is very fat and often has a big lunch.*还可用在某些抽象名词前，表示一阵、一场、一种、一次等 如：There was a heavy snow yesterday.He did me a great kindness.*固定搭配：have a cold have a good time in a hurry for a while do sb.a favour 定冠词：*特指某些人或事物 *指双方都知道的人或事物 *指上文提到过的人或事物 *用于独

3、一无二的事物前，如：the sun the moon *用于序数词和形容词的最高级前，如：the third book the longest river *用于一些专有名词、组织机构、国家名、报纸杂志等的名称前，如：the Great Wall the Ministry of Education（教育部）the United States the Daily Mail（每日邮报）*可与形容词连用，表示这一类人或事物，如：The rich should help the poor.the old the deaf(聋人）the young *用于姓氏复数名词前，表示全家或这一姓氏的夫妇俩，如：

4、the Greens *可指某个世纪某个年代，如：in the 1970s(1870s)在 20世纪 70年代 *用于西洋乐器前，中国的名族乐器前则不加冠词，如：play the piano play Erhu *用在江河、湖泊、山脉等地理名称前，如：The Pacific Ocean(太平洋 0 the Tian-shan Mountains(天山山脉）*用于以 festival 组成的节日之前，以 day 组成的节日前不加定冠词，如：the spring festival May day *固定搭配：In the morning in the end on the right at the

5、 same time 二数词 1.概念：分为两种：基数词（cardinal numbers）和序数词(ordinal numbers)。表示人或事物数量多少的数词叫做基数词；表示人或事物顺序的数词叫序数词。2.作用：可在句子中做主语，表语，定语和宾语，还可做同位语。例句：Five of them are from China.主语 I am eighteen now.表语 This is my first visit here.定语 I am in class 2,but they three are not.同位语 3.构成及用法：基数词 1 one 15 fifteen 29 Twenty

6、-nine 2 two 16 sixteen 30 thirty 3 three 17 seventeen 31 Thirty-one 4 four 18 eighteen 40 forty 5 five 19 nineteen 50 fifty 6 six 20 twenty 60 sixty 7 seven 21 twenty-one 70 seventy 8 eight 22 twenty-two 80 eighty 9 nine 23 twenty-three 90 ninety 10 ten 24 twenty-four 100 one hundred 11 eleven 25 tw

7、enty-five 102 one hundred and two 12 twelve 26 twenty-six 123 one hundred and twenty-three 13 thirteen 27 twenty-seven 1000 one thousand 14 fourteen 28 twenty-eight 2235 two thousand,two hundred and thirty-five 构成：a.1-12单独记 b.13-19 词尾为-teen c.20,30,40 等逢十词尾为-ty d.21-99 个位数和十位数之间要加连字号 e.101-999 先说百，再

8、加 and，再加末尾两位数 f.1000 以上的数，从后向前数，每三位用一个计数点隔开，依次是：thousand,million,billion 用法：a.hundred,thousand,million,billion 前面有具体数词时，用单数形式。如：two hundred b.如 hundred,thousand,million,billion 后加 s时，需要后面加 of,再加名词，方可使用，如：thousands of people c.用来表示在几十年代，如：in the 1990s/nineties d.表示某人几十多岁，要用整数的复数形式 如：in ones teens/twe

9、nties/thirties 序数词 第 1-第 12 第 13-第 19 第 20-第 90 First Second Third Fourth Fifth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth Sixteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth nineteenth Twentieth Thirtieth Fortieth Fiftieth Sixtieth Seventieth Eightieth ninetieth Hundredth Thousandth m

10、illionth 构成：a.基数词变序数词，一、二、三要单独记 b.th 要从四加起 c.eight 少个 t,nine 去掉 e d.f 把-ve 来代替，-ty 变成-tie 用法：a.序数词前要加 the,b.有时还可加不定冠词 a,如：I had a forth apple.4.百分数、分数、小数的表达法：百分数：基数词加百分号（percent）,如：89 eighty-nine percent 分数：分子基数词，分母序数词。分子大于一，分母加 s,中间有连字符。如：1/3 one-third 2/3 two-thirds 带分数：基数词加 and 加分子基数词、分母序数词 如：fiv

11、e and six-sevenths 小数：小数点前用基数词，小数点后读作基数的个位，小数点读作 point。如：1.45 one point four five 5.时刻、时间、序号表达法：时刻表达法：a.几点过几分，用 past;几点差几分，用 to;b.简略表达法：小时数加分钟数；如：8:15-eight fifteen 时间表达法：年月日 2011,7,7-July seventh,two thousand and eleven 序号表达法：a.事物名词+基数词 b.定冠词 the+序数词+事物名词 如：lesson two=the second lesson part one=the

12、 first part 6.倍数表达法：基数词加 times,但 once,twice 要单独记 如：He runs twice faster than you.Our classroom is four times as big as yours.7.一些特殊表达法：every ten days 每十天 every tenth day 每隔九天 by the dozen 以打记 one at a time 一次一个的 one by one 一个一个的 twos and threes 三三两两 at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 8.算式读法:A+B=C A plus B is

13、C.(A and B is C.)A-B=C A minus B is C.(B from A is C.)A B=C A times B is C.A/B=C A divided B is C.AB A is more than B AB A is less than B 三代词 概念：代词是用来代替名词及起名词作用的词。按意义特征及语法功能可分为 9类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。1.人称代词 概念：人称代词指我、你、他等词，有数、格的变化。可在句中作主语、表语，宾格作宾语。如：I have an English book.He

14、 is in Beijing.用法：当说话者不清楚或不必要知道说话对象是，可用 it 来表示。如：Its a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl?she,he 可用来表示拟人，she 可指月亮、土地、船只、党派、猫、鸟等柔美可爱的东西；he 可指马、象、狗等动物，如：The moon is risen,she is round and bright.Give the cat some food,maybe she is hungry.The dog waved his tail when he saw his master.在比较状语从句中，在不引起歧义的前提下

15、，主格可由宾格替换。如：He is older than I/me.2.物主代词 概念：物主代词是用来表示所有关系的。分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，位于名词前作定语；名词性物主代词相当于名词可作主语、宾语、表语。如：This is my school.(宾语)His name is Tom.(定语)This isnt my shirt.Mine is over there.(主语)Those books are not yours.(表语)She is an old friend of mine.(宾语)3.反身代词 概念：反身代词在句中可作宾语、同位语、

16、表语、主语。如：He is teaching himself English.(宾语)The president himself will attend the meeting.(同位语)Her father and herself will tell you the secret.(主语)常见的习惯用语：by oneself 亲自 talk to oneself 自言自语 to oneself 暗自 make oneself at home 随便些 amuse oneself 自娱 call oneself 自称 devote oneself to 致力于 teach oneself 自学

17、for oneself 为自己 excuse oneself 自我辩解 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 help yourself to 请自便 4.指示代词 this/these 一般指时间或空间上较近的事物；that/those 一般指时间或空间上较近 的事物 如：This is a book and that is a pen.（指空间）I read a book this morning.（指时间）打电话时，this 表示我 that 表示对方 如：Hello,this is Mike.Whos that?so 和 such 的用法 a.so 用作副词，修饰后面的形容词或副词 如

18、：Why are you so late?b.such 用于 such a/an+（形容词）+可数名词单数或 such+（形容词）+可数名 词复数或不可数名词结构中，作为形容词修饰后面的名词。如：Its such a good book.Such things are not familiar to me.You cant make them work in such cold weather.so+many/few+可数名词复数，so+much/little+不可数名词 5.相互代词 Each other 多指两者；one another 指两者或两者以上的人或物，如：We all Chin

19、ese.We should help one another.The students pointed out each other s weak points.6.疑问代词 一般位于句首，在句中充当一定的成分，who,whom,whose,what,which 如：Who went to the Great Wall yesterday?(主语)Whose umbrella is this?(定语)What made him so angry?(主语)Which is better,the red one or the white one?（主语）7.连接代词、关系代词 关系代词有：what

20、,which,who/whom,whose 连接词有：that/whether(if)用法：如果从句不完整，缺少名词性成分，就用关系代词引导，如果从句完整，可 用连接词引导.8.不定代词 One 的用法：泛指人，可以在形容词和 that,this 等词后代替刚提到过的可数名词，在句中作 主、表、定、宾语等，其所有格形式为 ones，反身代词为 oneself,复数形式为 ones，如：One should be strict with oneself.（泛指人，作主语和宾语）Chinese is one of the most useful language in the world.(指一个

21、人或物，作表语)I lost my pen,I want to buy a new one.(代替上文出现过的可数名词，作宾语)one,it 的区别：one 时泛指，表示同类中的任何一个或几个；it 时特指，指代上文出现过的原物。如：The book is good,can I borrow it?one 可用 this,that,any,some,each,the next,every,which 等修饰，如：Here are two books,which one is yours,this one or that one?some,any 的用法：既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。so

22、me 一般用于肯定句中，any 多用于疑问，否定和条件句中，可在句中作主、宾、定语。如：Some of the students will go to Beijing tomorrow.(主语)If you have any,give me some.(宾语)There isnt any time left.(定语)a.some 用于单数可数名词前，表示某一个，如：I ve read the story in some book.我在某本书中读过这个故事。b.与数字连用，表示大概，大约，如：The country has exported some two million bikes this

23、 year.这个国家今年已经大约出口了两百万辆自行车。c.any 用于肯定句中，修饰单数可数名词，表示任何的，如：You can choose any student.each,every的用法：Each 指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个，强调个体；every 指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。如：There are trees and flowers on each side of the street.Every student has read a poem.both,all 的用法：both 指两者都，all 指三者或三者以上都或全体。如：Both of the student

24、s are 15 years old.这两名学生都是 15岁。（主语）I have forgotten all about it.我把那个全忘了。（宾语）much,many 的用法：much 修饰不可数名词，many 修饰可数名词。如：Much of the time is free.(主语）Many people wanted to stay here.(定语）I have much to say.(宾语)either,neither 的用法：either 指两个人或物中的任何一个，表肯定；neither 指两个人或物中一个也不，两者都不，表否定。如：Either of them has a

25、 pen.(主语)I know neither of the two men.(宾语)either 可放在否定句的句尾，表示“也”，如：I dont know either.我也不知道。9.代词一览表 人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they 宾格 me you him her it us you them 物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our your their 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself it

26、self ourselves yourselves themselves oneself 指示代词 this that these those such 疑问代词 who whom whose which what 不定代词 some something somebody someone any anything no one every everything each much many little other another all none one both either neither 四形容词与副词 1.形容词 作用：表示人或事物的特征。可作定语修饰名词、代词；可作表语，表示主语的

27、状态、特征，也可作补语、状语。如：I have an interesting book.(定语)Im happy.(表语)What makes you sad?(宾语补足语)The wall was painted green.(主语补足语)表示抽象概念的词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，如：the true,the good,the beautiful,the bad The beautiful is not always the good.在句中的位置关系：a.多数情况下放在所修饰的词前 b.多个形容词修饰名词时的顺序：一般性描述形容词+形状（大小、长短）+年龄（新、旧、温度）+颜色+国籍+

28、材料（物质）+用途（类别）+被修饰的名词。如：a beautiful little flower an old plastic bucket c.表示性格、感情的形容词应放在表示身体形状的词后，放在表示肤色的形容词前，如：a long patient queue a pale anxious girl a nice black doctor d.除上述规则外，通常把音节短的词放前面，音节长的放后面，如：He is a tall and powerful man.e.修饰不定代词时，形容词后置，如：I have something important to tell you.f.用 and 或

29、or 连接的形容词短语修饰名词是，形容词短语后置。如：All people young and old are against the plan.g.表示长、宽、高、深、厚和年龄的形容词修饰数词短语是后置，如：The door is 2 metres high.She is 16 years old.注意：某些以 ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：friendly,deadly,silly,lively,lonely等。2.副词 作用：在句中修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，可作状语，有时可作表语、定语或补语。如：I can run very fast.(状语)Class is over.(表语

30、)Are you content with the life here?（定语）分类：时间副词：now then often early never 地点副词：there here below above 方式副词：well slowly hard badly 程度副词：still rather much hardly 疑问副词：how when where why 连接副词：when where why whether 关系副词：when where why 其他副词：also not only too 副词的位置：a.一般地点副词、时间副词放句尾，如需强调放句首。b.频率、时间副词一般放在

31、主谓之间 c.修饰动词时，要放在动词后 d.多个副词连用时，顺序为：方式副词+地点副词+时间副词 e.某些形容词加-ly,变为副词，但意义有所不同，如：hardly,likely,deeply,closely,lately f.某些形容词与副词形式相同，如：early,late,fast,hard 3.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级 结构：比较级：（单音节、双音节词）原级+er (多音节词)more+原级 最高级;（单音节、双音节词）原级+est (多音节词)the most+原级 注意：形容词最高级前要加 the,副词最高级前不加 the 用法：a.表示两个人或物在性质、程度上相同，可用：as

32、 as 或 the same as,如：Im as tall as you.He runs as fast as I.The hole is the same depth as that one.表示一方弱于另一方，可用：not as/so as,如：This book is not so interesting as that one.b.表示自身程度的变化时，用:比较级+and+比较级 结构，如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.c.表示一方随另一方程度变化时：用 the+比较级+the+比较级 结构，如：The more you eat t

33、he fatter you will be.d.三者、三者以上中的之最，用最高级，形容词最高级前要加 the,如：He is the tallest boy in the class.more than 的特殊用法：a.Its more than a letter,its my parents love.不仅，不只是 b.That is more than I can tell you.不能 c.She is more our friend than our teacher.与其，不如 d.He spent no more than one year at school.只，不过 相关固定用法：no other than 只有，正是 more than one 不止一个 prefer to rather than 宁可也不愿 五介词 1.概念：介词也叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词不能单独做句子