Windows 终端.docx

1、Windows 终端Operating SystemMicrosoft Windows 2000 Terminal Services LicensingWhite PaperAbstractThis white paper provides an introduction to Terminal Services Licensing, the client license management service for Microsoft Windows2000 Server. Terminal Services Licensing service works with Terminal Ser

2、vices to provide, catalog, and enforce license policy among Terminal Services clients.This paper examines the key features and components of Terminal Services Licensing, and explains in some detail the effects this service will have on computing in the enterprise. 1999 Microsoft Corporation. All rig

3、hts reserved.The information contained in this document represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation on the issues discussed as of the date of publication. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft,

4、and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication.This white paper is for informational purposes only. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, IN THIS DOCUMENT.Microsoft, BackOffice, Windows, and WindowsNT are either registered trademar

5、ks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.Other product and company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052-6399 USA0399ContentsIntroduction 1The Terminal Services Li

6、censing Model 1Microsoft Clearinghouse 2License Server 2Terminal Server 2Supported Licenses 3Summary of Features and Benefits 3Deployment 4Licensing Service Location 4Licensing Process 5Activate a License Server 5Install Licenses 5Client Licensing 5TS Internet Connector Licensing 7Administration Too

7、ls 8Terminal Services Licensing Tool 8Summary 9For More Information 9IntroductionTerminal Services for Windows 2000 Server provides application deployment and management for users on a variety of devices through its Application Server mode. It requires each device that initiates a Terminal Services

8、session to be licensed, either with a Windows 2000 license, or a Terminal Services Client Access License (CAL). Prior to Windows 2000, management and assignment of CALs was left up to the system administrator, which led to the difficult problem of tracking purchased CALs against deployed devices.Ter

9、minal Services for the Windows 2000 Server operating system provides the first secure client-licensing scenario to be used in a Microsoft server product. This service, known as Terminal Services Licensing, allows Terminal Services to obtain and manage its CALs for devices connecting to the Terminal

10、Server. It can manage unlicensed, pre-licensed, temporarily licensed, and CAL licensed clients, and supports both ordinary CAL and Internet Connector licensing for Terminal Services. This greatly simplifies the task of license management for the system administrator, while minimizing under- or over-

11、purchase of licenses for the organization.Terminal Services Licensing is used only with the Terminal Services in Application Server mode. The Remote Administration mode does not use Terminal Services Licensing. Terminal Services Licensing is a component service of Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 A

12、dvanced Server, and Windows 2000 Datacenter Server.The Terminal Services Licensing service is only associated with Terminal Services Client licensing. It is not used to license any other application or service, and doesnt replace or interoperate with the licensing service for any other component, or

13、 alter your rights and obligations under any End User License Agreement.The Terminal Services Licensing ModelTerminal Services Licensing operates between several components: the Terminal Services Licensing-enable license server, the Microsoft Clearinghouse, one or more Terminal servers, and the Term

14、inal Services Clients. A single license server can support multiple Terminal servers. There can be one or more license servers in a domain, or throughout an enterprise.Figure 1. The License service modelMicrosoft ClearinghouseThe Microsoft Clearinghouse is the facility Microsoft maintains to activat

15、e license servers and to issue client license key packs to the license servers that request them. A client license key pack is a digital representation of a group of client access licenses. The Clearinghouse stores information about all activated license servers and client license key packs that hav

16、e been issued, manages authentication, and validates purchased CALs. The Microsoft Clearinghouse is accessed through the Licensing wizard in the Terminal Services Licensing tool. It may be reached directly over the Internet, through a Web page, by fax, or by phone.License ServerA license server is a

17、 computer on which Terminal Services Licensing is enabled. A license server stores all Terminal Services licenses that have been installed for a group of Terminal servers and tracks the licenses that have been issued. A Terminal server must be able to connect to an activated license server before it

18、 can issue licenses. Once activated, a license server can serve many Terminal servers simultaneously.Terminal ServerA Terminal server is a computer on which Terminal Services is enabled in Application Serving mode. It provides clients access to Windows-based applications running entirely on the serv

19、er and supports multiple client sessions on the server. When clients log on to a Terminal server, the server validates the clients license. If a client does not have a license, the Terminal server requests one for the client from the license server.Supported LicensesThe license server manages all fo

20、rms of licensing associated with Terminal Services under Windows 2000 as of this writing. This includes: Terminal Services Client Access licenses (CALs). These licenses are purchased for known, non-Windows 2000 devices connecting to a Terminal Server. Terminal Services Internet Connector licenses. T

21、his license is used to allow anonymous use of a Terminal server by non-employees across the Internet on a concurrent basis. Built-in licenses. Clients that are running the Windows 2000 operating system are automatically licensed as Terminal Services Clients. Temporary licenses. When a Terminal serve

22、r requests a license and the License server has none to give, it will issue a temporary license. The license server will track the issuance and expiration of these.Each client requires one of these licenses to gain access to the Terminal server. Note that this is in addition to other licenses that m

23、ight be needed, such as application licenses, operating system licenses, and any Windows 2000 Server or Microsoft BackOffice Client Access Licenses.Summary of Features and BenefitsThe Terminal Services Licensing service includes the following features and benefits: Centralized administration for Ter

24、minal Services CALs License accountability and reporting Simple support for various communication channels and purchase programs Minimal impact on network and serversThe remainder of this document explores the design goals and implementation of Terminal Services Licensing for Windows2000 Server, and

25、 explains how an enterprise can make use of this feature.DeploymentThe Terminal Services Licensing service is a separate entity from Terminal Services. In most large systems, the license server will be deployed on a separate server, though it can be co-resident on the Terminal server in some smaller

26、 systems. Regardless of where it resides, Licensing is a low-impact service. It requires very little CPU or memory for regular operations, and its hard disk requirements are small, even for a significant number of clients. Idle activities are negligible. No CPU time is used except for hourly polling

27、 from the terminal servers, which is negligible. Memory usage is under 10 MB of RAM, whether idle or active, and the License Database consumes approximately 5 MB of hard disk space for each of the 6,000 client licenses issued. Activity only occurs when a Terminal server is requesting a license, and

28、is very low, even in high-load scenarios.Licensing Service LocationThe license server must be discoverable by the Terminal servers. For a Windows 2000 domain, this means the license server must be deployed on a domain controller. The Terminal server will discover the license server by enumerating it

29、s domain controllers and checking for Terminal Services Licensing. For a workgroup, or a Windows NT 4.0 domain, the license server may be deployed on the Terminal server or any peer server. In this scenario, Terminal servers will locate the available license server through broadcast.It is also possi

30、ble to deploy a License server in a Windows 2000 network on a site basis. This approach, known as the enterprise licensing configuration, can be selected at installation. It will allow any Terminal servers in the same physical site to discover the Licensing service, even across domain boundaries. Th

31、is configuration does not support discovery from remote sites within the network.Note: In determining the location of a License server, discoverability is the most critical factor. A domain, site, or workgroup hosting Terminal servers must also host a license server. For most applications, it is sug

32、gested that each Terminal server have at least two discoverable license servers to ensure high availability.Once a Terminal server has discovered a license server it will continue to use that as long as it is available. The Terminal server will communicate with its default license server about once an hour to assure it is still present. If it cannot find the default license server, the Terminal server will seek another provider.Note that Terminal Services Licensing only runs on Windows 2000 servers, and only manages licenses f