Windows 终端.docx

Windows 终端.docx

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Windows终端

OperatingSystem

MicrosoftWindows2000TerminalServicesLicensing

WhitePaper

Abstract

ThiswhitepaperprovidesanintroductiontoTerminalServicesLicensing,theclientlicensemanagementserviceforMicrosoft®Windows® 2000Server.TerminalServicesLicensingserviceworkswithTerminalServicestoprovide,catalog,andenforcelicensepolicyamongTerminalServicesclients.

ThispaperexaminesthekeyfeaturesandcomponentsofTerminalServicesLicensing,andexplainsinsomedetailtheeffectsthisservicewillhaveoncomputingintheenterprise.

©1999MicrosoftCorporation.Allrightsreserved.

TheinformationcontainedinthisdocumentrepresentsthecurrentviewofMicrosoftCorporationontheissuesdiscussedasofthedateofpublication.BecauseMicrosoftmustrespondtochangingmarketconditions,itshouldnotbeinterpretedtobeacommitmentonthepartofMicrosoft,andMicrosoftcannotguaranteetheaccuracyofanyinformationpresentedafterthedateofpublication.

Thiswhitepaperisforinformationalpurposesonly.MICROSOFTMAKESNOWARRANTIES,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,INTHISDOCUMENT.

Microsoft,BackOffice,Windows,andWindows NTareeitherregisteredtrademarksortrademarksofMicrosoftCorporationintheUnitedStatesand/orothercountries.

Otherproductandcompanynamesmentionedhereinmaybethetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.

MicrosoftCorporation•OneMicrosoftWay•Redmond,WA98052-6399•USA

0399

Contents

Introduction1

TheTerminalServicesLicensingModel1

MicrosoftClearinghouse2

LicenseServer2

TerminalServer2

SupportedLicenses3

SummaryofFeaturesandBenefits3

Deployment4

LicensingServiceLocation4

LicensingProcess5

ActivateaLicenseServer5

InstallLicenses5

ClientLicensing5

TSInternetConnectorLicensing7

AdministrationTools8

TerminalServicesLicensingTool8

Summary9

ForMoreInformation9

Introduction

TerminalServicesforWindows2000ServerprovidesapplicationdeploymentandmanagementforusersonavarietyofdevicesthroughitsApplicationServermode.ItrequireseachdevicethatinitiatesaTerminalServicessessiontobelicensed,eitherwithaWindows2000license,oraTerminalServicesClientAccessLicense（CAL）.PriortoWindows2000,managementandassignmentofCALswasleftuptothesystemadministrator,whichledtothedifficultproblemoftrackingpurchasedCALsagainstdeployeddevices.

TerminalServicesfortheWindows2000Serveroperatingsystemprovidesthefirstsecureclient-licensingscenariotobeusedinaMicrosoftserverproduct.Thisservice,knownasTerminalServicesLicensing,allowsTerminalServicestoobtainandmanageitsCALsfordevicesconnectingtotheTerminalServer.Itcanmanageunlicensed,pre-licensed,temporarilylicensed,andCALlicensedclients,andsupportsbothordinaryCALandInternetConnectorlicensingforTerminalServices.Thisgreatlysimplifiesthetaskoflicensemanagementforthesystemadministrator,whileminimizingunder-orover-purchaseoflicensesfortheorganization.

TerminalServicesLicensingisusedonlywiththeTerminalServicesinApplicationServermode.TheRemoteAdministrationmodedoesnotuseTerminalServicesLicensing.TerminalServicesLicensingisacomponentserviceofWindows2000Server,Windows2000AdvancedServer,andWindows2000DatacenterServer.

TheTerminalServicesLicensingserviceisonlyassociatedwithTerminalServicesClientlicensing.Itisnotusedtolicenseanyotherapplicationorservice,anddoesn’treplaceorinteroperatewiththelicensingserviceforanyothercomponent,oralteryourrightsandobligationsunderanyEndUserLicenseAgreement.

TheTerminalServicesLicensingModel

TerminalServicesLicensingoperatesbetweenseveralcomponents:

theTerminalServicesLicensing-enablelicenseserver,theMicrosoftClearinghouse,oneormoreTerminalservers,andtheTerminalServicesClients.AsinglelicenseservercansupportmultipleTerminalservers.Therecanbeoneormorelicenseserversinadomain,orthroughoutanenterprise.

Figure1.TheLicenseservicemodel

MicrosoftClearinghouse

TheMicrosoftClearinghouseisthefacilityMicrosoftmaintainstoactivatelicenseserversandtoissueclientlicensekeypackstothelicenseserversthatrequestthem.Aclientlicensekeypackisadigitalrepresentationofagroupofclientaccesslicenses.TheClearinghousestoresinformationaboutallactivatedlicenseserversandclientlicensekeypacksthathavebeenissued,managesauthentication,andvalidatespurchasedCALs.TheMicrosoftClearinghouseisaccessedthroughtheLicensingwizardintheTerminalServicesLicensingtool.ItmaybereacheddirectlyovertheInternet,throughaWebpage,byfax,orbyphone.

LicenseServer

AlicenseserverisacomputeronwhichTerminalServicesLicensingisenabled.AlicenseserverstoresallTerminalServiceslicensesthathavebeeninstalledforagroupofTerminalserversandtracksthelicensesthathavebeenissued.ATerminalservermustbeabletoconnecttoanactivatedlicenseserverbeforeitcanissuelicenses.Onceactivated,alicenseservercanservemanyTerminalserverssimultaneously.

TerminalServer

ATerminalserverisacomputeronwhichTerminalServicesisenabledinApplicationServingmode.ItprovidesclientsaccesstoWindows-basedapplicationsrunningentirelyontheserverandsupportsmultipleclientsessionsontheserver.WhenclientslogontoaTerminalserver,theservervalidatestheclient’slicense.Ifaclientdoesnothavealicense,theTerminalserverrequestsonefortheclientfromthelicenseserver.

SupportedLicenses

ThelicenseservermanagesallformsoflicensingassociatedwithTerminalServicesunderWindows2000asofthiswriting.Thisincludes:

∙TerminalServicesClientAccesslicenses（CALs）.Theselicensesarepurchasedforknown,non-Windows2000devicesconnectingtoaTerminalServer.

∙TerminalServicesInternetConnectorlicenses.ThislicenseisusedtoallowanonymoususeofaTerminalserverbynon-employeesacrosstheInternetonaconcurrentbasis.

∙Built-inlicenses.ClientsthatarerunningtheWindows2000operatingsystemareautomaticallylicensedasTerminalServicesClients.

∙Temporarylicenses.WhenaTerminalserverrequestsalicenseandtheLicenseserverhasnonetogive,itwillissueatemporarylicense.Thelicenseserverwilltracktheissuanceandexpirationofthese.

EachclientrequiresoneoftheselicensestogainaccesstotheTerminalserver.Notethatthisisinadditiontootherlicensesthatmightbeneeded,suchasapplicationlicenses,operatingsystemlicenses,andanyWindows2000ServerorMicrosoftBackOfficeClientAccessLicenses.

SummaryofFeaturesandBenefits

TheTerminalServicesLicensingserviceincludesthefollowingfeaturesandbenefits:

∙CentralizedadministrationforTerminalServicesCALs

∙Licenseaccountabilityandreporting

∙Simplesupportforvariouscommunicationchannelsandpurchaseprograms

∙Minimalimpactonnetworkandservers

TheremainderofthisdocumentexploresthedesigngoalsandimplementationofTerminalServicesLicensingforWindows 2000Server,andexplainshowanenterprisecanmakeuseofthisfeature.

Deployment

TheTerminalServicesLicensingserviceisaseparateentityfromTerminalServices.Inmostlargesystems,thelicenseserverwillbedeployedonaseparateserver,thoughitcanbeco-residentontheTerminalserverinsomesmallersystems.Regardlessofwhereitresides,Licensingisalow-impactservice.ItrequiresverylittleCPUormemoryforregularoperations,anditsharddiskrequirementsaresmall,evenforasignificantnumberofclients.Idleactivitiesarenegligible.NoCPUtimeisusedexceptforhourlypollingfromtheterminalservers,whichisnegligible.Memoryusageisunder10MBofRAM,whetheridleoractive,andtheLicenseDatabaseconsumesapproximately5MBofharddiskspaceforeachofthe6,000clientlicensesissued.ActivityonlyoccurswhenaTerminalserverisrequestingalicense,andisverylow,eveninhigh-loadscenarios.

LicensingServiceLocation

ThelicenseservermustbediscoverablebytheTerminalservers.ForaWindows2000domain,thismeansthelicenseservermustbedeployedonadomaincontroller.TheTerminalserverwilldiscoverthelicenseserverbyenumeratingitsdomaincontrollersandcheckingforTerminalServicesLicensing.Foraworkgroup,oraWindowsNT4.0domain,thelicenseservermaybedeployedontheTerminalserveroranypeerserver.Inthisscenario,Terminalserverswilllocatetheavailablelicenseserverthroughbroadcast.

ItisalsopossibletodeployaLicenseserverinaWindows2000networkonasitebasis.Thisapproach,knownastheenterpriselicensingconfiguration,canbeselectedatinstallation.ItwillallowanyTerminalserversinthesamephysicalsitetodiscovertheLicensingservice,evenacrossdomainboundaries.Thisconfigurationdoesnotsupportdiscoveryfromremotesiteswithinthenetwork.

Note:

IndeterminingthelocationofaLicenseserver,discoverabilityisthemostcriticalfactor.Adomain,site,orworkgrouphostingTerminalserversmustalsohostalicenseserver.Formostapplications,itissuggestedthateachTerminalserverhaveatleasttwodiscoverablelicenseserverstoensurehighavailability.

OnceaTerminalserverhasdiscoveredalicenseserveritwillcontinuetousethataslongasitisavailable.TheTerminalserverwillcommunicatewithitsdefaultlicenseserveraboutonceanhourtoassureitisstillpresent.Ifitcannotfindthedefaultlicenseserver,theTerminalserverwillseekanotherprovider.

NotethatTerminalServicesLicensingonlyrunsonWindows2000servers,andonlymanageslicensesf