Windows 终端.docx
《Windows 终端.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Windows 终端.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![Windows 终端.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-1/22/48575acf-a667-4bb7-8443-c3b33acb8122/48575acf-a667-4bb7-8443-c3b33acb81221.gif)
Windows终端
OperatingSystem
MicrosoftWindows2000TerminalServicesLicensing
WhitePaper
Abstract
ThiswhitepaperprovidesanintroductiontoTerminalServicesLicensing,theclientlicensemanagementserviceforMicrosoft®Windows® 2000Server.TerminalServicesLicensingserviceworkswithTerminalServicestoprovide,catalog,andenforcelicensepolicyamongTerminalServicesclients.
ThispaperexaminesthekeyfeaturesandcomponentsofTerminalServicesLicensing,andexplainsinsomedetailtheeffectsthisservicewillhaveoncomputingintheenterprise.
©1999MicrosoftCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
TheinformationcontainedinthisdocumentrepresentsthecurrentviewofMicrosoftCorporationontheissuesdiscussedasofthedateofpublication.BecauseMicrosoftmustrespondtochangingmarketconditions,itshouldnotbeinterpretedtobeacommitmentonthepartofMicrosoft,andMicrosoftcannotguaranteetheaccuracyofanyinformationpresentedafterthedateofpublication.
Thiswhitepaperisforinformationalpurposesonly.MICROSOFTMAKESNOWARRANTIES,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,INTHISDOCUMENT.
Microsoft,BackOffice,Windows,andWindows NTareeitherregisteredtrademarksortrademarksofMicrosoftCorporationintheUnitedStatesand/orothercountries.
Otherproductandcompanynamesmentionedhereinmaybethetrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.
MicrosoftCorporation•OneMicrosoftWay•Redmond,WA98052-6399•USA
0399
Contents
Introduction1
TheTerminalServicesLicensingModel1
MicrosoftClearinghouse2
LicenseServer2
TerminalServer2
SupportedLicenses3
SummaryofFeaturesandBenefits3
Deployment4
LicensingServiceLocation4
LicensingProcess5
ActivateaLicenseServer5
InstallLicenses5
ClientLicensing5
TSInternetConnectorLicensing7
AdministrationTools8
TerminalServicesLicensingTool8
Summary9
ForMoreInformation9
Introduction
TerminalServicesforWindows2000ServerprovidesapplicationdeploymentandmanagementforusersonavarietyofdevicesthroughitsApplicationServermode.ItrequireseachdevicethatinitiatesaTerminalServicessessiontobelicensed,eitherwithaWindows2000license,oraTerminalServicesClientAccessLicense(CAL).PriortoWindows2000,managementandassignmentofCALswasleftuptothesystemadministrator,whichledtothedifficultproblemoftrackingpurchasedCALsagainstdeployeddevices.
TerminalServicesfortheWindows2000Serveroperatingsystemprovidesthefirstsecureclient-licensingscenariotobeusedinaMicrosoftserverproduct.Thisservice,knownasTerminalServicesLicensing,allowsTerminalServicestoobtainandmanageitsCALsfordevicesconnectingtotheTerminalServer.Itcanmanageunlicensed,pre-licensed,temporarilylicensed,andCALlicensedclients,andsupportsbothordinaryCALandInternetConnectorlicensingforTerminalServices.Thisgreatlysimplifiesthetaskoflicensemanagementforthesystemadministrator,whileminimizingunder-orover-purchaseoflicensesfortheorganization.
TerminalServicesLicensingisusedonlywiththeTerminalServicesinApplicationServermode.TheRemoteAdministrationmodedoesnotuseTerminalServicesLicensing.TerminalServicesLicensingisacomponentserviceofWindows2000Server,Windows2000AdvancedServer,andWindows2000DatacenterServer.
TheTerminalServicesLicensingserviceisonlyassociatedwithTerminalServicesClientlicensing.Itisnotusedtolicenseanyotherapplicationorservice,anddoesn’treplaceorinteroperatewiththelicensingserviceforanyothercomponent,oralteryourrightsandobligationsunderanyEndUserLicenseAgreement.
TheTerminalServicesLicensingModel
TerminalServicesLicensingoperatesbetweenseveralcomponents:
theTerminalServicesLicensing-enablelicenseserver,theMicrosoftClearinghouse,oneormoreTerminalservers,andtheTerminalServicesClients.AsinglelicenseservercansupportmultipleTerminalservers.Therecanbeoneormorelicenseserversinadomain,orthroughoutanenterprise.
Figure1.TheLicenseservicemodel
MicrosoftClearinghouse
TheMicrosoftClearinghouseisthefacilityMicrosoftmaintainstoactivatelicenseserversandtoissueclientlicensekeypackstothelicenseserversthatrequestthem.Aclientlicensekeypackisadigitalrepresentationofagroupofclientaccesslicenses.TheClearinghousestoresinformationaboutallactivatedlicenseserversandclientlicensekeypacksthathavebeenissued,managesauthentication,andvalidatespurchasedCALs.TheMicrosoftClearinghouseisaccessedthroughtheLicensingwizardintheTerminalServicesLicensingtool.ItmaybereacheddirectlyovertheInternet,throughaWebpage,byfax,orbyphone.
LicenseServer
AlicenseserverisacomputeronwhichTerminalServicesLicensingisenabled.AlicenseserverstoresallTerminalServiceslicensesthathavebeeninstalledforagroupofTerminalserversandtracksthelicensesthathavebeenissued.ATerminalservermustbeabletoconnecttoanactivatedlicenseserverbeforeitcanissuelicenses.Onceactivated,alicenseservercanservemanyTerminalserverssimultaneously.
TerminalServer
ATerminalserverisacomputeronwhichTerminalServicesisenabledinApplicationServingmode.ItprovidesclientsaccesstoWindows-basedapplicationsrunningentirelyontheserverandsupportsmultipleclientsessionsontheserver.WhenclientslogontoaTerminalserver,theservervalidatestheclient’slicense.Ifaclientdoesnothavealicense,theTerminalserverrequestsonefortheclientfromthelicenseserver.
SupportedLicenses
ThelicenseservermanagesallformsoflicensingassociatedwithTerminalServicesunderWindows2000asofthiswriting.Thisincludes:
∙TerminalServicesClientAccesslicenses(CALs).Theselicensesarepurchasedforknown,non-Windows2000devicesconnectingtoaTerminalServer.
∙TerminalServicesInternetConnectorlicenses.ThislicenseisusedtoallowanonymoususeofaTerminalserverbynon-employeesacrosstheInternetonaconcurrentbasis.
∙Built-inlicenses.ClientsthatarerunningtheWindows2000operatingsystemareautomaticallylicensedasTerminalServicesClients.
∙Temporarylicenses.WhenaTerminalserverrequestsalicenseandtheLicenseserverhasnonetogive,itwillissueatemporarylicense.Thelicenseserverwilltracktheissuanceandexpirationofthese.
EachclientrequiresoneoftheselicensestogainaccesstotheTerminalserver.Notethatthisisinadditiontootherlicensesthatmightbeneeded,suchasapplicationlicenses,operatingsystemlicenses,andanyWindows2000ServerorMicrosoftBackOfficeClientAccessLicenses.
SummaryofFeaturesandBenefits
TheTerminalServicesLicensingserviceincludesthefollowingfeaturesandbenefits:
∙CentralizedadministrationforTerminalServicesCALs
∙Licenseaccountabilityandreporting
∙Simplesupportforvariouscommunicationchannelsandpurchaseprograms
∙Minimalimpactonnetworkandservers
TheremainderofthisdocumentexploresthedesigngoalsandimplementationofTerminalServicesLicensingforWindows 2000Server,andexplainshowanenterprisecanmakeuseofthisfeature.
Deployment
TheTerminalServicesLicensingserviceisaseparateentityfromTerminalServices.Inmostlargesystems,thelicenseserverwillbedeployedonaseparateserver,thoughitcanbeco-residentontheTerminalserverinsomesmallersystems.Regardlessofwhereitresides,Licensingisalow-impactservice.ItrequiresverylittleCPUormemoryforregularoperations,anditsharddiskrequirementsaresmall,evenforasignificantnumberofclients.Idleactivitiesarenegligible.NoCPUtimeisusedexceptforhourlypollingfromtheterminalservers,whichisnegligible.Memoryusageisunder10MBofRAM,whetheridleoractive,andtheLicenseDatabaseconsumesapproximately5MBofharddiskspaceforeachofthe6,000clientlicensesissued.ActivityonlyoccurswhenaTerminalserverisrequestingalicense,andisverylow,eveninhigh-loadscenarios.
LicensingServiceLocation
ThelicenseservermustbediscoverablebytheTerminalservers.ForaWindows2000domain,thismeansthelicenseservermustbedeployedonadomaincontroller.TheTerminalserverwilldiscoverthelicenseserverbyenumeratingitsdomaincontrollersandcheckingforTerminalServicesLicensing.Foraworkgroup,oraWindowsNT4.0domain,thelicenseservermaybedeployedontheTerminalserveroranypeerserver.Inthisscenario,Terminalserverswilllocatetheavailablelicenseserverthroughbroadcast.
ItisalsopossibletodeployaLicenseserverinaWindows2000networkonasitebasis.Thisapproach,knownastheenterpriselicensingconfiguration,canbeselectedatinstallation.ItwillallowanyTerminalserversinthesamephysicalsitetodiscovertheLicensingservice,evenacrossdomainboundaries.Thisconfigurationdoesnotsupportdiscoveryfromremotesiteswithinthenetwork.
Note:
IndeterminingthelocationofaLicenseserver,discoverabilityisthemostcriticalfactor.Adomain,site,orworkgrouphostingTerminalserversmustalsohostalicenseserver.Formostapplications,itissuggestedthateachTerminalserverhaveatleasttwodiscoverablelicenseserverstoensurehighavailability.
OnceaTerminalserverhasdiscoveredalicenseserveritwillcontinuetousethataslongasitisavailable.TheTerminalserverwillcommunicatewithitsdefaultlicenseserveraboutonceanhourtoassureitisstillpresent.Ifitcannotfindthedefaultlicenseserver,theTerminalserverwillseekanotherprovider.
NotethatTerminalServicesLicensingonlyrunsonWindows2000servers,andonlymanageslicensesf