中职教材汽车专业英语高教版 黄立新主编教案Chapter One History of Automobile.docx

1、中职教材汽车专业英语高教版 黄立新主编教案Chapter One History of AutomobileChapter One History of Automobile【课题】How Automobile Develops【教材版本】高等教育出版社，2005版中职教材汽车专业英语. 黄立新主编.【教学目标】1 了解汽车的历史、汽车的典故和汽车的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。2 掌握汽车英语的习惯表达方法。3 能查阅与汽车知识有关的英文资料。4 能借助字典翻译汽车历史方面的文章。【教学重点、难点】教学重点： 汽车的相关知识，掌握有关词汇词组。教学难点：科技英语中专有名词的翻译【教学媒体及教学

2、方法】A. 语言功能意念训练B. 围绕课文展开的讨论C. 各抒己见：就课文引出的话题交流意见，表述个人观点。D. 使用教材第1章第1课，播放收集的多媒体演示素材（以下素材样例是可播放的动画，可帮助学生对教学内容的理解，提高学习效率）。【课时安排】2课时（90分钟）【教学建议】导入、示例、多媒体 增加阅读和学习的趣味性，尽量做到通俗易懂。教学中应交替使用教材、实物和动画。【教学过程】一、导入（5分钟）1886年，德国人卡尔费里特立奇本茨（Karl Friedrich Benz），将自己在1885年设计制造的汽油机安装在一辆三轮汽车上。1886年1月29日获得世界上第一项汽车发明专利证书，所以被公

3、认为汽车诞生日。同一年，戴姆勒（Gottlied Daimler）也制成了世界上第一辆四轮汽车，后人将戴姆勒和本茨并称为“汽车之父”二、新授（75分钟）译前词语准备a car powered by steam以蒸汽为动力的汽车self-powered vehicle自身产生动力的汽车at an average speed平均时速gasoline engine汽油发动机auto conglomerate汽车集团a gas-powered quadricycle with no brakes一辆燃气动力、无制动装置的四轮车automaker汽车制造商Model T.“T”型车译文及评析In 167

4、8, Ferdinand Verbiest built a working model of a car powered by steam. In 1769, Nicholas J. Cagnot built one of the first full-sized, self-powered vehicles that could travel about two miles per hour.1678年，弗迪南沃比斯特（Ferdinand Verbiest）造了一个以蒸汽为动力的汽车的运转模型。1769年，尼古拉斯J坎那特（Nicholas J. Cagnot）造出一辆汽车，这属于第一批实物

5、大小、自身产生动力的汽车，它每小时能行驶大约2英里。评析：汽车英语涉及许多人名、典故，如能在平时多多收集，翻译时定能事半功倍。这一章中类似的例子还有很多。By 1801 an English man, Richard Trevithica built another crudesteam-powered carriage. By 1829 Sir G. Gurney built a steam engine that broke all distance records, it managed to make a 200-mile trip at an average speed of 15

6、miles per hour. The automobile is on its way! 1801年，一个英国人理查德特里维什卡（Richard Trevithica）造出了另一辆蒸汽动力车。1829年，G格尼（G. Gurney）先生造出了一台打破所有行驶里程纪录的蒸汽机，它以平均15英里的时速持续行驶了200英里。汽车开始步入正轨了！评析：第二句较长，可以采用拆句顺译，拆成短句，并符合原英文顺序，“1829年，G格尼（G. Gurney）先生造出了一台蒸汽机，这台蒸汽机打破行驶里程纪录，它以平均15英里的时速持续行驶了200英里。”译文中增加“这台蒸汽机”这几个词（起重复作用），更容易翻

7、译。“on its way”是指在路途上，翻译成“步入正轨”。As engines grew more efficient and control devices improved, new power systems were tested. An early favorite was an electric automobile. It proved to be easy to start, and it was free of the sputtering noise. 随着发动机变得效率更高、控制装置的逐渐改良，新的动力系统也在试验。早期的新宠是电动汽车。经证实，它易于起动，摆脱了劈劈

8、啪啪的噪声。评析：free 一词在不同的场合，可以作灵活的处理，“免费的、有空的、摆脱”。Electric cars soon lost their appeal because they could only travel about 50 miles before their batteries had to be recharged. This opened the door for the gasoline engine, however today electric cars may make a comeback.电动汽车不久就失去了吸引力，因为它们在电池必须再次充电之前只能行驶大

9、约50英里。这为汽油发动机打开了一扇门，然而今天，电动汽车也许又将回到我们中间了。评析：“make a comeback”“回来”。为方便理解，可译得罗嗦一些。Detroit was a city of machine shops and skilled mechanics. It attracted many automakers like the Packard Motor Company from Ohio. Then David Buick, a local plumber, began turning out cars. The Dodge brothers built auto p

10、arts. By 1908 W.C. Durant from nearby FlintMichigan bought up several of the Detroit producers. The world first auto conglomerate, the General Motors Corporation, was launched. 底特律（Detroit）是一个机器销售和擅长机械技能的特色城市。它吸引了许多像俄亥俄州（Ohio） Packard发动机公司那样的汽车制造商。大卫别克（David Buick），一个当地的水管工人，开始制造汽车。道奇（Dodge）兄弟建立了汽车部

11、。1908年来自密歇根州（Michigan）弗林特市（Flint）附近的W.C.杜兰特（W.C. Durant）买断了数个底特律生产厂家，世界的第一个汽车集团，通用汽车公司，成立了。评析：对某一专有名词进行音译时，应以该名词所在地的发音为准。例如：Ohio俄亥俄，Detroit底特律，David Buick大卫别克，Dodge道奇，Michigan密歇根州，Flint弗林特市，Guido da Vigevano伽多达瓦杰维诺。Detroit true pioneer was Henry Ford. In 1896 he built his first car, a gas-powered qu

12、adricycle with no brakes. Several improved models followed, each one represented by a letter of the alphabet. By 1907 Ford had reached T. He was determined to build a motor car that was affordable to everyone. The Model T was just that. By 1914 more than half the cars in America were Model T.底特律真正的先

13、驱者是亨利福特（Henry Ford）。1896年，他造出了他的第一辆汽车，一辆燃气动力、无制动装置的四轮车。之后便是一些改良的车型，每一个车型都以字母来命名。1907年福特已经用到了字母“T”。他决心要造出一种使每个人都能消费得起的汽车，就是“T”型车。1914年，美国超过半数的汽车都是“T”型车。评析：福特汽车公司的商标是蓝底白字的英文Ford字样，被艺术化了的Ford形似活泼可爱、充满活力、美观大方的小白兔。Ford犹如在温馨的大自然中，有一只可爱,温顺的小白兔正在向前飞奔，象征福特汽车奔驰在世界各地，令人爱不释手。 1908年，福特T型诞生， 为装在汽车轮上的美国立下了不朽功勋。因此，

14、福特汽车公司名扬天下，福特本人也成为世纪名人。 在美国独立200周年期间，为了配合这了个有纪念意义的节日，美国最大的通讯社美联社， 在对这200 年中的20件大事进行的全美民意测验中，福特汽车公司名列第十，可与后来的阿波罗飞船登月、原子弹爆炸媲美。The demand for these Model T was so great that Henry Ford had to boost output. He began tinkering with the production process. By 1914, the world first automobile assembly line

15、 rolled into action. Other car makers quickly adopted assembly line production and the American car industry was revolutionized. Today there are many types of cars to choose from. There is the sporty coupe, the two-door sedan, the four-door sedan, hard top, convertible, station wagon, minivan, van,

16、limousines and a wide variety of luxury cars.这些“T”型车的需求是如此之大以至于亨利福特不得不加大了生产力度。他开始整合生产程序。1914年，世界第一条汽车装配线投入运行。其它的汽车生产商很快采用了装配线生产，美国汽车产业发生了彻底改革。今天，有很多车型供大家选择，有运动双座车、两门轿车、四门轿车、硬顶车、活动顶篷车、旅行车、小型货车、有篷货车、豪华轿车以及多种昂贵的汽车。评析：车型见图：Limousine豪华轿车sporty coupe运动双座车Sedan轿车station wagon旅行车Van有篷货车Word studybuild vt. 1

17、.习惯与build 搭配作其宾语的名词有 house, factory, lab, bridge, road, ship, machine, telescope, fence 等。如：New roads will be built too.In 1678, Ferdinand Verbinest built a working model of a car powered by steam.2. build可用于引申意义，与一些抽象名词build socialism/ the four modernizations/friend ship3. build可以跟双宾语, 间接宾语用for引导。如

18、:They built me a house.They built a house for me.4. 注意下面两个句子语义上的区别: He built a house. (他(自己动手)盖间房子。)He had a house built. (他(让建筑工人为他)盖间房子。)5. build和make都可以作“造”、“建造”解。不同的是: build一般用于指建筑较大的东西,如house, road, bridge等; make一般用于指建造较小的东西, 如box, shoe, radio等。比较:A new car factory will be built here.Not all th

19、e parts or the car will be made in the factory. manage vt. & vi. 1. manage的基本词义是管理、经营,其后若跟不定式,则表示 “设法(终于)完成(某件困难的事)”。如:it managed to make a 200 mile trip at an average speed of 15 miles per hour.Sydney managed to get into the prison to visit Charles. 2. manage后可跟名代词,作“设法做到得到”、“支配”、“处理”、“对付 得了”等解,常与c

20、an, could连用。如:I can manage it myself. If you are to get away, I can manage the money.Can you manage these heavy boxes?I can not manage another cake.3. manage可用作不及物动词,作“能办得到”、“设法解决”、“勉强维持”等解。如:How do you manage in your wheelchair? Dont worry, Ill manage very well.Its heavy, but I can manage.We have l

21、ittle, but we can manage.trip, travel n.1. travel作抽象意义的“旅行”解是不可数名词,作具体意义的“游历”解往往用复数形式,泛指“旅行各地”或“去过好几个地方的旅行”,但不可说*a travel, *many travels。如:Travel will do you a lot of good.It was easy for them to carry a guitar on their travels.He saw many strange things on/in his travels in Africa.travel v. 旅行；走遍；走

22、过；移动等 2. 比较travel, trip, journey与tour: l) travel通常用于泛指“旅行”,词义较广泛。它可以指长期的或短期的旅行,不论何种目的的旅行,使用任何交通工具的旅行,尤指长途的海外旅行。在日常生活中常可与trip替换使用。2) trip在英国通常指短期或短程的旅行,尤指暂时到外地去办理业务上的事情或愉快的游玩。在美国,特别是在口语中,也指远程旅行(如a trip to the moon)。如:Thats a long trip.Now it is much easier to make plans for your trips.3) journey是“旅程”

23、、“旅行”之意,通常指陆路、海路与航空的长途旅行, 不表示返回原出发点。如:We are about to start on a journey.4) tour指“周游”，着重指绕行后又返回原出发点的长途旅行,其主要目的是观光、视察、做买卖等。如a wedding tour(新婚旅行)，a business tour。例: He made a tour round the world through Europe.prove vt. & vi.1. prove作证明、证实解可用于以下句型:1)跟名代词:What did you prove in your research? He has pr

24、oved his courage in battle. 2)跟复合结构(宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词和不定式短语) :One mad action is not enough to prove a man mad.He had proved himself a most brave soldier.3)跟从句:But Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the sarts was bent as it passed the sun.He tried to prove that the world was round.4)跟“直接宾

25、语(sth) +间接宾语(to sb)”结构。如:The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.2. prove作“证明是”、 “后来事实表明是”解是系动词,可用于以下句型: 1)跟形容词:The handbook proved most useful.2)跟名词: He proved a very honest fellow.3)跟to be引起的短语:Her advice proved to be very useful.It proved to be easy to start, and it wa

26、s free of the sputtering noise.determinev.1. determined可用作表语,也可用作定语; 可用very修饰。如:However, I am very determined. She is a very determined woman. She always gets what she wants.2. be determined后可接不定式,也可接从句。接从句时,从句必须用虚拟语气。如I was so angry I was determined to tell him what I thought of him.He was determin

27、ed that she should marry Dick.3. 比较下面两句:He determined to master English.He was determined to master English.说明这两句意思基本一样, 稍不同的是: 第一句是指“(当时)决定的动作”, 属动态句; 第二句是指(当时因为已经决定而)有决心的状态determined to master English.”, 属静态句。4.下面两句中,第一句是错句,第二句是正句:*She determined to do it for a long time.She was determined to do i

28、t for a long time.说明 determine是非延续性动词，不能与表示时段的状语连用; be determined是一种延续状态,可以与表示时段的状语连用。Grammar: 一般过去时的基本用法1带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时 如: In 1896、 yesterday (昨天)、two days ago (两天前)、last year(去年)、the other day (前几天)、 once upon a time (过去曾经)、just now (刚才)、in the old days (过去的日子里)、before liberation (解放 前)、When I

29、 was 8 years old (当我八岁时) 如：1) In 1678, Ferdinand Verbiest built a working model of a car powered by steam. 1678年，弗迪南沃比斯特（Ferdinand Verbiest）造了一个以蒸汽为动力的汽车的运转模型。2) Did you have a party the other day? 前几天你们开了晚会了吗?3) Lei Feng was a good soldier. 雷锋是个好战士。2表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时 这种情况下往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。I

30、t proved to be easy to start, and it was free of the sputtering noise.经证实，它易于起动，摆脱了劈劈啪啪的噪声。3. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作 常与always, never等连用。1) Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 (只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。) Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)2) I never

31、 drank wine. 我以前从不喝酒。 (不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒) 4. 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do 1) He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。 (意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)2) I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。 (意味着现在不在早晨散步了) 5. 有些句子, 虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语, 但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态, 也要用过去时, 这点, 我们中国学生往往出错, 要特别注意! 1) I didnt know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时, 我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上, 这句话暗指: But now I know you are here. )2) I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。 (这句话应是在说话之前, 我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)三、课堂讨论及作业（10分钟）Additional reading material It is already over one