第十讲 主谓一致.docx

1、第十讲 主谓一致第十讲 主谓一致姓名： 学校： 年级： 【学习目标】掌握主谓一致的基本用法，并且记忆相关的特殊情况。【知识要点】主谓一致是指：1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。例如： Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2.

2、意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。例如： My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球

3、。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 注意：一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.1. 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单

4、一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如： The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。 The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)2 主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There

5、 is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。 2）当either or 与neither nor，or, not onlybut also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和

6、最邻近的主语一致。例如：Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。 Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。 3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with, along with，like, except, but, besides including，in addition to，no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：The teacher together with some

7、 students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。 He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。 4 谓语需用单数 1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数，如: anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing somebody,someone,something,作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如： Each of us

8、has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。 There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。 2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如： The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。 3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星

9、期来做准备。Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。 4) each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如： Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。5) 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等，No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our cla

10、ss 在我们班数学很受欢迎。6)this kind of book=a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语用单数；短语this kind of men=men of this kind=these kinds of men(口语)(这一类人)，但this kind of men的谓语用单数， men of this kind和these kinds of men的谓语用复数。all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。Men of this kind are dangerous This kind of men is dangerous 5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数

11、 1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如： All is right.一切顺利。 All are present.人都到齐了。 2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如： His family isnt very large. 他家成员不多。 His family are m

12、usic lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗？ 3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如： A number of +名词复数+复数动词。 The number of +名词复数+单数动词。 A number of books have lent out. The majority of the studen

13、ts like English.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致 1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如： Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主

14、语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。More than 60 percent of the students are from the

15、city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。 【典型例题】1. The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 2.There _ some deer in the woods. A. is B. are C. has D. have【经典练习】.语法练习1.There _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds people B. hundred people

16、C. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing out B. are to hand outC. are handing out D. is to hand out3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. am B. is C. are D. be4. Every

17、one, men and women, old and young _ sports and games.A. is enjoy B. were enjoying C. enjoys D. enjoy5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A. were; it B. are; them C. was; it D. is; them6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are expl

18、oited C. had exploited D. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. is B. was C. are D. were8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. are B. are going to be C. is D. is to be9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. is B. are C. was D. were10. _ eithe

19、r of your parents come to see you recently?A. Have B. Had C. Has D. Is11. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？”“_ .”A. Nobody of us has B. Nobody of us haveC. None of us has D. None of us did12. The whole family _ TV attentively.A. are watching B. is watching C. is seein

20、g D. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. was B. were C. have been D. would be14. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have known B. knows C. is known D. are known15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.

21、A. are not preserved B. is not preservedC. were preserved D. have not been preserved16. There _ little change in that mid ddle school.A. have B. had C. have been D. has been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to be B. / C. is D. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _

22、 with water.A. is covered B. is covering C. were covered D. are covered19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. being B. are C. was D. were20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A. are B. is C. am D. were.完型填空One very cold, wet night, there was a knock on my front door. A young

23、man, wet from 21 to toe, explained that he had run out of petrol. He had 22 his pregnant(怀孕的) wife and his two children behind at the car and said that he would hitchhike(搭便车) back.Once I had 23 a can with petrol, I took him back to his car. Once the car had started, I Before leaving, I had turned t

24、he heater on so that it was nice and 24 . While the little ones played and ran around, I prepared bread and butter for the children, and hot chocolate for the 25 .The young fellow asked me how much he owed me and I told him that the petrol pump(加油泵) had 26 $15. He offered to pay “call-out fee”, but

25、I wouldnt accept it.About a month later, I received a 27 from Interstate, a large bus company. It 28 out that the young fellow I had helped was its general manager, the most 29 person in the company.In his letter, he thanked me again and 30 me that, from then on, all their buses would stop at my ser

26、vice station. In this case, a little bit of kindness was rewarded with a huge amount of benefits.21. A. finger B. shoulder C. head D. hand22. A. let B. leftC. stayedD. made23. A. supplied B. pouredC. equippedD. filled24. A. neat B. hotC. warm D. attractive25. A. drivers B. guestsC. customersD. adult

27、s26. A. appeared B. exhibitedC. calculatedD. shown27. A. call B. letterC. check D. notice28. A. pointed B. turned C. worked D. found29. A. generous B. successfulC. serious D. powerful30. A. praised B. persuadedC. informed D. convinced. 语法填空Although English is not as old as Chinese, it is spoken by m

28、any people around the world every day. English speakers are always s making new words and we should be able to know 1 most words come from. Sometimes, however, no one may really know where 2 word comes form. Did you ever think about why hamburgers are called hamburgers, 3 (especial) when they are no

29、t made 4 ham? About a hundred years ago, some men went to America from Europe. They came from a big city in Germany called Hamburg.。they did not speak good English, 5 they ate goodfood. Some Americans saw the eating round pieces of beef. Never 6 they seen such a strange way. They couldnt help 7 (ask) the Germans what it was. The Germans did not understand thequestion and answered, “we came from Hamburg.” One of these Americans owned a restaurant, andhad an idea. He 8 his mind to do something new. He cooked som