1、完整版初一英语语法与词汇解析人教版初一英语语法与词汇解析(人教版)一 短语识记: a photo of一张的照片; a set of keys一副钥匙; sports collection体育收藏品; family photo全家福照片; family tree家谱; first name名字; Frenchfries薯条; healthy food健康食品; ID card身份证; 1ast namefamily name姓氏; play sports做运动; pencil sharpener铅笔刀; running star跑步明星; tennis racket网球拍; watch TV看
2、电视; telephone numberphone number电话号码; video tape录像带; lost and found失物招领; thanks for为而感谢; a lot oflots of许多,大量; behind the sofa在沙发后面; in the drawer在抽屉里; on the floortable在地板,桌子上; On the dresser在梳妆台上; under the bed在床下;bringto把带(来)到; call sb (at.)给某人打电话; play baseballbasketball打棒球篮球; play computer game
3、s玩电子游戏; sound good听起来很好; taketo把带(去)到; watchon TV在电视上看 action movie动作片; basketballvolleyball game篮球,排球赛; Beijing Opera京剧: birthday party生日聚会; English speech contest英语演讲比赛; movie star电影明星; school day学校上课日; school trip学校旅行; summer camp夏令营; talent show才艺表演; year(s)old岁(年龄); a little少量; at a very good p
4、rice以很好的价钱; at home在家; at school在学校; in the morning在上午;in the afternoon在下午; in the evening在傍晚晚上; on sale出售; on weekends在周末; do ones homework做作业; eathave breakfastlunchdinner吃早/午/晚饭; get to到达; get up起床; go home回家; go to a movie去看电影; go to bed上床睡觉; go to school去上学; go to work去上班; help with在(方面)帮助; lea
5、rn about了解有关; listen to听; look athave a look at看一看; play chess下棋; play the guitartrumpetviolindrum弹吉他吹喇叭,拉小提琴,敲鼓;play with和; speak English说英语; take a shower淋浴,洗漂;take the number 17 bus乘17路公共汽车; how much(价钱)多少; how old多大年记; what time几点,什么时候 二 复习本册主要内容,包括话题、词汇、句型及语法: 一 词汇分类记忆 1. school things ( 学习及相关用
6、品):pencil pen book eraser ruler math book pencil case pencil sharpener backpack notebook computer watch key ring CD video cassette alarm clock ID card 2. family members (家庭成员):mother father parent sister brother grandmother grandfather grandparent uncle aunt cousin 3. furniture (家具) : table bed dres
7、ser bookcase sofa chair 4. sports and entertainment ( 运动与娱乐 ) : baseball basketball volleyball soccer bat tennis dance swimming paint play chess play the guitar 5. food(食物): hamburgers tomatoes broccoli oranges salad bananas eggs carrots apples chicken fruit vegetable breakfast lunch dinner French f
8、ries ice cream 6. clothes(衣物) : hat socks pants shorts sweater bag T-shirt 7. number(数词) :cardinal(基数词 ) / ordinal(序数词) one / first two / second three / third four / fourth five / fifth six / sixth seven / seventh eight / eighth nine / ninth ten / tenth eleven / eleventh twelve / twelfth thirteen /
9、thirteenth fourteen / fourteenth fifteen / fifteenth nineteen / nineteenth twenty / twentiethtwenty-one/ twenty-first thirty / thirtieth 8. month(月份) : January February March April May June July Au-gust September October November December 9. week (星期) : Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Satur
10、day Sunday 10. movies(电影) : action movie comedy romance thriller 11. musical instrument ( 乐器 ):guitar drum piano trumpet violin 12. subject(科目) : math science history art Chinese English Spanish Portuguese Korean French physical education(P.E.) 13. countries and cities ( 国家与城市): Canada New Zealand J
11、apan Australia Mexico Brazil Argentina Seoul the United States the United Kingdom South Korea New York Mexico City Tokyo 14. daily life( 日常生活): run clean read get up eat / have breakfast /lunch / supper go to school do homework / housework watch TV go to bed take a shower 15. adjectives ( 形容词 ) : in
12、teresting boring fun difficult relaxing scary funny exciting sad great 二 主要语法项目 1be动词的一般现在时形式 be动词的现在式有am,is,are三种形式,原形均为be, 因此称它们为be动词。 be动词在一般现在时的句子当中,通常构成主系表句型, 表示当前所存在的状态, 句型如下: 肯定句:主语+be动词+其他 egI am a teacher 否定句:主语+be动词+not+其他 egHe isnt a student 疑问句:Be动词+主语+其他 egAre you a soccer player? be动词的
13、三种不同的形式分别接在不同的主语后面,第一人称单数I am,第一人称复数we are第二人称单复数you are, 第三人称的单数sheheit is,第三人称复数they are。注意下列缩写形式: is not=isnt are not=arent I am not=Im not You are=Youre It is=Its 看下列例句: (1)It is not a bookIt isnt a book - (2)一Is Mary a nurse? 一Yes, she is 2 do/does引导的一般疑问句、否定句及肯定、否定回答 be动词(am,is,are)、助动词、情态动词以外
14、的动词称为行为动词。行为动词通常用于主谓宾句型当中作谓语,表示一定的动作。在否定句和疑问句中,要加助动词d0does,这和be动词不同。 句型如下: 肯定句:主语+动词(第三人称单数时, 动词一s-es) 否定句:主语+dodoes not(dontdoesnt)+动词 一般疑问句:DoDoes+主语+动词? eg (1) You go to school every day (2) She likes singing very much (3) I dont watchTv at home (4) He doesnt study hard (5)一Do you have an examina
15、tion in English? 一Yes, I do (6)一Does she walk to school? 一No, she doesnt 3人称代词、物主代词用法巧记和提示巧学妙记 1人称代词的用法口诀 人称代词分两格, 主格宾格来分说;主格定把主语做,宾格作宾不会错。如: He teaches us English 2物主代词用法口诀 物主代词两类型, 形容词性、名词性。形容词性作定语, 后面定把名词用; 名词性, 独立用,主宾表语它都扮 形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,在句中用作定语,后面必须接名词。如: Our teacher is a young woman 名词性物主代词应
16、独立使用后面不跟名词。相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。它在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。如: Her English is better than mineHer作定语,mine=my English。 提示 当几个不同的人称代词作主语时。它们的排列顺序通常是: 单数为:you,heshe and I如: You, she and I are good friends我、你和她都是好朋友。 Mary and I are in Class One我和玛丽在一班。 复数为:we, you and they如: We, you and they all enjoymusic我们、你们和他们都喜欢音乐。 但
17、如果是做错了事,当事人应承担责任时,通常把第一人称放在最前面。如: 一Who broke the window? I and Mike 这正是:单数人称2、3、l,复数人称l、2、3。麻烦事情“我”站前, 其他人称没意见。 4. 情态动词梳理归纳 can(could), may(might), must, have to, need, should Can 1表示主观能力,意为“能;会”。其否定形式为cannot=canto如: He cancant swim 2表示请求、许可,常用于“Can I?”,意为“我可以吗?”。比较口语化。如:Can I play football after I
18、finish doing my homework? 3表示推测,常用于否定和疑问句中。如: Look at the name on the bagIt cant be Lilys Where can it be? May 1表示请求、许可,意为“可以”。如: May I have a look at your CD player? 2表示可能性(说话人的猜测),常用于肯定句中。如: Your friend may be waiting for you now 相关链接: 1may引起的一般疑问句,其肯定回答多用“Yes,please”或“Of courseCertainly”;其否定回答多用“
19、Please dont”或“No,youmustnt”。如: May I smoke here? 一YespleaseNoyou mustnt 2might是may的过去式,可用于间接引语中指过去。如: , He told me that it might be true 3might也可用于指现在,但语气比may较委婉,含义更不确定。如: That might be quite expensive Must 1表示说话人的主观意志,意为“必须”,这种“必须”多出于义务、责任或强制命令。 如:You must do it yourself 2表示推测,意为“一定”,语气较肯定,只用于肯定句中。
20、如: Look at our neighbors new carThey must earn a lot of money 相关链接: 1对must引起的一般疑问句,作肯定回答佣must,但作否定回答要用neednt。如: - Must I wash the clothes now? 一Yes,you must. / No,you neednt 2must的否定式为must notmustnt,意为“不允许;禁止”。如: The children mustnt play football in the street Have to 1表示客观需要,意为“不得不”。有人称、时态和数的变化。如:
21、He has to wait for DrWang in the office 2have to的否定和疑问形式要借助于助动词dodoesdid构成。如: Why do you have to work so hard? Need 用作情态动词时,意为“需要”,主要用于否定和疑问句中。如: You neednt worry about her Need you go to school now? 相关链接: 1need引起的一般疑问旬,其肯定回答要用must,而否定回答要用neednt。如: 一Need I take the camera to your house? 一Yes,you mus
22、tNo,you neednt 2need还可以作实义动词,除了有人称、时态和数的变化外,其否定和疑问形式要借助于助动词dodoesdid构成。如: He needed to escape I dont need anything special. 3need作实义动词时,后面既可以跟ving形式也可以跟动词不定式。 Should 表示道义上或责任上的“应该”。可用于各种句式。如: You should call the pohce if you see something unusual You shouldnt make such a foolish decisionUnit One 1.
23、How often do you exercise ? How often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth. ? 疑问词how often是问频率(多经常), 在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用 Every day / Once a week / Twice a month / Three times a month / Three or four times a month . 2. What do you usually do on weekends ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;而第二个 do 则是实义动词
24、。 I usually play soccer . 3. Whats your favorite program ? Its Animal World . 4. What do students do at Green High School ? 第一个do 为助动词, 在这起帮助构成疑问的作用;而第二个 do 则是实义动词。 5. As for homework , most students do homework every day . as for.意思是“至于;关于”,常用于句首作状语,其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。如: As for him,I never wa
25、nt to see him here. 至于他,我永远不希望在这里见到。 As for the story,youd better not believe it. 关于那故事,你最好不要相信。 6. The results for “ watch TV ” are interesting . 7. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her . want to do sth.意思是“想要做某事”;want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如: Do you want to go to the mov
26、ies with me?你想和我一起去看电影吗? The teacher doesnt want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。 8. She says its good for my health . be good for.表示“对有益(有好处)”。其反义为:be bad for.。(这里for 是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词)如: Its good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。 Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。 9. How many hou
27、rs do you sleep every night ? 10. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school . 11. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里pretty相当于very 。 12. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week . try to do sth.表示“ 尽力做某事 ” ,不包含是否成功的意思 / try doing sth. 表示“ (用某一办法)试着去做某
28、事”。 如:Youd better try doing the experiment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。 13. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades . help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 14. Good food and exercise help me to study better . help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 / 这里better是well的比较级,而不是good的比较级 15. Is her lifestyle the same
29、 as yours or different ? Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from your lifestyle ? be the same as / be different from 16. I think Im kind of unhealthy . kind of = a little / a kind of 意思是“一种” 17. What sports do you play ? 18. A lot of vegetables help you to keep
30、 in good health . keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy 19. You must try to eat less meat . try to do sth. 表示“ 尽力做某事 ” , 不包含是否成功的意思 / less是little的比较级 20. That sounds interesting. 这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来),look(看起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),grow(变得) , get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系
31、动词,后跟形容词作表语。如: It tastes good. 这味道好。 The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。 The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。 Unit Two 1. Whats the matter ? Whats the mater with you ? with为介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词。人称代词必须用它的宾格。 I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache 2. You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor . 3. Im not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况,不能用good代替 4. Wh
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