自考综合英语二题型备考.docx

1、自考综合英语二题型备考试题题型共7类：1. 选择正确语法形式和单词或词组填空 ( 15分)考查学生对所学语法现象及词汇掌握。语法题涵盖要求掌握所有语法现象，词汇题限制在课文中出现单词及其搭配。例1：Those old photographs in my album _B_ me of my days at Harvard University years ago.Aremind BmemorizeCremember Dwarn例2：“Did the medicine make you feel any better？”“No. Im sorry to say that _, the worse

2、 I feel.”Awhen I take more medicine Btaking more medicine Cwith more medicine I takeDthe more medicine 答题技巧：这部分包括25个小题，考核语法和词汇。所考核语法题涵盖综合英语（二）所讲述所有语法现象。考生在复习语法时，可以采取这样办法：把语法集中在一起复习。在复习每一个语法现象时，抓着自己掌握差方面，或感觉难重点复习。在词汇方面，从考卷分析来看，大致有下列几种情况。（1）考常用动词短语动词搭配。考生一定要把教材中有关Word Study部分学好。（2）考查形近词辨析。如: persisten

3、t / insistent/consistent /resistant（3）近义词辨析。如: capacity/aptitude/competence/ qualification （4）考词组搭配 如： He turned down the request because it was _ the limits of his power. Aabove Bover Coff Dbeyond2词形转换 (10分)考查学生对词形变化规则和英语构词法掌握情况。本项要求学生在理解句子意思基础上，将括号内词作恰当变化填入空白处，使句子完整。He had nothing to gain from lyi

4、ng so we saw no reason to _ him. (belief) The students were _ for the holidays to start. (patient)disbelieve impatient答题技巧：做这种题首先要先所填词在句中所作成分确定词性，然后考虑要填词正确形式，如果是名词应该是单数还是复数，如果是动词是用第三人称单数还是原形还是应该用分词形式。填入后看看该句意思是不是讲得通。3. 完形填空 （ A 或 B）（15分）（A）考查考生对语法、词汇、惯用法、句型综合运用能力以及一定阅读理解能力。本项为一篇短文其中有15个空白，每一个空白由4个选项

5、。 要求考生在理解短文基础上，选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容和结构正确。本题短文选自教材以外文章，其难度程度相当于教材中完型填空练习题。（B）考查考生对所学课文熟悉程度及对词汇和句法熟练程度。 本项从指定教材课文中选出长度为150200词片断，抽掉15个词，留出相应空白，要求考生填入与课文一致词。答题技巧：（）首先要快速阅读全文，掌握全文大意。完型填空短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空白，它是文章开篇重要信息源，尾句往往在文章中起到画龙点睛作用。（）由于此题是从所学过课文中选，所要填词必须与课文中词一致，所以平时学习时要求熟读课文。熟练掌握各课词汇用法并掌握其句法关系，理解课文意思，才能把漏掉词正

6、确地补出来。4 难句释义 （10分） 考查学生对所学课文中难句理解能力。本项中每题均从指定教材选出难句。每题有四个选项。要求考生选出正确答案。难句标准是（1）句中由不易理解词或从字面上猜不出其意思词语，（2）句子结构复杂，（3）句子表面简单，没有难词，结构也不复杂，但其含义深刻。例：She was a real find.A. Finally, we found a washwoman after so much trouble.B. Finally, we found a washwoman who charged no more than others.C. Finally, we fou

7、nd a washwoman who came on time every time.D. Finally, we found a washwoman who was excellent and valuable.答案：D. Finally, we found a washwoman who was excellent and valuable.答题技巧： 根据上下文，正确理解课文中难句意思是做好此题必要条件。每题所给四个选项中只有一个是与原文意思相符。其余三个或多或少与原文有所差异，考生作题时应细心判断。作此类题时对句子中关键词或词组一定要掌握好。常常知道了关键词或词组意思，整个句子意思就清

8、楚了。 5汉译英（句子）（15分）重点考查学生对所学句子结构、重点词汇和语法项目掌握和运用能力。本项由若干小题组成。每小题为一个汉语句子，要求考生把这些句子译成英语。 例：我们为我们国家五十年来取得成就感到自豪。We are very proud of what our country has achieved in the past fifty years.答题技巧： 汉译英是考查学生运用英语综合能力。要对课文重点句型、词汇和语法熟练掌握并能运用。做这种题型关键是确定好句型，选准词组。 6 阅读理解 （20分）考查考生综合理解能力。要求考生在规定时间内读完总阅读量为1200词左右两篇短文。短

9、文基本没有生词，即使有，也可以根据上下文猜出词义。问题范围涉及文中词和短语意思、短文内容、各部分相互之间关系、单句或全文内在含意或推理、文章主题思想或大意、作者态度等。答题技巧： 先通读全文，了解文章大意，然后根据后面所给选择题逐题逐段阅读，并找出正确答案。7 写作 （15分）考查学生运用英语语言能力，要求考生在限定时间内，用130-150左右词回答一个有关综合英语（二）上下册31篇课文内容大问题。答题技巧： 此题是以回答就所学过课文所提问题形式写一篇短文。因此，必须对各课课文内容有正确理解，熟练掌握。在回答问题是，要表达清楚，用词恰当，语言通顺，句子结构完整，语法要正确。要避免中国式英语。重

10、点语法 （结合考题讲解）综合英语（二）常考语法为：名词单数变复数，定语从句，虚拟语气，反意疑问句，非谓语动词，时态，名词性从句，形容词副词比较级，主谓一致，倒装等等。下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细有重点讲解。名词1. 大多数集体名词可作单数，也可作复数，如： army ， audience ， class ， committee ， crew ( 全体船员，乘务员 ) ， crowd ， faculty ， family ， government ， group ， orchestra ， team ， union 等。强调整体时谓语动词用单数，强调个体时谓语动词用复数。如： The gove

11、rnment is paying close attention to economic development.The government are having a heated discussion on this matter. 2.有些名词形式为复数，却用作单数，如 :electronics( 电子学 ) ， mathematics( 数学 ) ， optics( 光学 ) ， politics ， statistics( 统计学 ), economics （经济学）, physics 等。例如 : Linguistics is a difficult subject to stud

12、y.3. 名词作定语时，除了man和woman要和中心词一起变成复数之外，其它修饰词不能变成复数。例如a woman teacher - two women teachersa man doctor - two men doctorsa girl student - five girl studentsa boy student -six boy students4. 复合名词复数只把其中所包含主体名词变成复数。如 : looker(s)-on ， runner(s)-up ， sister(s)-in-law ， editor(s)-in-chief ， passer(s)-by ， gra

13、nd-child(ren) ， shoe lace(s) ， blood type(s) 等。5. 如果没有主体名词，就在最后一个词上加复数词尾。如 :go-between(s) ， drawback(s), grown-ups “Of+抽象名词”相当于形容词Of interest-interesting Of importance-important Of value-valuableOf necessity-necessaryOf possibility-possibleOf great importance- greatly important/very importantOf no v

14、alue-valueless切记invaluable=priceless这里主要讲一下 不定代词some和any。通常some用于肯定句，any 用于疑问句和否定句。但在下列情况下例外：（1）在表示请求、建议时，some及其派生词可以用于疑问句。如： Would you like some coffee? Can somebody come and help me? Could you lend me some books? Why dont you buy some flowers for her birthday?注意“any +单数名词”和“any other +单数名词”区别。现在用两

15、个例子进行说明。 China is larger than any other country in Asia. (China belongs to Asia.)China is larger than any country in Africa. (China does not belong to Africa.)（2）any及其派生词用于肯定句时，起强调作用，意思是 “任何” .如：You can come any day you like. 你哪天来都行He is taller than any of the other boys in the class. (any of the ot

16、her boys=any other boy)形容词和副词以下情况形容词常用于后置定语 : 1) 一些表语性形容词要后置，如 :present (到场，出席） ， available ， involved ， concerned ， etc 。2) 形容词修饰不定代词 something ， anything ， everything 时要后置。例如 : There was something wrong with her. I came across a tricky question hard to answer. I wondered if there was a room availa

17、ble. 注意enough位置：enough 修饰名词时放在名词前后均可，修饰形容词或副词时要放在后面。如： enough water /water enough careful enough/ well enough形容词和副词原级比较由 “as + 形容词或副词原级 ( 或后跟名词或短语 )+as” 构成， “asas” 前可加 not ， just ， almost ， nearly ， quite ， twice ， several times 等词修饰。否定式中 not 后面 as 可改为 so 。如：He is as tall as I.He is not as/as carefu

18、l as his brother.形容词与副词比较级形式为 :“ 形容词 ( 副词 ) 比较级 +than+” ，应注意 than 前后相比较人或物要一致 （否则没有可比性）。比较级前可以跟 even ， much ， stilI, far, a lot 等副词修饰比较级，表示强调。You voice is more beautiful than your classmates/that of your classmates.The population in China is much larger than that in America.The values of the young d

19、iffer from those of their elders. 不可数名词或名词单数，后面用that代替，可数名词复数后面用those代替。注意一些以-ior结尾来自于拉丁语单词，虽表示比较含义，但后面要用to而不是than。常用有七个：be junior to -be younger than be senior to -be older than be posterior to -be later than be anterior to -be earlier than be prior to -be earlier than/be more important than be inf

20、erior to -be worse than be superior to -be better than还要注意比较级重要结构：the +比较级， the +比较级 ( 越 就越 ) ，常考选择或翻译。如：The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you make.The earlier you come, the better (it is).形容词与副词最高级形式分别为 :“the+ 形容词最高级 + 名词十范围表达 ” 和 “ 副词最高级十名词 + 范围表达 ” ，副词比较级和最高级不需要加 the 。例如 : We are the h

21、appiest when staying with friends. I carried out the task more successfully than he had expected. Most 有时并不都是最高级形式，相当于very，该用法比较正式。如：It is a most touching film. 这是一部非常感人电影。They shall most certainly come. 他们很可能回来。时态国考中考试重点是完成时态，现在我们详细讲完成时态用法。只有延续性动词可以和时间段连用,瞬间动词要改为相应持续性表示状态短语。die-be deadleave/go-be a

22、waybuy/borrow-keep/havestart/begin-be on注意重要句型：It is (has been)since这一结构也常用于现在完成时。It has been (也可用is) a long time since they last met each other.“This/It/That be the first (second) time that”句型中，从句常用完成时态。例如：Is this the first time that you have visited Hong Kong?This will be the second time that I ha

23、ve broken a cup this week.That was the third time he had been interrupted that afternoon. *现在完成进行时表示一种不间断动作，因此在提到做某事次数或所做事情种类时，不能用该时态，而只能用现在完成时I have knocked at the door five times, but Im afraid nobody is in.The pop singer has sung three songs.关于过去完成时1. 由had +过去分词构成，表示在过去某一时刻以前已经完成动作，常与由by, before，

24、until等介词或连词引起表示到过去某一时间为止时间状语连用。The girl had learned a lot of English words before she went to school.2.用在表示与过去情况相反虚拟句从句中。If he had studied hard last term, he would have passed the examination.I wish I had gone to the party last night.关于将来完成时由shall (will) + have +过去分词构成，表示将来某个时间之前会发生或可能完成事情，常与by, bef

25、ore, when等介词或连词引导表示将来时间短语或从句连用。 When we get there theyll probably have left.By the end of this century China will have become one of the strongest and wealthiest country in the world.下面我们要讲是语法中重中之重：情态动词+完成式(1)could+have+过去分词 有时表示过去时间，说明某事可能已发生，有时也表示与事实相反，表示本来有能力做某事，但却未做。例 What happened in the airpor

26、t could have been true. The director could have produced a better film.He could have helped me, but he didnt.(2) might/may+have+过去分词 表示对已经发生情况进行揣测，但语气相当不肯定，表示近乎未实现行为. 例：You might have done the work better.你本来可以把工作做得更好一些。(3) must+have+过去分词 是对发生在过去一种行为推测，表示过去必定发生过事情 ，语气相当肯定，表示“肯定，一定”。例：It must have ra

27、ined last night. The ground is wet.昨夜一定下雨了，地上湿乎乎。(4) should/ought to +have+过去分词 表示该做而未做到事，表示“本应”。 例：They should have made a good job of it.他们本来可把工作做好。 (5) should not/oughtnt to+have+过去分词 表示做了不该做事，表示“本不应该”。 例：You should not have done such things. 你不该干出这种事情来。 (6) cant（couldnt）+have+过去分词 表示对过去动作进行否定性推测

28、。意为“肯定没有，肯定不是”。例：The poem cant have been written by the little girl; she is only four.这首诗肯定不是这个小女孩写，她才刚四岁。 (7) would+have+过去分词经常用于虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反猜测。例：If she had known about it, she would have talked about it.她要是知道这件事话， 早就对此说东道西了。 (8) neednt +have + 过去分词 表示不必做事情却做了，可译为“原本不必”“其实不必”。例：You neednt have

29、done all these calculations. We have a computer to deal with that sort of thing. Exercises1. The streets are all wet. It _ during the night. (2005/4)A. must rain B. must have rainedC. must be raining D. must have been raining2. I _ this three-room apartment without the money I borrowed from the bank

30、. (2004/10)neednt have boughtmustnt have boughtC. shouldnt have boughtD. couldnt have boughtD B 3. When we reached the cinema, the film _ started, for there were no people at the entrance. (2004/4)A. should have B. ought to have C. had to have D. must have4. I think you ought _ me about the matter a

31、nd not have let me make such a fool of myself. (2002/4) A. have told B. tell C. had told D. to have toldD D5. In the past few months the project _held up by the heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile. (2005/10)Ais BwasChas been Dhad been6. This is the first time I _ on an English-speaking soil. (2003/10)A. set my foot B. have set footC. set my feet D. have set feetC B7. The job _ by the time he come