初中英语陈述句和祈使句.docx

1、初中英语陈述句和祈使句第14讲_陈述句和祈使句知识图谱-陈述句和祈使句陈述句祈使句第14讲_陈述句和祈使句错题回顾陈述句和祈使句知识精讲一、陈述句1. 陈述句概念和基本类型陈述句是用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法的句子。根据句中动词的类型和后接宾语的情况，通常又可将陈述句划分成一下五种形式：类型常见谓语动词例句主语+不及物动词S+Visleep, walk, happen, come,go, stay, arrive, laugh,等The boy slept for a long time.那个男孩睡了很久。主语+及物动词+宾语S+Vt+Oraise, call, meet, eat, leav

2、e等Everyone knows the rule.每个人都知道这个规则。主语+及物动词+双宾语S+Vt+O+Ogive pass, lend, send, show,buy, make, find, draw等Tommy gave me a present yesterday.汤米昨天送给我一个礼物。主语+及物动词+宾语+补语S+Vt+O+Cmake, call, find, have, ask,tell, keep, want, hear等He found the movie interesting.他发现这部电影很有意思。主语+系动词+表语S+V(系动词)+Pbe, become, lo

3、ok, get, feel,see, turn, keep, sound等Tony felt happy.托尼感到很开心。注：S：主语；Vi：不及物动词；Vt：及物动词；P：表语；O：宾语；C：宾语补足语。2. 陈述句的否定结构陈述句的否定一般否定在be动词，助动词或情态动词上，如：Iam nota doctor but a teacher.我不是一名医生而是一个老师。Ihaventfinished my homework yet.我还没完成我的作业。Icantdo it by myself.我不能独立完成。在以下几种情况下，句子否定比较特殊，需要特别注意。1). 含有have的否定句(1).

4、 have作实意动词，表“有”或“吃”时，否定在前，根据时态用dont, doesnt或didnt否定，如：I didnt have lunch today.今天我没吃午饭。(2). have作为助动词，即在完成时中，否定直接用havent既可，如：I havent been to China yet.我还没去过中国。2).含有all, both, each, bothand等的肯定句中，加not为部分否定；若表示全部否定需要把上述词变成否定形式，即no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neithernor等词，如：肯定：BothTomandJack are g

5、ood students.汤姆和杰克都是好学生。否定：NeitherTomnorJack is good student.汤姆和杰克都不是好学生。3).句中含有already（已经），too（也）的肯定句加not变为否定句时，要分别把already和too变为yet和either，如：肯定：He hasalreadyfinished his homework.他已经完成了他的作业。否定：He hasnt finished his homeworkyet.他尚未完成作业。4).含有always, many, much, often等词的肯定句可直接用never(hardly), few, lit

6、tle, seldom变为否定句，而不用加not，如：肯定：Healwaysgets up early in the morning.他早上总是早起。否定：Henevergets up early in the morning.他早上从不早起。5).在谓语动词是think，believe，suppose的宾语从句中，否定宾语从句，应该将否定放在主语，如：肯定：Ithinkyou are right.我认为你是对的。否定：Idont thinkyou are right.我认为你不对。二、祈使句祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常为第二人称，且被省略，谓语动词用原形，巨末用感叹号或句号，

7、读降调，如：Dont be late! 不要迟到！（命令语气）Close the window, please. 请关一下窗子。（请求）注：祈使句中谓语动词无时态和数的变化，形式统一，肯定结构主要有以下下几种：结构例句动词原形+宾语+其他Give it to me. 把它给我。Be+表语+其他Be careful! 小心点！Let +宾语+动词原形+其他Lets go to the Beihai Park. 让我们去北海公园吧。Please+动词原形+其他Please pass me the pen./ Pass me the pen, please. 请把笔递给我。三点剖析一、疑难考点方法点

8、播1. 陈述句转换为疑问句。疑问句部分会详细介绍不同类型的疑问句，此处提一句陈述句如何转换成疑问句。主要有以下两个原则：1).若陈述句中有be动词、情态动词、助动词，我们只要把这次词提到主语前即实现了句型的转换，如：陈述句：Heisa good student. 他是一个好学生。疑问句：Ishe a good student? 他是个好学生么？2).若陈述句中没有上述这些词，我们需要判断时态和人称，将do，did，does放与句首用于疑问，如：陈述句：Heplaysbasketball well. 他篮球打的很好。疑问句：Doeshe play basketball well? 他篮球打的好么

9、？2. 陈述句的否定。1).否定大多时候是找原句中的助动词作文章，如果有助动词或be动词就否定在它们身上，若没有需要判断时态和人称，借助do, did, does进行否定；2). think等表观点词的否定转移；3). eitheror等关联词的全否定。二、补充考点祈使句的否定1). 动词和be动词开头的祈使句，否定直接在句首加Dont即可，如：Dontput it there, Sam. 别放在那，山姆。Dontbe late again. 别再迟到了。2). “No+名词或动名词”结构，常用语生活中的警示语，如：No smokingin the library. 图书馆禁止吸烟。题模精讲题

10、模一 陈述句例1.1、根据中文提示，完成句子。请把这封信寄给她。_.例1.2、将陈述句转换为否定句。1. I have a lot of money. (转换为否定句)_.2. All of us like this movie very much._.例1.3、将陈述句转换为疑问句。1. He is going swimming this weekend._.2. He likes playing football very much._.例1.4、翻译句子1. 那天早上我们谈了很多。_2. 昨晚我写了一封信。_3. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。_4. 我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。

11、_5. 树叶变黄了。_6. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。_7. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。_8. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。_9. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。_10. 天气预报说下午有大风。_题模二 祈使句例2.1、_ this rock music, please. Im afraid some people cant stand the noise!A、StoppingB、StopC、StopsD、Stopped例2.2、Jack, _, or you will get heavier.A、doesnt play sports any moreB、doesnt eat so m

12、uch meatC、dont play sports any moreD、dont eat so much meat例2.3、根据中英文提示，完成句子。我们不要大声说话。（let）_.随堂练习随练1.1、We _ any water in the end.A、dont haveB、haventC、have noD、not have随练1.2、-Have you returned your book?-No, I _.A、dont haveB、haventC、have noD、not have随练1.3、He reads newspapers every day to keep himself

13、_ about whats going on in the world.A、informB、informingC、informedD、being informed随练1.4、-Tom, can you _? Mine is stolen.-Certainly.A、lend your bicycleB、borrow me your bicycleC、lend me your bicycleD、borrow your bicycle随练1.5、He has three different colored pencil-boxes. (改为否定句)_.随练1.6、Weve been there be

14、fore，too. (改为否定句)_.随练1.7、A sign with the words “_” is often found in a library.A、Not parkingB、Not smokingC、No parkingD、No smoking随练1.8、Would you like to wait a moment? (改为祈使句)_.随练1.9、Please ask her for help. (改为否定句)_.随练1.10、If you dont give it back, Ill tell your parents. (改为祈使句)_.自我总结能力拓展拓展1、-We ar

15、e going to Beihai Park. Will you join us, Tom?-Id like to but I _ my homework yet.A、not have finishedB、havent finishedC、have no finishedD、dont have finished拓展2、-Why not ask your teacher for help?- That _ a good idea.A、soundsB、tastesC、feelsD、looks拓展3、When you leave the classroom, please keep the door

16、 _.A、to closeB、closeC、closedD、closing拓展4、Sue did her homework last night. (改为否定句)_.拓展5、There is something wrong with the radio. (改为否定句)_.拓展6、_ down the radio. The babys asleep in the next room.A、TurningB、To turnC、TurnedD、Turn拓展7、You must be careful with your handwriting. (改为祈使句)_.拓展8、Will you please not play with my pencil? (改为祈使句)_.拓展9、You will miss the last train unless you get hurried. (改为祈使句)_.