新概念第三册第20课.docx

1、新概念第三册第20课New words and expression 生词和短语pioneer n.先驱 vi.vt.开拓, 为开路, 作先驱者youngpioneer 少先队员the pioneer of the Womens Liberation Movement 妇女解放运动的先驱a pioneer of operation 手术的开创者-eer:volunteer 志愿者; engineer工程师; mountaineer登山者; auctioneer 拍卖人；竞争者profiteer暴利获得者，奸商; lord n.对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵 lordship n.贵族权力, 贵族身

2、份 lordly adj.adv.高傲的, 贵族般地, 有气派地my lord 阁下（对某些贵族、法官及主教的尊称）the Lord 上帝the House of Lords 上议院；the House of Commons下议院live like a lord过着贵族般的生活; lord of creation万物之灵；人类; treat sb. like a lord 阔绰地款待某人Duke n.公爵(Duchess) Marquis n.(英国等的)侯爵(Marchioness) Count 伯爵（Countess)(Earl n.伯爵) Viscount n.(英国的)子爵 Baron

3、 n.男爵(英国世袭的最低级的贵族爵位) , 大财主（女性为： Baroness）Calais n.加来（法国港市）overland adj.陆上的;横跨陆地的；an overland route 陆上路线 to travel overland （作）陆上旅行overnight n.头天晚上 adj.通宵的, 晚上的, 前夜的 adv.在前一夜, 整夜, 昨晚一晚上 an overnight trip一整夜的旅行 an overnight guest 过夜的客人overpopulated adj.人口过密的, 人口过剩的overseas adv.海外 adj.外国的, 海外的oversea s

4、tudent 海外留学生 oversea Chinese 华侨over+动词（over表示超过）overeat vt.使吃过量 vi.吃得过多oversleep vt.(使)睡过头 vi.睡过头, 睡得太久overwork n.过度工作 v.(使)工作过度overcharge v.讨价过高, 使过量装填, 过度充电 n.超载, 过重的负担, 过度充电overestimate vt.评价过高 n.估计的过高pilot n.飞行员, 领航员, 引水员engine n.发动机, 机车, 火车头Calais 加来（法国北部港市）latest adj.最后的, 最迟的, 最新的, 最近的 n.最新消息,

5、 最新式样last vi.持续, 支持, 维持Dover n.多佛（英国东南部的港口）Text 课文In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. (1) offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth. offer a prize of for sth 因为提供奖励Eg. The police offered a reward for any information. offer ones hand to

6、sb. (=shake hands with sb.) offer identity card 出示身份证 offer a price ($ 300 )for sth. (the horse) 出价 award a prize 提供奖励 The school awarded Merry a prize for her good work . 学校因为她工作好而奖励了梅丽.(2) fly across 飞越 sail across 横渡 swim across 游过 come across 通过 遇上 碰到 eg. I came across a group of children playin

7、g. 我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。 Wed like to identify(认同） and celebrate womens success whenever we come across it. 每当女性取得成功，我们都会表示认同并予以颂扬。When sober( adj. 头脑清醒的，没喝醉的)he can come across(给人印象) as an extremely pleasant and charming young man. 没喝醉的时候，他看上去似乎是个极为彬彬有礼、讨人喜欢的小伙子。Over a year passed before the first attempt w

8、as made.(1) “before”作为连词的用法：其基本含义是“在之前”，也可以根据语境的不同灵活翻译成“才”、“还没来得及就”、“就”等等含义。1）与情态动词can / could 连用，这时从句虽为肯定形式，根据汉语习惯译成“还没来得及就”，强调从句动作发生之前主句的动作已经发生。Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. Before she cold move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.2)用于肯定句中强调主句所表达的时间、距离长，或花费的精

9、力多，译成“才”；We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw lands.We waited a long time before the train arrived.3)用于否定句中，强调主句所表达的时间、距离短，或花费的精力少，译成“不到就”；We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.4) 主句含有hardly、scarcely等半否定词时，可以译成“刚就”，这时主句过去完成时，从句过去时，且可以用when 替代before; We had hardly / scarcely reach

10、ed the school before / when the bell rang. 5) 有时before还有“宁愿”的意思；Id shoot myself before I apologized to him.6) 用于 It be / take some time before + 句子，这时要根据主句的时态分两种情况：(1)若主句为一般将来时，从句是一般现在时。主句是肯定句译成“要过很多时间才”；主句是否定句译成“用不了多久就”。It will be many years before the situation improves; It wont be long before we

11、meet again.(2) 若主句是一般过去时，从句也是一般过去时。主句是肯定句译成“很长时间之后才”；主句是否定句译成“没过多久就”。It was some time before I realized the truth.It wasnt long before she became a brave soldier.After that it still took seven years before they got married.注：主句的谓语动词为延续性动词时，before与until可以互换。It was an hour before / until the police ar

12、rived.7）和其他相似句型的区别：(1)it + be + 时间段 + since 从句 It is two years since we arrived here.(2) it + be + 时间段 + when 从句：表示“某个动作发生时，是某个时间”（主句谓语动词可以是一般过去时，也可以是一般将来时） It was Dec. 18th when I was born.8) before long 和 long before的区别： before long: “不久，很快” （before为prep, long为n.) 在句中常作状语，多与动词的过去时或将来时连用。 The work

13、will be finished before long. long before: “ 很久以前”（long 为 adv. )可以单独使用，这时before 为prep.;也可以接从句，这时为conj.,常与过去时或过去完成时连用，后接从句时也可用于一般现在时。 She said that she had heard of it long before. It will be long before he arrives. “还要很久他才能到。”(2) attempt 的用法：attempt vt. 企图，试图；努力，尝试；attempt sth. I did attempt the las

14、t question in the exam.He has attempted a difficult task.attempt to do sth. He attempted to lie.He attempted to leave but was stopped.attempt doing sth. (不如 to do常见）He attempted swimming across the river. attempted adj. （犯罪）未遂的 attempted murder / rape(强奸） / robbery attempt. n. 企图；尝试make an / no atte

15、mpt to do He make no attempt to carry it out.I failed in my attempt to finish it in time.attempt at sth.He make an attempt at winning the first prize.My first attempt at English composition was poor.attempt on / upon sbs life 企图刺杀 He made an attempt on the life of the President.On July 19th, 1909, i

16、n the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the Antoinette IV.1. at dawn ; at daybreak ; at midnight; at the crack of dawn2. take off Eg. Ladies and gentlemen, our plane is to take off soon.take years off sb. 看上去年轻 Her slimming course(减肥课)seems to take years off he

17、r .put years on sb. 看上去年老 Her broken marriage put years on her.(3)off 离开动身 draw off 撤离 （withdraw） lift off (火箭 、飞船等)起飞，发射， 升空 set off 出发 Nichols set off for his remote farmhouse. 动身去他的偏远的农舍。 kick off (在足球比赛中)开球 Liverpool kicked off an hour ago. fly off 飞出，飞跑，突然跑掉 The arrow flew off and hit the bulls

18、 eye. 箭离弦飞去, 射中了那靶心。(4)take off (产品 活动 事业)腾飞 In 1944, he met Edith Piaf, and his career took off. 1944年，他结识了伊迪思比阿夫，从此他的事业开始腾飞。(5)coast 海岸 Pacific coast 太平洋海岸 seashore, seaside 海滨 beach 海滩 沙滩 marine nature reserve 海洋自然保护区He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and

19、he was forced to land on the sea. (1)when: 这里可以换成before,译成“就”，且这里有“突然、忽 然”之意。Eg. We were sitting in the garden when it began to rain. I had been working a couple of years there when I had a letter from him.I was about to leave the room when the telephone rang.(2) fail: 失败, 坏了,失灵 (broken , stop worki

20、ng) Eg. Words failed me when I met my long lost sister.fail to see 不明白 I fail to see why you find it so amusing. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history. 但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造 成灾难性的影响。(3) be forced to

21、 do 被迫做某事 make a forced landing (航空)紧急降落 force a smile 勉强一笑 force sbs hand 不得不，被迫 eg. We didnt want to raise our prices, but the fall in the dollar forced our hand. 我们不想抬高物价，但是美元下跌，我们不得不出此下策。The Antoinette floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.(1) float 漂浮float on air 兴高采烈 float

22、on cloud 兴高采烈float across the sky 飘过天空float down the river 顺流直下float around town 满城流传fluctuate v. 价格波动 fluctuate wildly 大幅波动 drift (to move slowly on water or in the air )漂流，漂移The raft was drifting down the river.drifter 漂泊者 流浪汉(2)pick up 文中解释为营救 rescue“收拾，收捡” Eg. If you fail now, who will pick up t

23、he pieces? 你现在要是失败了，谁来收拾残局？“(跌倒或被击倒后）使（自己）慢慢站起（或爬起）” Eg. Pick yourself up where you fall down.pick up after sb.: (to tidy things that someone else has left untidy) 跟在某人后面收拾 Eg. Who wants to get married and spend their life time picking up after some man? “(通常指开车)接载，取走” Eg. We drove to the airport th

24、e next morning to pick up Susan. 我们第二天早晨开车去机场接苏姗。“逮捕；拘捕 ” Eg. If someone is picked up by the police, they are arrested and taken to a police station.“（不费力地） 获得，学会” Eg. The English settlers had become adept at(熟练于，擅长于） planting tobacco after picking up the trade from their Powhatan allies（盟友）. 来自英国的殖

25、民者从他们的波瓦坦伙伴那里学到了种植烟草的手艺，并且已经擅长这一行了。得病，染上疾病 Theyve picked up a really nasty（严重的） infection（传染病） from something theyve eaten. 他们因吃错东西而得了很严重的感染症。接收到信号或声音 We can pick up Italian television. 我们能收看到意大利电视台的节目。重提，接过观点或话题 Can I just pick up that gentlemans point? 我能接着那位先生的意思往下说吗？贸易或经济改善或好转 Industrial product

26、ion is beginning to pick up. 工业生产开始好转。健康的好转 A good dose（剂量，一剂） of tonic（补药） will help you to pick up. 一剂好的补品将有助于身体康复。指出错误 Dont pick me up on words. 不要挑我的措词。Two days later, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called No.11.with 要翻译成驾驶，而不能说“带着”With的复合结构（L6）Eg. Now he could walk only with som

27、eone supporting him.他现在只能靠别人搀扶着才能走了。She ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她跑得满头大汗。Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered 26 miles.cover: 覆盖；涉及；包含；掩护；行走了；看完cover a lot of

28、 ground 到了很多地方, 涉及了很多内容 Eg. The expedition covered a lot of ground. 探险队到过很多地方. Weve covered a lot of ground at this mornings meeting. 在今天上午的会议中我们讨论了很多问题. “覆盖（面积）” Eg. China covers 9.6 million square kilometers.(to report the details of sth. for a newspaper, radio or television. ) 报道新闻 eg. cover the

29、Winter Olympics(to pay money for) cover the bill 买单 Eg. Here is $5, that should cover all the expenses. How many pages have you covered ?Latham, however did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new Antoinette.give up 放弃give away Dont give away the secret. 这项机密不可泄露。

30、 We have six copies of the book to give away. 这本书我们要赠送6本出去。give out There were people at the entrance giving out leaflets. 有人在入口处散发传单。 He wouldnt give out any information. 公开 他不愿透露任何消息。 All machines give out eventually. 最终，所有的机器都停止了运转。 He gave out a scream of pain. 他疼得大叫了一声。give off 发出 The flowers g

31、ive off a heady scent at night. 这些花晚上散发出醉人的芳香。 heady 酒等易使人醉的 scent 香味give in 屈服，投降It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel.看来会有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。as if = as though “好像，似乎”，进行非事实的比喻或夸张时，引导的从句常运用虚拟语气。Eg.He works very hard as if he never intended to sleep a wink.（合眼）Those flowers looked as if they were asleep in the hot sun.He talks as if he were a hero.但是